全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1583篇 |
免费 | 80篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 25篇 |
大气科学 | 102篇 |
地球物理 | 406篇 |
地质学 | 749篇 |
海洋学 | 124篇 |
天文学 | 192篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
自然地理 | 64篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 26篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 59篇 |
2017年 | 66篇 |
2016年 | 68篇 |
2015年 | 60篇 |
2014年 | 78篇 |
2013年 | 127篇 |
2012年 | 63篇 |
2011年 | 119篇 |
2010年 | 102篇 |
2009年 | 108篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 57篇 |
2006年 | 64篇 |
2005年 | 57篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 45篇 |
2002年 | 41篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 8篇 |
1962年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1667条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Roger Guérin Jean-Michel Baltassat Marie Boucher Konstantinos Chalikakis Pierre-Yves Galibert Jean-François Girard Valérie Plagnes Rémi Valois 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(10-11):810-817
In the framework of the management of karstic aquifers, geophysical reconnaissance can be used to locate conduits and caves, and to characterise the surrounding limestone matrix. Suitable characterisation of heterogeneities in the karstic environment is, however, challenging for ground-based geophysical methods. The present article describes the results, and evaluates the response and accuracy of combined geophysical measurements carried out at the Poumeyssen test site in France, involving electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), magnetic resonance sounding (MRS), “mise-à-la-masse” electrical mapping, and seismic tomography. This site provides the opportunity to study a relatively wide, shallow, water-filled conduit whose location and shape are known from topographic work carried out by cave divers. Seismic and MRS provided the exact location and width of the conduit, to within a few meters. The seismic and electrical data suggest that the limestone medium surrounding the conduit is not homogeneous. 相似文献
992.
Gündüz Horasan Aysun Boztepe Güney Ayşegül Küsmezer Feyza Bekler Zafer Öğütçü Nebiye Musaoğlu 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,34(1):90-99
Scientists have proposed two fault systems of different ages in the Sea of Marmara: the Thrace-Eski?ehir Fault Zone of Early Miocene–Early Pliocene age and the North Anatolian Fault Zone of Late Pliocene–Recent age. Different seismicity rates and extensions of these faults onto land near ?stanbul have been suggested. One of the reasons for these differences is the contamination of seismicity catalogs by seismic events from quarries operated in ?stanbul and its vicinity, including Gaziosmanpa?a (Cebeci and Kemerburgaz), Çatalca, Ömerli, Gebze, and Hereke.In this study, we investigated waveforms of 179 seismic events (1.8 < Md < 3.0) from the KOERI, NEMC digital database. We determined differences between earthquakes and quarry blasts based on time- and frequency-domain analyses of their seismograms (amplitude peak ratio, power ratio, and spectral amplitude ratio) and used these differences as discriminants. The results of this study indicate that 15% and 85% of the investigated seismic events are earthquakes and quarry blasts, respectively. 相似文献
993.
The general subject of this paper is subglacial deformation beneath Breiðamerkurjökull, a surging Icelandic glacier. More specifically it discusses the evolution and the role of fluid pressure on the behaviour of subglacial sediments during deformation. During Little Ice Age maximum, the two outcrops studied, North Jökulsarlon (N-Jk) and Brennhola-Alda (BA), were located at 2550 m and 550 m respectively from the front of the Breiðamerkurjökull. Sedimentological analysis at the forefield of the glacier shows thick, coarse glaciofluvial deposits interbedded with thin, fine-grained shallow lacustrine/swamp deposits, overlain by a deformed till unit at N-Jk. BA outcrop shows fine-grained shallow lacustrine/swamp deposits overlain by a deformed till unit. The sequence of deformation events from one outcrop to the other is similar. First, major thrust planes, which were rooted in shallow lacustrine/swamp deposits developed by glacially induced simple shear. Next, the thrusts were folded, indicating the deformation of hydroplastic sediment assisted by moderate fluid pressure. Then clastic dyke swarms crosscut the sedimentary succession, proving that fluid overpressure caused hydrofracturing associated with fluidisation. Finally, as water escaped from the glacier bed, fluid pressure dropped, and normal faulting occurred in brittle-state subglacial sediments. Fluid-pressure variations are related to glacier dynamics. They control the deformation sequence by modifying subglacial rheological behaviour and the nature of the subglacial tectonism. 相似文献
994.
