The role of coarse colloids as a carrier phase for trace metals in riverine systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Davide Vignati  Janusz Dominik 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2003,65(2):129-142

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Seasonal acceleration of the rate of total ozone decreases over Central Europe: impact of tropopause height changes     

Janusz W. Krzy?cin  Ma?gorzata Degórska  Bonawentura Rajewska-Wich 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》1998,60(18):1755-1762

Total ozone data from some European stations have been analyzed to detect the ozone decrease in different seasons from 1979 to 1995. The differences between the winter–spring (December–March) and summer (May–August) total ozone means have decreased distinctly during the last three decades, by 10 Dobson Units per decade, showing that the winter–spring decrease is significantly stronger than the summer one. Applying a multiple regression model to the monthly means of tropopause height, positive trends in the summer and winter–spring seasons have been found, especially since 1979. This corresponds to the accelerating ozone decrease then. The possibility of using tropopause height variations as an indicator of dynamical variability in the total ozone trend model is discussed. The total ozone response to the changes of tropopause height seems to be independent of timescale over which the tropopause-total ozone relationship has been examined (month-to-month, interannual). The total ozone trends, as well as the accelerated rate of ozone decrease since 1979 in the winter–spring and summer seasons, respectively, are reduced by about 0.5–1% per decade after inclusion of the tropopause height effect on the ozone model.  相似文献   

Radio emission regions in pulsars     

Jaroslaw Kijak  & Janusz Gil 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,299(3):855-861

We study the concept of radius-to-frequency mapping using a geometrical method for the estimation of pulsar emission altitudes. The semi-empirical relationship proposed by Kijak &38; Gil is examined over three decades of radio frequency. It is argued that the emission region in a millisecond pulsar occupies the magnetosphere over a distance of up to about 30 per cent of the light-cylinder radius, and that in a normal pulsar occupies up to approximately 10 per cent of the light-cylinder radius.  相似文献   

On the origins of part-time radio pulsars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bing Zhang  Janusz Gil  Jaroslaw Dyks 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,374(3):1103-1107

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Seasonal transport pattern of chromium(III and VI) in a stream receiving wastewater from tanneries     

Ewa Szalinska  Janusz Dominik  Davide A.L. Vignati  Andrzej Bobrowski  Boguslaw Bas 《Applied Geochemistry》2010

Water, suspended matter and sediment samples from a system heavily impacted by wastewater from numerous small tanneries (the upper Dunajec River, southern Poland) were collected to establish the annual cycle of Cr. To study possible oxidation processes the speciation of Cr and Mn concentrations were also investigated. This study showed that Cr(III and VI) temporal and spatial distributions are regulated by coupled anthropogenic (source location and emissions) and hydrologic factors (water flow and particle transport). Chromium(III) concentrations in all compartments varied seasonally as a function of the hydrological regime, production cycle in tanneries and distance from the discharge location. Cr(III) was largely associated with the particulate phase and rapidly deposited in river bed sediments. Contaminated river sediments were however flushed during flood periods to the reservoir located downstream from tanneries. During the tanning season (November to March), Chromium(III) concentrations in the water column and total Cr concentration in sediments exceeded relevant ecotoxicological guidelines only upstream from the reservoir, which trapped about 70% of the annual Cr(III) load transported by the Dunajec river. A correlation between Cr(VI)/Cr(III) ratios and Mn concentration in sediments downstream from the reservoir suggests the possibility of Cr(III) oxidation in natural conditions.  相似文献   

Nonequilibrium Processes in the Solar Corona,Transition Region,Flares, and Solar Wind <Emphasis Type="Italic">(Invited Review)</Emphasis>     

Jaroslav Dudík  Elena Dzifčáková  Nicole Meyer-Vernet  Giulio Del Zanna  Peter R. Young  Alessandra Giunta  Barbara Sylwester  Janusz Sylwester  Mitsuo Oka  Helen E. Mason  Christian Vocks  Lorenzo Matteini  Säm Krucker  David R. Williams  Šimon Mackovjak 《Solar physics》2017,292(8):100

We review the presence and signatures of the non-equilibrium processes, both non-Maxwellian distributions and non-equilibrium ionization, in the solar transition region, corona, solar wind, and flares. Basic properties of the non-Maxwellian distributions are described together with their influence on the heat flux as well as on the rates of individual collisional processes and the resulting optically thin synthetic spectra. Constraints on the presence of high-energy electrons from observations are reviewed, including positive detection of non-Maxwellian distributions in the solar corona, transition region, flares, and wind. Occurrence of non-equilibrium ionization is reviewed as well, especially in connection to hydrodynamic and generalized collisional-radiative modeling. Predicted spectroscopic signatures of non-equilibrium ionization depending on the assumed plasma conditions are summarized. Finally, we discuss the future remote-sensing instrumentation that can be used for the detection of these non-equilibrium phenomena in various spectral ranges.  相似文献   

