大气折射率起伏对雷达波的散射     

李其琛  吕达仁 《气象学报》1963,33(1):115-125

研究大气折射率起伏对雷达波的散射时,得到的主要結果有以下两点: 1.在适当的大气条件下,折射率起伏构成的后向散射波能够超出一般雷达的灵敏度之上,它的量級正好和雷达观測到的气象“仙波”相同.根据这一結果和其他事实,作者认为起伏的后向散射可能是形成气象“仙波”的重要机制。 2.推导了表示雷达波在折射率有起伏的介貭中传播时,强度随距离变化的方程式,結果发現:一般情况下,散射效应不致引起波的强度的显著变化.但是,当大气折射率起伏的尺度长較小、輻度較大、并且雷达波瓣較窄时,散射效应会引起波瓣的加寬。  相似文献   

Integration of the nuclease protection assay with sandwich hybridization (NPA-SH) for sensitive detection of Heterocapsa triquetra     

PARK Mirye  PARK So Yun  HWANG Jinik  JUNG Seung Won  LEE Juyun  CHANG Man  LEE Taek-Kyun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,(5)

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms that function as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Some species of microalgae undergo rapid growth and cause harmful blooms in marine ecosystems. Heterocapsa triquetra is one of the most common bloom-forming species in estuarine and coastal waters worldwide. Although this species does not produce toxins, unlike some other Heterocapsa species, the high density of its blooms can cause significant ecological damage. We developed a H. triquetra species-specific nuclease protection assay sandwich hybridization(NPA-SH) probe that targets the large subunit of ribosomal RNA(LSU r RNA). We tested probe specificity and sensitivity with five other dinoflagellates that also cause red tides. Our assay detected H.triquetra at a concentration of 1.5×104 cells/m L, more sensitive than required for a red-tide guidance warning by the Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries in 2015(3.0×104 cells/m L). We also used the NPA-SH assay to monitor H. triquetra in the Tongyeong region of the southern sea area of Korea during 2014. This method could detect H.triquetra cells within 3 h. Our assay is useful for monitoring H. triquetra under field conditions.  相似文献   

Incorporation of parameter uncertainty into spatial interpolation using Bayesian trans-Gaussian kriging   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Joon Jin SONG  Soohyun KWON  Gyu Won LEE 《大气科学进展》2015,32(3):413-423

Quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE) plays an important role in meteorological and hydrological applications.Ground-based telemetered rain gauges are widely used to collect precipitation measurements. Spatial interpolation methods are commonly employed to estimate precipitation fields covering non-observed locations. Kriging is a simple and popular geostatistical interpolation method, but it has two known problems: uncertainty underestimation and violation of assumptions.This paper tackles these problems and seeks an optimal spatial interpolation for QPE in order to enhance spatial interpolation through appropriately assessing prediction uncertainty and fulfilling the required assumptions. To this end, several methods are tested: transformation, detrending, multiple spatial correlation functions, and Bayesian kriging. In particular, we focus on a short-term and time-specific rather than a long-term and event-specific analysis. This paper analyzes a stratiform rain event with an embedded convection linked to the passing monsoon front on the 23 August 2012. Data from a total of 100 automatic weather stations are used, and the rainfall intensities are calculated from the difference of 15 minute accumulated rainfall observed every 1 minute. The one-hour average rainfall intensity is then calculated to minimize the measurement random error. Cross-validation is carried out for evaluating the interpolation methods at regional and local levels. As a result,transformation is found to play an important role in improving spatial interpolation and uncertainty assessment, and Bayesian methods generally outperform traditional ones in terms of the criteria.  相似文献   

Morphometrics of Heliolites (Tabulata) from the Late Ordovician, Yushan, Jiangxi, South China     

DAI Mingjian  LIU Lu  LEE Dong-Jin  PENG Yunbiao  MIAO Aisheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(1):38-54

  相似文献   

多变量时间序列滑动窗口异常点的检测     

戴慧  阚建飞  李伟仁  周卫东 《南京气象学院学报》2014,6(6):515-519

针对多变量时间序列(MTS)的异常点的探测问题,提出了采用由粗到细的二次探测方案.基于滑动窗口数据的置信区间,构造了变化趋势值特征和相对变化趋势值特征分别用于二次探测,同时研究了特征的快速提取算法.通过对OPEN3000数据监测系统采集的事故发生前后某市城南变电站各设备表的数据集进行异常点探测,结果表明提出的算法能够快速准确地探测出异常点的位置.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Heavy Rainfall Model Forecasts over the Korean Peninsula Using Different Physical Parameterization Schemes and Horizontal Resolution     

