2000-2014年祁连山西段老虎沟12号冰川高程变化   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

张其兵  康世昌  王晶 《冰川冻土》2017,39(4):733-740

祁连山冰川自1990s以来持续萎缩,冰川融水径流变化对邻近的干旱区水资源产生重要影响。以往遥感与实测研究显示祁连山西段老虎沟12号冰川面积减少、末端退缩、运动速度降低及平衡线高度升高。为了进一步验证老虎沟12号冰川变化规律,利用高分辨率TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X微波影像数据,与SRTM-C DEM进行差分干涉,得出老虎沟12号冰川2000-2014年高程年平均变化值为（-0.29±0.09）m·a^-1。为了验证遥感观测结果,利用RTK-GPS对老虎沟12号冰川表面进行测高,并与SRTM-C DEM上相应点的高程值进行比较,计算测量点的高程年变化值,结果显示两种方法获得的年平均变化值之间具有很好的正相关性,表明利用TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X微波影像数据及差分干涉技术监测祁连山冰川高程变化具有较好的可行性。  相似文献   

Mechanical Properties and Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Surrounding Rocks of Tunnels Excavated in Soft Rocks     

Lei Han  Yanyan Zuo  Zeng Guo  Limin Zhang  Xiangmin Chen  Jiayan Mao 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(6):2789-2801

As soft rocks are likely to soften, slime and swell while contacting water, the existence of soft rocks is harmful for stability of surrounding rocks and supporting structures of tunnels. Through uniaxial and triaxial tests under dry condition and triaxial test with different moisture contents, the mechanical properties and failure modes of soft rocks were studied under conditions that the schistosity plane of the rock samples was vertical to, presented an oblique angle with, and paralleled to the loading direction. The results showed that peak strengths in natural and water-bearing states increased with increasing confining pressures, while those in water-bearing state were 40% lower than those in natural state. The samples were mainly subjected to ductile failure in both natural and water-bearing states while the samples in natural state exhibited a certain brittle failure characteristic in post-peak phase. With the increase of confining pressures, the post-peak curve gradually became gentle after certain brittle failure while the post-peak stresses had an insignificant change. In comparison, the samples in water-bearing state showed significant post-peak disparity, that is, exhibited strong ductile failure characteristic. Moreover, the fitting relationship between triaxial compressive strength and moisture of soft rocks can be expresses as σ ₁ = Aω + B (A < 0, B > 0) while that between elasticity modulus and moisture can be expresses as E = Aω + B (A < 0, B > 0).  相似文献   

西秦岭双朋西矽卡岩型金铜矿床花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石成因和构造意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

路英川  刘家军  张栋  王大钊  孙昊  王斌  张文华  康建坤 《岩石学报》2017,33(2):545-564

青海双朋西矽卡岩型金-铜矿床位于西秦岭造山带同仁-泽库弧后前陆盆地,区域出露地层主要为下二叠统甘家组、下三叠统隆务河群的沉积岩系。矿区侵入岩主要为花岗闪长岩,金矿体赋存于花岗闪长岩体与甘家组大理岩、白云岩接触带的矽卡岩中。本文对双朋西花岗闪长岩体开展了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,结果表明,双朋西花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为233.9±2.8Ma,具有高SiO_2、高K_2O,低Al_2O_3和MgO含量的特征,Mg~#值为33.6~35.2,富集轻稀土元素((La/Sm)N=3.14~11.6)与大离子亲石元素,重稀土元素分布平坦((Gd/Yb)N=1.17~1.63),具有中等的Eu负异常。具有较高的Sr初始值(Isr=0.708299~0.708748)和相对较低的εNd(t)值(-12.6~-9.47),~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb比值分别为18.623~18.965、15.610~15.652和39.124~40.732。Nb/Ta(5.5~12.9)、Ce/Pb比值(3.0~11.6)均与地壳组份一致,岩体中的暗色微粒包体具有岩浆混合的组构特征。因此,双朋西花岗闪长岩主要起源于下地壳高钾性玄武岩的部分熔融,并发生壳幔岩浆混合作用。对双朋西花岗闪长岩体及区内一系列侵入岩构造环境研究表明,西秦岭构造带在中三叠世处于由洋壳俯冲向陆陆碰撞转换阶段,俯冲板片的折返和断离引发地幔软流圈上涌,加热上覆下地壳发生部分熔融,产生长英质岩浆,形成大量中酸性岩体。  相似文献   

