基于CMAQ-MCM模型的长三角地区夏季臭氧和大气氧化性影响的研究     

张浩文  李婧祎  李琳  应琦  胡建林 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(6):686-694

传统的空气质量模型多使用简化的光化学反应机制来模拟大气污染物的形成.这些机制主要基于烟雾箱实验拟合的反应速率和产物来模拟二次产物（如臭氧（O₃））前体物的氧化反应,具有一定的不确定性,导致模拟结果产生偏差.针对该问题,本研究将详细的大气化学机理（MCMv3.3.1）与美国国家环境保护局研制的第三代空气质量预报和评估系统CMAQ相结合（CMAQ-MCM）,模拟研究长三角地区2015年8月27—9月5日臭氧高发时段的空气质量.CMAQ-MCM模型可以较好地模拟长三角地区6个代表城市O₃和其前体物随时间的变化趋势.对模拟的O₃日最大8 h平均浓度的统计分析表明,徐州表现最好（标准平均误差=-0.15,标准平均偏差=0.23）.在长三角地区,居民源对挥发性有机物（VOCs）的贡献最大,占39.08%,其次是交通运输（33.25%）和工业（25.56%）.能源对总VOCs的贡献最小,约为2.11%.对活性氧化氮（NO_y）的分析表明,其主要组分是NO_x（80%）,其次是硝酸（HNO₃）（<10%）.O₃的空间分布与NO_y和NO_x非常相似.HCHO等其他氧化产物的分布与NO_x相似,这很可能是由于在高NO_x条件下VOCs氧化产生的产物.甲基乙烯基酮（MVK）和甲基丙烯醛（MACR）的空间分布与自然源VOCs （BVOCs）非常相似,表明长三角地区MVK和MACR主要由BVOCs氧化生成.长三角地区受到人为源和自然源排放相互作用的影响.  相似文献   

地理国情普查与三调数据的共享探析     

喻欣  张立亭  王建林  杨静雯  朱洪镔 《测绘科学》2021,46(6):150-155,173

针对地理国情普查和全国土地调查数据共享问题,该文以地理国情普查数据为基础,结合第三次全国土地调查数据,对地物的分类指标进行对比分析,建立分类指标间的对应关系.采用空间叠加分析技术,对城市周边地区和山区的图斑所包含的地物类进行空间分布的差异性分析,论证数据间的共享问题以及造成两者差异性的原因.结果 表明,由于地物的分类标准、采集边界等不一,导致数据的图斑难以用准确的比率来表达数据可共享的占比.通过分析可对两份数据进行相互验证及补充,为政府的决策和规划提供科学、准确的数据基础.  相似文献   

篮状菌DYM25胞外产物的初步鉴定及其生物学活性          下载免费PDF全文

罗曼  吴旭东  夏钰华  何建林  唐旭  徐长安 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(4):599-606

本研究以西太平洋雅浦海沟分离得到的篮状菌（Talaromyces sp.）DYM25为实验菌株,通过水饱和正丁醇萃取菌株DYM25的胞外产物,利用生物碱沉淀显色法初步考察胞外产物的种类,进而研究了胞外产物的抗菌、抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,1 L菌株DYM25的发酵液通过水饱和正丁醇萃取旋蒸后可得到约2 g的产物;生物碱显色反应预示着胞外产物中生物碱盐类物质的存在;篮状菌DYM25胞外产物对枯萎病致病菌木贼镰刀菌（Fusarium equiseti）的生长具有显著的抑制作用,是篮状菌作为F. equiseti拮抗菌的首次报道。同时,此胞外产物还具有一定的抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤活性,其抗氧化能力随产物浓度的升高而增强,对人胰腺癌细胞PANC 1的抑制能力也呈现出一定的浓度依赖性。篮状菌DYM25多样的生物活性凸显了其良好的研究价值和应用前景。  相似文献   

Dynamic data-driven railway bridge construction knowledge graph update method     

Jianbo Lai  Jun Zhu  Yukun Guo  Jigang You  Yakun Xie  Jianlin Wu  Ya Hu 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(7):2099-2117

Effectively integrating and correlating multisource data involved in the bridge construction process is crucial for the improvement of the bridge informatization level. In the current issues of dynamic numerous data and low information sharing between different engineering departments, the traditional information management methods are inefficient in providing comprehensive and accurate data support for construction safety. Focusing on the bridge construction stage, this article proposes a dynamic data-driven construction method of railway bridge construction knowledge graph (KG) in combination with dynamic data (materials, personnel, equipment and sensors) in the construction process and KG technology. By taking a railway bridge as a case, the study develops a prototype system and analyzes the effectiveness of bridge construction KG in material traceability, personnel and equipment management and construction safety guidance, which can provide comprehensive and accurate data support for bridge construction management and construction optimization. The results show that: (1) bridge construction KG that takes into account the dynamic features of bridge projects can effectively integrate multiple elements; (2) the bridge construction KG is dynamically updated through real-time comparison and advance prediction based on the dynamic data collected by multi-sensing equipment at the construction site, and can provide effective data support for guiding bridge construction safety; and (3) the construction management prototype system based on railway bridge construction KG can provide accurate data support for material traceability, personnel and equipment management and assisted risk event decision-making. The results of the comparative experiment between the KG group and the spreadsheet group showed that utilizing the KG saved approximately 50% of time and achieved a 20% higher accuracy rate in the material traceability task compared to the spreadsheet group. In general, this study proposes a dynamic data-driven construction method of railway bridge construction KG, which can effectively realize the effective integration and management of multisource data in the bridge construction process, provide the necessary scientific basis for fine bridge management, and help to improve bridge informatization management level.  相似文献