中新世以来我国季风-干旱环境演化与青藏高原的生长^*   总被引：20，自引：38，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

安芷生  张培震  王二七  王苏民  强小科  李力  宋友桂  常宏  刘晓东  周卫健  刘卫国  曹军骥  李小强  沈吉  刘禹  艾莉 《第四纪研究》2006,26(5):678-693

根据中国北方地质、生物和构造记录与南海及全球记录的对比研究, 讨论了中国中新世以来季风-干旱环境与青藏高原阶段性生长耦合演化的关系。研究认为, 在研究季风环境的同时, 应加强我国季风-干旱环境整体系统变迁及其动力学的研究。  相似文献   

Kuroko and Hydrocarbon Deposits from Northern Honshu,Japan: A Possible Common Hydrothermal/Magmatic Origin?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Geoffrey P. Glasby    Toshiro Yamanaka  Junji Yamamoto    Hiroshi Sato  Kenji Notsu 《Resource Geology》2004,54(4):413-424

Abstract. Northern Honshu is the most important area for mineral and oil resources in Japan. Many kuroko deposits and oil and gas fields are distributed in two belts along the northeast Japan arc, the kuroko metal‐belt on the Pacific side and the oil‐belt on the Sea of Japan side. The kuroko deposits are located mainly in the Green Tuff strata which formed as a result of submarine vol‐canism during the late Miocene and Pliocene. Most of the source rocks of the oil and gas deposits formed at the same time as the kuroko deposits and some of them are located in reservoirs of hydrothermally‐altered volcanic rocks in the Green Tuff region. There is general agreement that the kuroko deposits formed as a result of submarine hydrothermal and magmatic activity whereas almost all petroleum geologists and geochemists consider that hydrocarbon deposits were generated independently of such activity. Since the discovery of hydrothermally‐generated petroleum in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, however, it is clear that petroleum can be formed almost instantaneously in terrestrial and submarine hydrothermal areas. The paleo‐northeastern Sea of Japan is therefore considered to be a potential area for hydrothermal petroleum generation because thick organic‐rich sediments overlie an active submarine volcanic area. Several lines of geological and geochemical evidence suggest the possibility of hydrothermally‐enhanced maturation of organic matter and the contribution of magmatic activity to the formation of these deposits. Although most of the oil and gas in northern Honshu has been generated conventionally as a consequence of the high geothermal gradients there, it appears that some of the oil and gas fields may have formed as a result of extensive hydrothermal and magmatic activity during the late Miocene to Pliocene. Because of the much steeper angle of the faults in the vicinity of the Hokuroku basin than in the Akita basin, the magmatic contribution to the kuroko mineralization would have been far greater than to the oil and gas deposits of the Niigata and Akita basins. We therefore propose a strong relationship between metal and oil and gas generation in northern Honshu based on the structure and tectonics of the northern Honshu arc‐backarc system.  相似文献   

Depolymerized pyribole structures derived from talc by heating     

Hiromi Konishi  Junji Akai 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1991,17(7):569-582

Talc specimens heated to 700–1450° C were examined with an analytical high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Neither the amphibole-like structure nor the MPP structure (M = mica, P = pyroxene-layer), proposed by Avgustinik and Vigdergauz (1948) and Sueno et al. (1980), was found. On the contrary, a disordered pyribole structure was observed. This pyribole showed a structure disordered in terms of chain widths, with single and double chains predominant. A local MPP structure with 4–6 repeated units of (21) sequence was generally observed in a disordered region. The electron diffraction data were consistent with maximum symmetry A2/m for the proto-MPP structure. A HRTEM study of the fine structures associated with the depolymerization of talc was the basis of a structural model proposed for the depolymerization of biopyriboles. In this model, a pair of (010) faults with a displacement of 1/2 (a+c) took an important role. The acceptor and donor regions model was also discussed.  相似文献   

Biogeochemical characterization of bacterial assemblages in relation to release of arsenic from South East Asia (Bangladesh) sediments     