Stochastic models in the DORIS position time series: estimates for IDS contribution to ITRF2014     

Anna Klos  Janusz Bogusz  Guilhem Moreaux 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(7):743-763

This paper focuses on the investigation of the deterministic and stochastic parts of the Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) weekly time series aligned to the newest release of ITRF2014. A set of 90 stations was divided into three groups depending on when the data were collected at an individual station. To reliably describe the DORIS time series, we employed a mathematical model that included the long-term nonlinear signal, linear trend, seasonal oscillations and a stochastic part, all being estimated with maximum likelihood estimation. We proved that the values of the parameters delivered for DORIS data are strictly correlated with the time span of the observations. The quality of the most recent data has significantly improved. Not only did the seasonal amplitudes decrease over the years, but also, and most importantly, the noise level and its type changed significantly. Among several tested models, the power-law process may be chosen as the preferred one for most of the DORIS data. Moreover, the preferred noise model has changed through the years from an autoregressive process to pure power-law noise with few stations characterised by a positive spectral index. For the latest observations, the medians of the velocity errors were equal to 0.3, 0.3 and 0.4 mm/year, respectively, for the North, East and Up components. In the best cases, a velocity uncertainty of DORIS sites of 0.1 mm/year is achievable when the appropriate coloured noise model is taken into consideration.  相似文献   

Effects of continuous flow centrifugation on measurements of trace elements in river water: intrinsic contamination and particle fragmentation     

Patrick Ross  Davide Vignati  Janusz Dominik 《水文研究》2006,20(13):2745-2754

Continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) is a well‐established technique used in natural surface water studies to collect large amounts of suspended solids, thus allowing a broad spectrum of measurements. However, a potential contamination or changes in the particle size distribution during the centrifugation may restrain the use of CFC effluents for element analysis in the colloidal and dissolved fractions. In this paper we evaluate the possibility of using the effluent of a Westfalia centrifuge (type KA2‐06‐075, 9700 rpm) for such analysis. This evaluation is based on two laboratory experiments with deionized and tap water and two field experiments in rivers. Elemental concentration changes across the CFC were assessed from the CFC influent and effluent after a filtration at 0·45 µm. Significant increases were found, mainly in the field experiments at a high suspended solids level and a slightly acid pH. A hypothesis was made on the origin of these increases as a superposition of a centrifuge intrinsic contamination and a particle fragmentation effect. A numerical model based on elemental concentration measurements (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) gave a particle fragmentation level of 0·55% (mass percentage of particles broken up into smaller fragments during centrifugation). In another experiment, a direct particle counting (single particle counter) shows an excess of particles smaller than 500 nm in the CFC effluent, corresponding to a fragmentation level of 0·11%. In consequence, the use of CFC effluent for element analysis is possible in low‐turbidity river or lake waters, but should be carefully considered in waters with high suspended matter contents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dissolved organic carbon in the southern Baltic Sea: Quantification of factors affecting its distribution     

Karol Kuliński  Janusz Pempkowiak 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

During a cruise of r/v ‘Oceania’ in May 2006, seven vertical dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration profiles were produced against a background of CTD, chlorophyll a (chl a) and phaeopigment concentration profiles. The results indicate distinct vertical and spatial DOC fluctuations, ranging from 248 ± 7 μmol C dm⁻³ at 70 m depth at the westernmost station G/06 to 398 ± 5 μmol C dm⁻³ at 5 m depth at station A/06 in the western Gulf of Gdańsk. DOC concentrations were the highest at 10 m depth, where phytoplankton activity was relatively intensive, as reflected by the active chl a concentration distribution. DOC concentrations decreased towards the sea bottom.  相似文献   

Measurements of biomarker levels in flounder (Platichthys flesus) and blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) from the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic)     

Kopecka J  Lehtonen KK  Barsiene J  Broeg K  Vuorinen PJ  Gercken J  Pempkowiak J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,53(8-9):406-421

In the framework of the EU funded BEEP project a set of biomarkers, gross morphometric indices and tissue concentrations of selected organic pollutants were measured in flounder (Platichthys flesus) and mussels (Mytilus trossulus) collected twice a year (April and October) from three sites in the inner Gulf of Gdańsk between autumn 2001 and spring 2003. In flounder, seasonal differences in most biomarkers were observed, but no correlations with tissue pollutant levels could be found. In mussels, highly variable levels in biomarker responses were seen, but no clear seasonal or spatial trends, directly related to tissue concentrations, could be established. The observed biomarkers distribution the study sites are probably mostly caused by interannual, seasonal and individual variability and, in case of flounder, possibly by exchange of stocks between the sampling sites.  相似文献