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Satoru Yamamoto Ryosuke Nakamura Tsuneo Matsunaga Yoshiko Ogawa Yoshiaki Ishihara Tomokatsu Morota Naru Hirata Makiko Ohtake Takahiro Hiroi Yasuhiro Yokota Junichi Haruyama 《Icarus》2012,218(1):331-344
The distribution and the geological context of the olivine-rich exposures in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) Basin on the Moon were investigated based on the spectral data obtained from the Spectral Profiler (SP) and Multiband Imager (MI) onboard the Japanese lunar explorer Kaguya/SELENE. The olivine-rich exposures are found only in the peak rings or central peaks of the Schrödinger basin and Zeeman crater, which are located in the outer region of the SPA Basin and not in the center region. On a localized scale, the olivine-rich materials are exposed on landslide features on the crater walls or sloped wall of the central peaks or the peak rings. Another observational finding is the co-existence of olivine-rich and plagioclase-rich materials on a kilometer scale spanning most of the olivine-rich sites in the Schrödinger basin. Pyroxene-rich materials are found in fresh craters outside the peak rings or the central peaks with olivine-rich materials. Based on these results, the following scenario are proposed: (1) the impact to form the SPA Basin melted a large amount of the lunar upper mantle and crust, and distributed the melted materials to the outer region; (2) local differentiation of melted materials hid the olivine-rich materials in the center region of the SPA Basin; (3) later impacts that formed the Schrödinger and Zeeman craters excavated and exposed the olivine-rich materials to the surface again; and (4) space weathering and regolith gardening obscured the olivine-rich spectra at the exposure sites, but recent, small scale impacts or landslides on the sloped wall exposed fresh olivine-rich materials, allowing the identification of the olivine-rich exposures by spectral remote-sensing. This suggests that several, different scale events play an important role in forming the surface distributions of originally deep-seated materials on the Moon, as well as on other planetary bodies. 相似文献
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Koichiro Doi Hideaki Hayakawa Takahito Kazama Toshihiro Higashi Shingo Osono Yoichi Fukuda Jun Nishijima Yuichi Aoyama Junichi Ueda 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(4):339-343
Abstract This paper reports the results of field-based absolute gravity measurements aimed at detecting gravity change and crustal displacement caused by glacial isostatic adjustment. The project was initiated within the framework of the 53rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition （JARE53）. Absolute gravity measurements, together with GPS measurements, were planned at several outcrops along the Prince Olav Coast and S6ya Coast of East Antarctica, including at Syowa Station. Since the icebreaker Shirase （AGB 5003） was unable to moor alongside Syowa Station, operations were somewhat restricted during JARE53. However, despite this setback, we were able to complete measurements at two sites： Syowa Station and Langhovde. The absolute gravity value at the Syowa Station IAGBN （A） site, observed using an FG-5 absolute gravimeter （serial number 210; FG-5 #210）, was 982 524 322.7＋0.1 ktGal, and the gravity change rate at the beginning of 2012 was -0.26 gGal.a-1. An absolute gravity value of 982 535 584.2~0.7 ktGal was obtained using a portable A-10 absolute gravimeter （serial number 017; A-10 #017） at the newly located site AGS01 in Langhovde. 相似文献
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We present a Hamiltonian particle method (HPM) with a staggered particle technique for simulating seismic wave propagation. In the conventional HPM, physical variables, such as particle displacement and stress, are defined at the center, i.e., at the same position, of each particle. As most seismic simulations using finite difference methods (FDM) are practiced with staggered grid techniques, we know the staggered alignment of space variables could improve the numerical accuracy. In the present study, we hypothesized that staggered technique could improve the numerical accuracy also in the HPM and tested the hypothesis. First, we conducted a plane wave analysis for the HPM with the staggered particles in order to verify the validity of our strategy. The comparison of grid dispersion in our strategy with that in the conventional one suggests that the accuracy would be improved dramatically by use of the staggered technique. It is also observed that the dispersion of waves is dependent on the propagation direction due to the difference in the average spacing of the neighboring two particles for the same parameters, as is usually observed in FDM with a rotated staggered grid. Next, we compared the results from the conventional Lamb’s problem using our HPM with those from an analytical approach in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the staggered particle technique. Our results showed better agreement with the analytical solutions than those from HPM without the staggered particles. We conclude that the staggered particle technique would be a method to improve the calculation accuracy in the simulation of seismic wave propagation. 相似文献