J. Akai  A. Kanekiyo  N. Hishida  M. Ogawa  T. Naganuma  H. Fukuhara  H.N. Anawar 《Applied Geochemistry》2008

Arsenic release experiments using natural indigenous microbial assemblages and natural sediment samples in Bangladesh have been performed. The As release appears to be facilitated by moderate organic input. Addition of some nutrients caused reducing conditions, which may generate the appropriate environment for Fe-reducing bacteria to become active. Detailed cellular phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis suggests the presence of SO₄-reducing and Fe-reducing bacteria in the sediments. These Fe-reducing bacteria may serve as the agents catalyzing As release in the organic-rich sediments. 16S rDNA analysis of one cultured sample suggests the presence of clostridia, some of which are known to mediate Fe reduction. Based on new PLFA analyses, it is proposed that combined microbial processes of SO₄ reduction to generate anaerobic conditions and Fe reduction to co-reduce As are important biogeochemical factors for As release in the Bangladesh sediments.  相似文献   

内蒙古苏尼特地下水氟污染形成机理研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

李海霞  罗汉金  赤井纯治  金井章雄  寺崎紘一  横井英纪  吉村尚久 《水文地质工程地质》2008,35(6):107-111

为了研究内蒙古苏尼特地区地下水氟污染机理,本文运用水文地球化学分类方法,从水文地质、水化学特征两方面研究其地下水的水质特征、氟的起源、分布规律及污染形成机理。研究结果发现:高氟地下水的主要水质类型为HCO3—Na型,pH值在7.08～9.38之间,氟浓度与井深有关,即井越浅,氟浓度越高;地下水中氟浓度最高达14.78mg/L,5～9月地下水氟浓度相对增长率在7.8～23.1之间;F-浓度与Li+、Br-相关系数达0.89和0.82,受断层影响的深层地下水中F-浓度几乎与Li+、Br-没有相关关系,这暗示着氟来源于浅部,并受到强烈的蒸发作用影响而使水中的氟浓缩;地质调查发现该地区还有数个萤石矿存在,显微镜分析结果证实表层土壤中普遍存在CaF2,地下水中的氟来自CaF2。高氟地下水存在于潜水层,深部含水层的地下水可供开采。从断层带涌出的水对潜水层有稀释作用。  相似文献   

Particulate-associated potentially harmful elements in urban road dusts in Xi’an,China     

Yongming Han  Junji Cao  Eric S. Posmentier  Kochy Fung  Hui Tian  Zhisheng An 《Applied Geochemistry》2008

Sixty five urban road dust samples were collected from different land use areas of ∼240 km² in Xi’an, China. The concentrations of Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb and Zn were determined to investigate potentially harmful element (PHE) contamination, distribution and possible sources. In addition, the concentrations in different size fractions were measured to assess their potential impact on human health. The highest concentrations were found in the fraction with particle diameters between 80 μm and 101 μm, the finest particles (<63 μm) were not the most important carriers for Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. The percentages of these elements in particles with diameters less than 63 μm (PM₆₃) and less than 101 μm (PM₁₀₁) were in the range of 7–15%, and 30–55%, respectively. Three main factors influencing element distributions have been identified: (a) industrial activities; (b) prior agricultural land use; and (c) other activities commonly found in urban areas, such as traffic, coal combustion, waste dumping, and building construction/renovation. The highest concentrations were found in industrial areas for As (20 mg kg⁻¹), Cr (853 mg kg⁻¹), Cu (1071 mg kg⁻¹), Pb (3060 mg kg⁻¹) and Zn (2112 mg kg⁻¹), and in previous agricultural areas for Ag and Hg, indicating significant contributions from industrial activities and prior agricultural activities.  相似文献   

A Eulerian-Eulerian Physical-Biological Impact Model of Zooplankton Injury Due to CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Ocean Sequestration     

Baixin Chen  Yongchen Song  Masahiro Nishio  Makoto Akai 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(4):797-805

To study the biological impacts of CO₂ ocean sequestration on floating marine organisms, a full Eulerian-Eulerian scheme model has been developed in a large-eddy simulation (LES) version using one-way coupling of the equations of seawater flow to the transport equations of the bio-scalar variables. Special attention was paid to deriving the transport equation, involving non-conservative scalars to describe the degree of injury to floating organisms due to the change in the pH environment resulting from CO₂ dissolution. The source terms of the transport equations of bio-scalar variables are based on experimental data on zooplankton activities affected by lower pH seawater, allowing construction of empirical sub-models of three kinds of floating marine organisms: Gaidius variabilis, Paraeuchaeta Birostrata, and Multi-organisms. An example is given to show the applicability of the model to the assessment of the biological impact of CO₂ sequestration in the ocean. Given an initial CO₂ droplet diameter of 8.0 mm and an injection rate of 1.0 kg/sec, the model simulation predicts that the zooplanktons lose approximately 90% of their activity when the lowest pH inside the plume decreases from 7.57 to 5.61. These injured zooplanktons then recovered gradually to their normal state within two hours due to dilution of the plume. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Direct ascent to the surface of asthenospheric magma in a region of convex lithospheric flexure     

