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41.
Clement Ubelmann Jacques Verron Jean-Michel Brankart Pierre Brasseur Emmanuel Cosme 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(6):867-880
Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are not easily simulated by ocean circulation models primarily because such waves are very sensitive to wind forcing. In this study, we investigate the impact of assimilating sea surface height (SSH) observations on the control of TIWs in an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) context based on a regional model configuration of the tropical Atlantic. A Kalman filtering method with suitable adaptations is found to be successful when altimetric data are assimilated in conjunction with sea surface temperature and some in situ temperature/salinity profiles. In this rather realistic system, the TIW phase is roughly controlled with a single nadir observing satellite. However, a right correction of the TIW structure and amplitude requires at least two nadir observing satellites or a wide swath observing satellite. The significant impact of orbital parameters is also demonstrated: in particular, the Jason or GFO satellite orbits are found to be more suitable than the ENVISAT orbit. More generally, it is found that as soon as adequate sub-sampling exists (with periods of 5–10?days), the length of the repetitivity cycle of orbits does not have a significant impact. 相似文献
42.
A mesocosm experiment coupled with optical measurements to assess the fate and sinking of atmospheric particles in clear oligotrophic waters 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Matthieu Bressac Cécile Guieu David Doxaran Fran?ois Bourrin Grigor Obolensky Jean-Michel Grisoni 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(2):153-164
It has recently been postulated that lithogenic particles such as Saharan dust strongly influence particulate organic carbon
export to the deep ocean by acting as mineral ballast. However, our understanding of the processes involved remains scant.
In the present study, optical measurements were performed to monitor variations in the concentration, composition and size
distribution of particles in suspension within the water column after simulating a Saharan dust event in very clear Mediterranean
waters off Corsica in June 2010. A new methodology set up in large mesocosms proved very successful in this regard. Values
obtained simultaneously from three instruments (WetLabs ECO-BB3, WetLabs ac-9, Sequoia Scientific LISST-100) provided evidence
that (1) part of the Saharan dust pool has a rapid settling velocity (∼24–86 m day−1), (2) particulate export following a dust event is a nonlinear multi-step process and (3) export is controlled in part by
the formation of organic-mineral aggregates. This experimental study provides the first insight of the complex export processes
occurring after a dust event involving both physical and biogeochemical forcings in clear oligotrophic waters. 相似文献
43.
44.
Van?Tri?Nguyen Anh?Minh?TangEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Jean-Michel?Pereira 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(4):729-737
A small-scale pile has been developed in the laboratory to investigate the thermo-mechanical behavior of energy piles subjected to a significant number of thermal cycles. The pile (20 mm external diameter), installed in dry sand, was initially loaded at its head to 0, 20, 40 and 60% of its ultimate bearing capacity (500 N). At the end of each loading step, 30 heating/cooling cycles were applied. The long-term behavior of the pile was observed in terms of head settlement, axial force profile, soil and pile temperature, and stress in soil. The results evidence the irreversible settlement of the pile head induced by thermal cycles under constant load head. In addition, the incremental irreversible settlement that accumulates after each thermal cycle decreases when the number of cycles increases. The evolution of irreversible pile head settlement versus number of cycles can be reasonably predicted by an asymptotic equation. 相似文献
45.
Jean-Michel Lefèvre 《Natural Hazards》2009,49(2):361-370
Long and high swells are dangerous for many islands located in the Tropics because they can generate large breakers and long
run up associated with large set up when reaching the coast. Most of the time those islands do not experience large waves
especially in usually protected areas, for instance, by coral reefs or wind protected. Long waves have the ability to reach
such areas, thanks to wave set up, shoaling and bottom refraction. This article describes an example of such high swell events
and its impact on the islands. The buoy network used by the French National Weather Service and all available satellite observations
related to waves are presented together with numerical sea-state models used to issue early warnings. 相似文献
46.