The purpose of this research is to propose a laboratory method based on attrition and sieving for the treatment of runoff water sediments in the aim of developing a pilot unit. The attrition process serves to remove fine particles and pollutants from the surface of coarse stormwater sediment particles. In all cases, the efficiency of pollutant removal is dependent upon various parameters, including cutoff threshold, residence time, solid density, temperature and impeller speed. This article presents the optimization of these various parameters along with method efficiency; for this work, several sediments have been tested. The results indicate that an attrition scrubber may be effectively used to remediate contaminated sediment and that reuse is definitely possible. A model of the method will also be proposed to study the behavior of fine particles and pollutants. 相似文献
995.
Dorothy Z. Oehler Franois Robert Malcolm R. Walter Kenichiro Sugitani Abigail Allwood Anders Meibom Smail Mostefaoui Madeleine Selo Aurlien Thomen Everett K. Gibson 《Precambrian Research》2009,173(1-4):70
NanoSIMS is a relatively new technology that is being applied to ancient carbonaceous structures to gain insight into their biogenicity and syngeneity. NanoSIMS studies of well preserved organic microfossils from the Neoproterozoic (0.8 Ga) Bitter Springs Formation have established elemental distributions in undisputedly biogenic structures. Results demonstrate that sub-micron scale maps of metabolically important elements (carbon [C], nitrogen [measured as CN ion], and sulfur [S]) can be correlated with kerogenous structures identified by optical microscopy. Spatial distributions of C, CN, and S in individual microfossils are nearly identical, and variations in concentrations of these elements parallel one another. In elemental maps, C, CN, and S appear as globules, aligned to form remnant walls or sheaths of fossiliferous structures. The aligned character and parallel variation of C and CN are the strongest indicators of biogenicity.Nitrogen/carbon atomic ratios (N/C) of spheroids, filaments, and remnants of a microbial mat suggest that N/C may reflect original biochemical differences, within samples of the same age and degree of alteration. Silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) maps illustrate that silica is intimately interspersed with organic carbon of the microfossils. This relationship is likely to reflect the process of silica permineralization of biological remains and thus may be an indicator of syngeneity of the fossilized material with the mineral matrix.The NanoSIMS characterization of Bitter Springs microfossils can be used as a baseline for interpreting less well preserved carbonaceous structures that might occur in older or even extraterrestrial materials. An example of such an application is provided by comparison of Bitter Springs results with NanoSIMS of Archaean carbonaceous structures from Western Australia, including a spheroid in the 3 Ga Farrel Quartzite and material in a secondary vein in the 3.43 Ga Strelley Pool Chert. Results reinforce a biogenic, syngenetic interpretation for the Archaean spheroid.NanoSIMS has several advantages in the study of ancient organic materials: the technique allows characterization of extremely small structures that are present in low concentrations; organic matter does not have to be isolated by acid treatment but can be analyzed in polished thin section; preparation is simple; samples are minimally altered during analysis; results provide sub-micron scale spatial distribution coupled with concentration information for at least five elements; the biologically important elements of carbon and nitrogen can be assessed; and the ability to study organic remains in situ permits petrographic assessment of spatial relationships between organic matter and mineral constituents. These advantages could be of significant benefit for interpretation of poorly preserved and fragmentary carbonaceous remains that might occur in some of Earth's oldest samples as well as in meteorites or extraterrestrial material brought to Earth in future planetary missions. 相似文献
996.
Time and space matter: How urban transitions create inequality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An increase in transportation costs impacts the welfare of households living on the outskirts of the city more than the other inhabitants and, in the short term, limited housing supply stops them from moving toward the center. Over a longer period, however, urban adjustments cancel out this inequality: (1) in the center, rent level rises because of higher demand, inducing investment in additional housing and increasing city density; (2) on the outskirts, housing demand decreases until rent level decreases and compensates for higher transportation expenditures. Inertia in housing supply and household re-locations leads, therefore, to the development of spatial inequalities.To investigate this issue, we built a dynamic model that reproduces urban transitions in monocentric cities, and enables quantifying in continuous time their spatialized consequences. Applied to the implementation of a transportation tax, the model suggests that a rapid implementation would induce (i) higher welfare losses than can be inferred from traditional models and (ii) major redistributive effects throughout the city. Finally, the model suggests that an early and progressive implementation is to be preferred to late and aggressive action.These results challenge current assessment methods of climate change stabilization strategies and show that it is essential to take into account urban dynamics and inequalities in the design of climate policy. 相似文献
997.