Yuki Sato  Naoto Hirano  Shiki Machida  Junji Yamamoto  Masao Nakanishi  Teruaki Ishii 《International Geology Review》2018,60(10):1231-1243

The stress field of oceanic lithosphere controls the distribution of submarine petit-spot volcanoes. However, the eruption sites of these petit-spot volcanoes are considered to be limited to concavely flexed regions of lithosphere off the outer rise. Here, we present new data for a recently identified petit-spot lava field on a convexly flexed section of the lithosphere adjacent to the subduction zone offshore of northeast Japan in an area containing more than 80 volcanoes. This area is marked by strongly alkaline lavas that were erupted on the convexly flexed region. As for the concavely flexed region where the petit-spots previously reported, the base of the lithosphere beneath the eruption sites is under extension, whereas the upper part of the lithosphere is under compression. This change in the stress field, from the lower to upper lithosphere, causes ascending dikes to stall in the mid-lithosphere, leading to metasomatic interaction with the surrounding peridotite. The new geochemical data of rocks and xenocrysts presented in this study indicate that strongly alkaline magmas erupted on the convexly flexed region would have ascended more rapidly through the mid-depth of lithosphere because of the extensional regime of the upper lithosphere and decreasing the degree of metasomatic reaction with the surrounding mantle peridotite. The results indicate that the degree of metasomatism and the compositional variations of petit-spot magmas are controlled mainly by the stress field of the lithosphere.  相似文献   

伊姆裸甲藻溶藻菌LD-B3的分离鉴定及溶藻作用          下载免费PDF全文

李俊佳  陈磊  王君玥  蔡月凤  申欣  姬南京 《应用海洋学学报》2024,43(1):192-200

近年来,有害藻华频繁发生给海洋生态系统甚至人类健康带来严重影响。伊姆裸甲藻（Gymnodinium impudicum）是一种典型有害藻华原因种,开展其溶藻菌筛选工作,将有利于该种藻华的防控研究。本研究从伊姆裸甲藻藻华发生海域,分离一株针对藻华原因种的溶藻菌LD B3,16S rDNA序列分析表明,该菌株属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）。菌藻共培养结果显示,2.0%终浓度LD B3菌液添加72 h后,伊姆裸甲藻溶藻率达81.06%,且溶藻效应呈现浓度和时间依赖性。显微观察和生理参数测定结果表明,菌株LD B3可导致伊姆裸甲藻细胞链断裂,最大光合效率（Fv/Fm）下降。溶藻方式研究发现,菌株LD B3主要通过分泌胞外物质实现溶藻,且这类物质对温度较为敏感,初步推断其可能为蛋白类物质。本研究结果表明菌株LD B3在伊姆裸甲藻溶藻剂开发方面有一定应用前景。  相似文献   

Mass Concentration and Mineralogical Characteristics Aerosol Particles Collected at Dunhuang During ACE-Asia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SHEN Zhenxing  CAO Junji  LI Xuxiang  Tomoaki OKUDA  WANG Yaqiang  ZHANG Xiaoye 《大气科学进展》2006,23(2)

Measurements were performed in spring 2001 and 2002 to determine the characteristics of soil dust in the Chinese desert region of Dunhuang, one of the ground sites of the Asia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). The mean mass concentrations of total suspended particle matter during the spring of 2001 and 2002 were 317 μg m-3 and 307 μg m-3, respectively. Eleven dust storm events were observed with a mean aerosol concentration of 1095 μg m-3, while the non-dusty days with calm or weak wind speed had a background aerosol loading of 196 μg m-3 on average in the springtime.The main minerals detected in the aerosol samples by X-ray diffraction were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, quartz,feldspar, calcite and dolomite. Gypsum, halite and amphibole were also detected in a few samples. The mineralogical data also show that Asian dust is characterized by a kaolinite to chlorite (K/C) ratio lower than 1 whereas Saharan dust exhibits a K/C ratio larger than 2. Air mass back-trajectory analysis show that three families of pathways are associated with the aerosol particle transport to Dunhuang, but these have similar K/C ratios, which further demonstrates that the mineralogical characteristics of Asian dust are different from African dust.  相似文献