Christophe Falgures Jean-Jacques Bahain Carlo Tozzi Giovanni Boschian Jean-Michel Dolo Norbert Mercier Hlne Valladas Yuji Yokoyama 《Quaternary Geochronology》2008,3(4):390-398
The Visogliano shelter, in north-eastern Italy, is an important Middle Pleistocene occupation site where human remains were found together with an archaic lithic industry, including choppers, chopping tools and a few protobifaces. It is of utmost importance to try to document this period, when a second wave of settlement colonised Western Europe, carrying new flaking techniques and tools.Combined ESR/U-series analyses, integrated with biostratigraphical and environmental data, define a chronological frame for the layers from which the artefacts were unearthed. The lower levels, including human remains, can be dated to the 350–500 kyr time span, in agreement with micromammal and stratigraphical studies.These data make Visogliano one of the oldest palaeoanthropological sites in Italy, where human remains are directly associated with protobifaces, choppers and chopping tools. In Western Europe, Visogliano is contemporaneous to the G soil of the Arago Cave, France, with which it shares several similarities in faunal assemblages and radiometric data, and which contains human remains also. These data make Visogliano as one of the oldest sites in Europe where the Acheulian culture is observed. 相似文献
47.
Benjamin M. Moreton Jean-Michel Fernandez Mathieu B.D. Dolbecq 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2009,33(2):205-218
An iminodiacetate chelating resin was optimised for the rapid determination of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in seawater. Using inexpensive, high-capacity, reusable cartridges allowed high flow rates of up to 25 ml min−1 . High preconcentration factors, of up to 500, were obtained in order to analyse samples using an ICP-OES. The requirement for a buffer was eliminated due to the high tolerance of the ICP-OES to interfering matrix elements, thereby further reducing the potential for contamination. Quantification limits in seawater were: Co = 6 ng l−1 , Cu = 8 ng l−1 , Fe = 6 ng l−1 , Mn = 5 ng l−1 and Ni = 6 ng l−1 . The method was verified by the analysis of near shore seawater (CASS-4) and open ocean seawater (NASS-5) reference materials. In order to satisfy the high sampling demands using the iminodiacetate cartridges, a portable off-line preconcentration unit was developed for routine analysis. The multi-channel preconcentration unit, was capable of treating up to eight samples simultaneously with concentrating times as little as 30 minutes. The technique was also used to determine dissolved metals in fresh and interstitial waters. The technique has been successfully used in a number of environmental studies and impact assessments to evaluate the effects of mining on the New Caledonian lagoon. 相似文献
48.
Jean-Michel Baey Dominique Renouard Gabriel Chabert D'hieres 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1995,42(11-12)
Experiments were run on a 14 m diameter rotating platform to study the stability conditions for a constant volume flow rate current of intermediate water. The flow was introduced in a two-layer system initially at rest in solid body rotation, along the sidewall of the tank, and allowed freely to evolve. A sink collected the intermediate water and thus ensured that the free surface height was constant. Thus the upstream conditions were the rotation rate, the volume flow rate, the density and the initial width of the intermediate current, which was in geostrophic equilibrium when it left the source; i.e. its thickness along the wall at the source was fixed by this condition. The relevant parameters appear to be the Ekman and the Burger numbers. The data collected from the experiments are very consistent, and it appears that there were five typical flow regimes: (1) a stable current along the whole basin; (2) a series of cyclonic vortices attached to the outer edge of the current, with an upstream stable current; (3) a large cyclonic vortex attached to an anticyclonic instability; (4) dipoles shed from the current into the interior fluid; and (5) generation of lenses of intermediate water, similar to meddies. This last result shows that no topographical effect is required to generate such long-lived lenses, which then drift slowly upstream as the dipoles do. 相似文献
49.
Comparison of wind and wave measurements and models in the Western Mediterranean Sea 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fabrice Ardhuin Luciana Bertotti Jean-Raymond Bidlot Luigi Cavaleri Valentina Filipetto Jean-Michel Lefevre Paul Wittmann 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(3-4):526-541
We have hindcast the wind and wave conditions in the Mediterranean Sea for two one month periods. Four different meteorological models and three different wave models have been used. The results have been compared with satellite and buoy wind and wave observations.Several conclusions concerning both the instruments and the models have been derived. The quality of both wind and wave results has been assessed. Close to the coasts high resolution, nested wave models are required for sufficient reliability.A wave threshold analysis suggests a sufficient reliability only off the coast, with a substantial decrease for low wave heights. 相似文献
50.