Emilie Pourtier Jean-Luc Devidal François Gibert 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(6):1872-66
The solubility of synthetic NdPO4 monazite end-member was experimentally determined from 300 up to 800 °C, at 2000 bars in pure water, and in aqueous chloride or phosphate solutions. Both the classical weight-loss method and a new method based on isotope dilution coupled with thermal ionization mass spectrometer were used. In the range of temperature studied monazite showed a prograde solubility from 10−5.4 m at 300 °C up to 10−2.57 m at 800 °C. Experiments in H2O-H3PO4-NaCl-HCl solutions suggested Nd(OH)30 was the major species that was formed at high temperature and pressure. The equilibrium constants (log K) for the reaction:
998.
999.
François Bache Speranta‐Maria Popescu Marina Rabineau Christian Gorini Jean‐Pierre Suc Georges Clauzon Jean‐Louis Olivet Jean‐Loup Rubino Mihaela Carmen Melinte‐Dobrinescu Ferran Estrada Laurent Londeix Rolando Armijo Bertrand Meyer Laurent Jolivet Gwénaël Jouannic Estelle Leroux Daniel Aslanian Antonio Tadeu Dos Reis Ludovic Mocochain Nikola Dumurdžanov Ivan Zagorchev Vesna Lesić Dragana Tomić M. Namık Çağatay Jean‐Pierre Brun Dimitrios Sokoutis Istvan Csato Gülsen Ucarkus Ziyadin Çakır 《Basin Research》2012,24(2):125-153
The Messinian Salinity Crisis is well known to have resulted from a significant drop of the Mediterranean sea level. Considering both onshore and offshore observations, the subsequent reflooding is generally thought to have been very sudden. We present here offshore seismic evidence from the Gulf of Lions and re‐visited onshore data from Italy and Turkey that lead to a new concept of a two‐step reflooding of the Mediterranean Basin after the Messinian Salinity Crisis. The refilling was first moderate and relatively slow accompanied by transgressive ravinement, and later on very rapid, preserving the subaerial Messinian Erosional Surface. The amplitude of these two successive rises of sea level has been estimated at ≤500 m for the first rise and 600–900 m for the second rise. Evaporites from the central Mediterranean basins appear to have been deposited principally at the beginning of the first step of reflooding. After the second step, which preceeded the Zanclean Global Stratotype Section and Point, successive connections with the Paratethyan Dacic Basin, then the Adriatic foredeep, and finally the Euxinian Basin occurred, as a consequence of the continued global rise in sea level. A complex morphology with sills and sub‐basins led to diachronous events such as the so‐called ‘Lago Mare’.This study helps to distinguish events that were synchronous over the entire Mediterranean realm, such as the two‐step reflooding, from those that were more local and diachronous. In addition, the shoreline that marks the transition between these two steps of reflooding in the Provence Basin provides a remarkable palaeogeographical marker for subsidence studies. 相似文献
1000.
Fran?ois Lapointe Pierre Francus Scott F. Lamoureux Meriem Sa?d Stéphanie Cuven 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,48(1):159-173
Annual grain-size variation was measured on the varved (annually laminated) lacustrine sediment from Cape Bounty East Lake using an innovative image analysis system. About 7100 images were acquired using a scanning electron microscope and processed to obtain measurement of particles from 2845 varves. Several particle-size distributions indices were calculated and can be linked to high-energy sedimentary facies. Moreover, the coarse grain size (98th percentile) of these high-energy facies is strongly correlated with summer rainfall (and also summer temperature) of instrumental data from nearby stations. Particle-size distributions show a similar trend through time, especially for the standard deviation and the 98th percentile. Climatic reconstruction suggests that Cape Bounty recently experienced an unprecedented increase of rainfall events since ~AD 1920. On the other hand, changes in varve thickness are weakly correlated with the particle-size distribution. Altogether, these results highlight the need to obtain annual grain-size data to identify a meteorological signal. 相似文献