内蒙古西山湾羊场火山岩银矿床流体包裹体研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

康明  王璐阳  朱雪峰  陈宇  刘孝峰  岳长成 《岩石学报》2017,33(1):148-162

西山湾羊场火山岩银矿床位于内蒙古中西部,大地构造位置处于华北地台西北部。银矿体上盘围岩为二叠纪黑云母二长花岗岩,下盘围岩为寒武纪英云闪长岩,矿体呈透镜状或似层状产出于下白垩统白女羊盘组及其与上下盘的接触带,赋矿岩石主要为具硅化、褐铁矿化的碎裂流纹岩、流纹斑岩。矿石结构主要有自形-半自形粒状结构、他形粒状结构、交代残余结构、碎裂结构等;矿石构造主要有角砾状构造、浸染状构造、脉状构造、块状构造等。主要矿化现象为褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、萤石矿化,局部见铅锌矿化。矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、辉银矿、螺状硫银矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿等,矿物生成顺序:黄铁矿-闪锌矿(黄铜矿)-方铅矿-赤铁矿-辉银矿。根据矿物间的相互交代关系,将矿化过程分为早、中、晚三个阶段,分别为石英-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐组合为标志,特征性围岩蚀变主要为褐铁矿化、硅化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等。脉石矿物主要有石英、蛋白石、玉髓、萤石、钾长石及少量绢云母等。矿石的石英中主要可见气液两相水溶液包裹体,还可见少量含石盐子晶三相包裹体,偶尔可见含硫化物子晶多相包裹体。早阶段流体包裹体均一温度大于330℃,盐度0.35%~5.86%NaCleqv,主要发育气液两相的水溶液包裹体,为高温、低盐度流体特征;中阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在250~330℃,盐度为0.35%~31.90%NaCleqv,除水溶液包裹体外,还可见含石盐子晶三相包裹体和含硫化物子晶多相包裹体,以低盐度的水溶液包裹体和高盐度的含子矿物多相包裹体并存为特征;晚阶段流体包裹体均一温度集中在169~250℃,盐度0.71%~32.66%NaCleqv,除水溶液包裹体外,还可见含石盐子晶三相包裹体,以低盐度的水溶液包裹体和高盐度的含石盐子矿物包裹体并存为特征。中阶段的含硫化物子矿物多相高盐度流体包裹体是"岩浆二次沸腾"形成的,晚阶段的含石盐子矿物高盐度流体包裹体是直接从结晶的熔体中出溶的,流体混合是该矿床的可能成矿机制,金属沉淀主要是因含金属高盐度流体与冷的地下水在矿石沉淀部位混合而最终沉淀富集成矿。  相似文献   

