Preconditioned Optimizing Utility for Large-dimensional analyses (POpULar)     

Yosuke Fujii 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(1):167-181

I present the derivation of the Preconditioned Optimizing Utility for Large-dimensional analyses (POpULar), which is developed for adopting a non-diagonal background error covariance matrix in nonlinear variational analyses (i.e., analyses employing a non-quadratic cost function). POpULar is based on the idea of a linear preconditioned conjugate gradient method widely adopted in ocean data assimilation systems. POpULar uses the background error covariance matrix as a preconditioner without any decomposition of the matrix. This preconditioning accelerates the convergence. Moreover, the inverse of the matrix is not required. POpULar therefore allows us easily to handle the correlations among deviations of control variables (i.e., the variables which will be analyzed) from their background in nonlinear problems. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of POpULar, we illustrate two effects which are often neglected in studies of ocean data assimilation before. One is the effect of correlations among the deviations of control variables in an adjoint analysis. The other is the nonlinear effect of sea surface dynamic height calculation required when sea surface height observation is employed in a three-dimensional ocean analysis. As the results, these effects are not so small to neglect.  相似文献   

A three-dimensional ocean general circulation model for mesoscale eddies——Ⅱ Diagnostic analysis     

Wang Ji  Moto Ikeda 《海洋学报(英文版)》1997,16(1):29-43

A three-dimensional density field associated with mesoscaie unstable waves generated by the 3-D, primitive-equation model (Wang and Ikeda, 1996) is provided to the quasi-geostrophic pressure tendency and ω-equations, and to the (ageostrophic) Q-vector equation. Diagnostic analyses, analogous to the approaches in meteorology: ω-equation and Q-vector method, are for the first time developed to examine the mesoscaie dynamical processes and mechanisms of the unstable waves propagating in the mid-latitude ocean. The weaknesses and strengths of these two diagnostic approaches are evaluated and compared to the model results. The Q-vector method is then recommended to diagnose the vertical motion associated with the mesoscaie dynamics from a hydrographic CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) array, while the quasi-geostrophic equations produce some small-scale features (errors) in the diagnosed fields.  相似文献   

Summer distribution and geochemical composition of suspended-particulate matter in the east china sea     

Jia-Jang Hung  Chia-Lin Chan  Gong-Ching Gong 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(2):189-202

The distribution and geochemical composition of suspended-particulate matter (SPM) in the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated during the summer period of high continental runoff to elucidate SPM sources, distribution and cross-shelf transport. The spatial variability of SPM distribution (0.3–6.5 mg l⁻¹) and geochemical composition (POC, Al, Si, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg and K) in the ECS was pronounced during summer when the continental fluxes of freshwater and terrestrial materials were highest during the year. Under the influences of Changjiang runoff, Kuroshio intrusion, surface production and bottom resuspension, the distribution generally showed strong gradients decreasing seaward for both biogenic and lithogenic materials. Particulate organic carbon was enriched in surface water (mean ∼18%) due to the influence of biological productivity, and was diluted by resuspended and/or laterally-transported materials in bottom water (mean 9.4%). The abundance of lithogenic elements (Al, Si, Fe, Mn) increased toward the bottom, and the distribution correlations were highly significant. Particulate CaCO₃ distribution provided evidence that the SPM of the bottom water in the northern part of the study area was likely mixed with sediments originally derived from Huanghe. A distinct benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) was present in all seaward transects of the ECS shelf. Sediment resuspension may be caused by tidal fluctuation and other forcing and be regarded as the principal agent in the formation of BNL. This BNL was likely responsible for the transport of biogenic and lithogenic particles across or along the ECS shelf. Total inventories of SPM, POC and PN are 46, 2.8 and 0.4 Tg, respectively, measured over the total area of 0.45 × 10⁶ km² of the ECS shelf. Their mean residence times are about 27, 13 and 11 days, respectively. The inventory of SPM in the water column was higher in the northernmost and southernmost transects and lower in the middle transects, reflecting the influences of terrestrial inputs from Changjiang and/or resuspended materials from Huanghe deposits in the north and perhaps from Minjiang and/or Taiwan’s rivers in the south. The distribution and transport patterns of SPM and geochemical elements strongly indicate that continental sources and cross-shelf transport modulate ECS particulate matter in summer.  相似文献   

Three cletodid copepods of the genera<Emphasis Type="Italic">limnocletodes</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">kollerua</Emphasis> (harpacticoida,cletodidae) from coastal marshes and estuaries in south Korea     

Ji Min Lee  Cheon Young Chang 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(4):255-267

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具有国际先进水平的CTD定标检测设备   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于厚隆  贾肇基 《海洋技术学报》2001,20(1):124-129

在国家863计划的支持下，海洋技术研究成功研制了一套CTD仪器的校准设备，本文介绍了设备的组成，性能，设计经过与SBE设备进行了比较，表明该设备达到了EOCECTD设备的校准要求，同时，该设备是海洋技术研究所开发自有的高度CTD剖面仪的有力工具。  相似文献   