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Tomokatsu Morota Junichi Haruyama Hideaki Miyamoto Chikatoshi Honda Makiko Ohtake Yasuhiro Yokota Tsuneo Matsunaga Naru Hirata Hirohide Demura Hiroshi Takeda Yoshiko Ogawa Jun Kimura 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2009,44(8):1115-1120
Abstract— Using the Terrain Camera onboard the Japanese lunar explorer, SELENE (Kaguya), we obtained new high‐resolution images of the 22‐kilometer‐diameter lunar crater Giordano Bruno. Based on crater size‐frequency measurements of small craters (<200 m in diameter) superposed on its continuous ejecta, the formation age of Giordano Bruno is estimated to be 1 to 10 Ma. This is constructive evidence against the crater's medieval age formation hypothesis. 相似文献
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Junichi Nakajima Yusuke Tsuji Akira Hasegawa Saeko Kita Tomomi Okada Toru Matsuzawa 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):470-481
We estimate detailed three-dimensional seismic velocity structures in the subducting Pacific slab beneath Hokkaido, Japan, using a large number of arrival-time data from 6902 local earthquakes. A remarkable low-velocity layer with a thickness of ~ 10 km is imaged at the uppermost part of the slab and is interpreted as hydrated oceanic crust. The layer gradually disappears at depths of 70–80 km, suggesting the breakdown of hydrous minerals there. We find prominent low-velocity anomalies along the lower plane of the double seismic zone and above the aftershock area of the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake (M7.8). Since seismic velocities of unmetamorphosed peridotite are much higher than the observations, hydrous minerals are expected to exist in the lower plane as well as the hypocentral area of the 1993 earthquake. On the other hand, regions between the upper and lower planes, where seismic activity is not so high compared to the both planes, show relatively high velocities comparable to those of unmetamorphosed peridotite. Our observations suggest that intermediate-depth earthquakes occur mainly in regions with hydrous minerals, which support dehydration embrittlement hypothesis as a cause of earthquake in the subducting slab. 相似文献
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Izu-Bonin arc subduction under the Honshu island, Japan: Evidence from geological and seismological aspect 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Shinji Yamamoto Junichi Nakajima Akira Hasegawa Shigenori Maruyama 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):572-580
The Izu-Bonin intra-oceanic arc with 20–35 km thick continental crust is being subducted under the Honshu, presumably since 17 Ma. Tomographic image clearly demonstrates that the whole Izu-Bonin arc is subducting under the Honshu arc. Geologic cross section and the thickness of continental crust do not support the accretion of thick crust in spite of the continued subduction over 17 Ma. 相似文献
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富铌玄武岩是硅过饱和,富Ｎａ2Ｏ,ＴｉＯ2,Ｐ2Ｏ5,同时富集高场强元素的一类岛弧玄武岩,这类玄武岩的ｗ(Ｎｂ)>7×10-6,(ｗ(Ｌａ)/ｗ(Ｎｂ))ＭＮ<2。它是由来源于70100ｋｍ深处、受ａｄａｋｉｔｅ熔体交代过的地幔楔橄榄岩部分熔融形成的,是大洋板块俯冲作用的产物。目前发现的富铌玄武岩大多分布在环太平洋新生代岛弧环境,与洋壳俯冲作用密切相关[1 5]。本研究在准噶尔板块东北缘富蕴县的索尔库都克附近首次发现了富铌玄武岩。它产于下泥盆统托让格库都克组中、上部。该地层自下而上的岩石组合为:玄武岩 火山凝灰角砾岩 火山集块岩 含… 相似文献
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The aculeate and isopteran fauna was surveyed in 1982 on the Krakatau islands, all the biota of which had been exterminated by the great eruption in 1883.The pattern of colonization of these insects (wasps, bees and termites) and the present state of their faunas are discussed based upon our 1982 survey and those made earlier. Species numbers varied only slightly between the four islands in spite of their differing sizes. This may be because the islands are situated close to each other and most of the aculeates prefer open sites rather than forests.The species/time curve for the Aculeata as a whole was still rising in 1982. However, in some groups flattening of the curve had occurred, and a comparison of species number in social wasps and bees, for example, between Java, Krakatau and Sumatra suggested the occurrence of supersaturation. Cumulative species numbers was distinctly larger than actual number in the three most recent surveys showing that several species must have become extinct in each intersurvey period. Species turnover associated with habitat changes may have occurred for the whole island group and on particular islands.Analysis of the colour pattern of the Krakatau populations of certain species with different geographical races on Java and Sumatra showed that the Javan elements have a slight preponderance over the Sumatran ones on the Krakataus.Some examples of faunal disharmony were found; the most remarkable was the almost complete lack of species of swarm-founding social wasps and bees, and of ground-nesting termites probably reflecting their poor dispersal ability across the sea barrier. 相似文献