Jeong-Gyun PARK  Dong-Kyou LEE 《大气科学进展》2011,28(6):1233-1245

In this study, the accuracy of a Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (PSU/NCAR MM5) for predicting heavy summer precipitation over the Korean Peninsula was investigated. A total of 1800 simulations were performed using this model for 30 heavy rainfall events employing four cumulus parameterization schemes (CPS), two grid-scale resolvable precipitation schemes (GRS), and two planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes in three model resolutions (90 km, 30 km, and 10 km). The heavy rainfall events were mesoscale convective systems developed under the influence of mid-latitude baroclinic systems with low-level moisture transport from the ocean. The predictive accuracy for maximum rainfall was approximately 80% for 10-km resolution and was 60% for 30-km resolution. The predictive accuracy for rainfall position extended to ～150 km from the observed position for both resolutions. Simulated rainfall was most sensitive to CPS, then to PBL schemes, and then to GRS. In general, the Grell (GR) scheme and the Anthes and Kuo (AK) scheme showed a better prediction capability for heavy rainfall than did the Betts-Miller (BM) scheme and the Kain-Fritsch (KF) scheme. The GR scheme also performed well in the 24-h and 12-h precipitation predictions: the parameterized convective rainfall in GR is directly related to synoptic-scale forcing. The models without CPS performed better for rainfall amounts but worse for rainfall position than those with CPS. The MM5 model demonstrated substantial predictive capacity using synoptic-scale initial conditions and lateral boundary data because heavy summer rainfall in Korea occurs in a strong synoptic-scale environment.  相似文献   

An Examination of ENSO’s Effect on the Monthly and Seasonal Climate of Hong Kong from a Statistical Perspective   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李细明  郑逸樑 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(1):34-50

This study aims to examine the effect of El Nino and La Nina on the monthly and seasonal climate of Hong Kong against the ENSO-neutral situation from a statistical perspective. Monthly and seasonal temperature and rainfall of Hong Kong and monthly number of tropical cyclones (TCs) coming within 500 km of the city over the 59-yr (1950-2008) period are examined under three ENSO situations, namely El Nino, La Nina, and ENSO-neutral. It is found that, compared with the ENSO-neutral situation, El Nino tends...  相似文献   

Effects of an Urban Park and Residential Area on the Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration and Flux in Seoul, Korea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Moon-Soo PARK  Seung Jin JOO  Chang Seok LEE 《大气科学进展》2013,30(2):503-514

The CO₂ concentrations and fluxes over an urban forest site (Namsan) and an urban residential region (Boramae) in Seoul, Korea, during the non-growing season (2–4 March 2011), the growing season (10–12 June 2011), and the late-growing season (22–24 September 2011) were analyzed. The CO₂ concentrations of two sites showed nearly the same diurnal variation, with a maximum value occurring during the night and a minimum value occurring during daytime, as well as the same seasonal variation, with a maximum value during the non-growing season (early spring) and a minimum value during the growing season (summer). The CO₂ flux over the urban forest did not show any typical diurnal variation during the non-growing season, but did show diurnal variation with a small positive value during the night and a large negative value during daytime in the growing and late-growing seasons due to photosynthesis in the urban forest. The CO₂ flux over the urban residential region showed a positive daily mean value for all periods, with large values during the non-growing season and small values during the growing season, and it also showed diurnal variation with two maxima at 0600–1000 LST and 1800–2400 LST, and two minima at 0300-0600 LST and 1100-1500 LST, and was strongly correlated with the use of liquefied natural gas for cooking and heating by surrounding houses.  相似文献   

Effect of implementing ecosystem functional type data in a mesoscale climate model     

Seung-Jae LEE  E. Hugo BERBERY  Domingo ALCARAZ-SEGURA 《大气科学进展》2013,30(5):1373-1386

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of land-surface state representation for southern South America, which is based on "functional" attributes of vegetation, and implement a new land-cover (Ecosystem Functional Type, hereafter EFT) dataset in the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model. We found that the EFT data enabled us to deal with functional attributes of vegetation and time-variant features more easily than the default land-cover data in the WRF. In order to explore the usefulness of the EFT data in simulations of surface and atmospheric variables, numerical simulations of the WRF model, using both the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the EFT data, were conducted over the La Plata Basin in South America for the austral spring of 1998 and compared with observations. Results showed that the model simulations were sensitive to the lower boundary conditions and that the use of the EFT data improved the climate simulation of 2-m temperature and precipitation, implying the need for this type of information to be included in numerical climate models.  相似文献   

Impact of horizontal spatial resolution on the derivation of the source–receptor relationship—an extra-tropical cyclone case     

JAE-BUM LEE  TAE-YOUNG LEE 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2004,56(5):413-425

  相似文献