一类非线性二阶常微分方程解的多重性     

朴大雄  贺佳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(6):1039-1044

考虑一类二阶非线性常微分方程的边值问题（p（t）u′）′＋h（t）f（u）=0，0＜t＜1和u（0）=u（1）=0。通过引入f（s）／s在∞与0处的极限值，并运用打靶法和相应的Sturm比较定理得到解的多重性定理，推广有关文献中的许多重要结果。  相似文献   

Co–rich Mn crusts from the Magellan Seamount cluster: the long journey through time     

Geoffrey P. Glasby  Xiangwen Ren  Xuefa Shi  Irina A. Pulyaeva 《Geo-Marine Letters》2007,27(5):315-323

The Magellan seamounts began forming as large submarine shield volcanoes south of the equator during the Cretaceous. These volcanoes formed as a cluster on the small Pacific plate in a period when tectonic stress was absent. Thermal subsidence of the seafloor led to sinking of these volcanoes and the formation of guyots as the seamounts crossed the equatorial South Pacific (10–0°S) sequentially and ocean surface temperatures became too high for calcareous organisms to survive. Guyot formation was completed between about 59 and 45 Ma and the guyots became phosphatized at about 39–34 and 27–21 Ma. Ferromanganese crusts began formation as proto-crusts on the seamounts and guyots of the Magellan Seamount cluster towards the end of the Cretaceous up to 55 Ma after the formation of the seamounts themselves. The chemical composition of these crusts evolved over time in a series of steps in response to changes in global climate and ocean circulation. The great thickness of these crusts (up to 15–20 cm) reflects their very long period of growth. The high Co contents of the outer parts of the crusts are a consequence of the increasing deep circulation of the ocean and the resulting deepening of the oxygen minimum zone with time. Growth of the Co-rich Mn crusts in the Magellan Seamount cluster can be considered to be the culmination of a long journey through time.  相似文献   

Estimating the geostrophic velocity obtained by HF radar observations in the upstream area of the Kuroshio     

Ryoko Tokeshi  Kaoru Ichikawa  Satoshi Fujii  Kenji Sato  Shoichiro Kojima 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):711-720

A method to extract geostrophic current in the daily mean HF radar data in the Kuroshio upstream region is established by comparison with geostrophic velocity determined from the along-track altimetry data. The estimated Ekman current in the HF velocity is 1.2% (1.5%) and 48° (38°)-clockwise rotated with respect to the daily mean wind in (outside) the Kuroshio. Furthermore, additional temporal smoothing is found necessary to remove residual ageostrophic currents such as the inertial oscillation. After removal of the ageostrophic components, the HF geostrophic velocity agrees well with that from the altimetry data with rms difference 0.14 (0.12) m/s in (outside) the Kuroshio.  相似文献   

The origin and biogeochemistry of organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong     

Eun -Ji Won  Hyen -Goo Cho  Kyung -Hoon Shin 《Ocean Science Journal》2007,42(4):223-230

To understand the origin and biogeochemistry of the organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong, organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, labile organic carbon, and residual organic carbon contents as well as stable isotope ratios for carbon and nitrogen were determined by KOBr-KOH treatment. Ratios of organic carbon to organic nitrogen (C_org/N_org) (mean = 24) were much higher than ratios of organic carbon to total nitrogen (C_org/N_tot) (mean=12), indicating the presence of significant amounts of inorganic nitrogen in the surface sediments of both lakes. Stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen were, on average, 5.2‰ heavier than ratios of inorganic nitrogen in Lake Shihwa, but those same ratios were comparable in Lake Hwaong. This might be due to differences in the origin or the degree of degradation of sedimentary organic matter between the two lakes. In addition, stable isotope ratios for labile organic carbon were, on average, 1.4‰ heavier than those for residual organic carbon, reflecting the preferential oxidation of¹³C-enriched organic matter. The present study demonstrates that KOBr-KOH treatment of sedimentary organic matter can provide valuable information for understanding the origin and degradation state of organic matter in marine and brackish sediments. This also suggests that the ratio of C_org/N_org and stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen can be used as indexes of the degree of degradation of organic matter.  相似文献   

焉耆盆地博湖坳陷三工河组层序格架及沉积体系的时空配置关系   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

蔡佳  王华  赵忠新  陈少平 《地质科技情报》2008,27(4)

利用层序地层学、沉积学原理和方法,对博湖坳陷下侏罗统三工河组进行了层序划分和沉积体系时空配置关系的研究.建立了三工河组的层序地层榕架,将其划分为J1s3、J1s2和JJ1s13个三级层序,其层序和体系域的变化主要受控于凹陷内沉降中心的分布,沉积主要受控于盆地边缘的南缘陡坡带、北缘缓坡带.每个三级层序低水位体系域发育局限,湖扩与高水位体系域发育.沉积体系构成以扇三角洲、湖泊和辫状河三角洲为主.在建立沉积体系时空配置关系的基础上探讨了沉积体系的演化.  相似文献