内蒙古渣尔泰地区中生代火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境分析     

康明  岳长成  刘孝峰  陈宇  高超  原烨 《岩石学报》2017,33(6):1686-1704

内蒙古渣尔泰地区处于华北地台西北部,其分布的中生代火山岩划分为两大类,形成于两个喷发旋回。早白垩世早期喷发旋回以中基性火山岩为主,沿近东西向的深大断裂呈北东东向裂隙式喷发;晚期喷发旋回以酸性火山岩为主,沿近南北向断裂带呈裂隙-中心式喷发。中基性火山岩主要为橄榄玄武粗安岩和安粗岩,其SiO_2介于49.65%~56.64%;酸性火山岩包括次火山岩、火山碎屑岩、火山熔岩,其Si O2介于73.18%~83.82%;两者组成典型的宽双峰火山岩。中基性火山岩富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=6.70%~7.47%)、高Ti(TiO_2=2.29%~3.55%)、Fe,相对贫Ca、Mg,富含大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb、Ba),轻稀土相对富集,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,LREE/HREE=4.50~6.47,(La/Yb)N=4.17~8.85,具微弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.67~0.96),具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征,其岩浆来源于交代富集的软流圈地幔,岩浆上升过程中地壳组分混染较少。酸性火山岩富Si、高K,贫Ca、Mg、Fe、Ti,富含大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb、Th、U)和高场强元素(HFSE)(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf),富集轻稀土,LREE/HREE=2.91~14.3,轻、重稀土分馏明显,(La/Yb)N=2.53~28.4,(La/Sm)N=1.16~4.57,(Gd/Yb)N=1.22~5.04,负Eu异常明显(δEu=0.02~0.25),具有A型流纹岩的特征,为幔源岩浆底侵,使上覆的先存地壳岩石发生部分熔融的产物。结合区域地质背景,认为研究区双峰式火山岩形成于西伯利亚板块与华北板块碰撞造山期后陆内拉张的构造环境。  相似文献   

东喜马拉雅构造结石榴角闪岩变质作用P-T-t轨迹:相平衡模拟与锆石年代学   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

田作林  康东艳  穆虹辰 《岩石学报》2017,33(8):2467-2478

东喜马拉雅构造结南迦巴瓦杂岩由多种类型的高级变质岩组成,包括片岩、片麻岩、大理岩、石榴角闪岩和基性麻粒岩。石榴角闪岩呈透镜状产出在片麻岩中,可见不连续分布的规模不等的浅色体。石榴角闪岩由石榴石、角闪石、黑云母、斜长石、石英、金红石、钛铁矿和榍石组成,石榴石变斑晶可见由浅色矿物组成的"白眼圈"。岩相学、矿物化学和相平衡模拟表明石榴角闪岩经历了一条顺时针型的P-T演化轨迹,可划分为两个阶段:(Ⅰ)升温升压的进变质阶段,由石榴石和斜长石斑晶记录,峰期矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+黑云母+斜长石+石英+金红石+钛铁矿。运用石榴石变斑晶边部和斜长石变斑晶边部成分在视剖面图上的投点确定出峰期温压条件为~11.5kbar、790℃,达到了高压麻粒岩相条件,并经历了部分熔融,产生至少9%的熔体;(Ⅱ)降温降压的退变质阶段,由石榴石边部"白眼圈"冠状体记录。运用平均温压法计算冠状体中黑云母+斜长石+角闪石+石榴石组合的形成温压条件为~7kbar、~750℃。该阶段金红石消失,熔体结晶,并与早期矿物发生回反应。在石榴石角闪岩的锆石中获得了从29.2Ma到10.2Ma的连续变质年龄。由于锆石通常在熔体结晶过程中生长,因此确定该组年龄代表石榴石角闪岩退变质年龄。本文和以前的研究结果表明,南迦巴瓦杂岩中的高温和中温麻粒岩相亚单元具有相似的降温降压P-T轨迹,但高温单元具有较高的变质压力条件,表明其俯冲到了更大的深度。  相似文献   

利用小震震源机制解研究太行山断裂带东南缘地区构造应力场     

莘海亮  刘明军  康敏  王冲 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(3):230-233

利用P波初动和垂直向记录Pg、Sg振幅比方法,计算得到在太行山断裂带东南缘地区68个中小地震的震源机制解。通过统计方法、系统聚类分析方法分析震源机制解参数,并利用力轴张量计算方法求取区域平均应力场。结果表明,研究区68个中小地震震源机制解走滑类占总数的57%,正断类与逆断类也都存在;最大、最小应力轴倾角都较小,接近水平。该区现今构造应力场的主要特征表现为北东东-南西西向的水平挤压与北北西-南南东向的水平拉伸。  相似文献   

Numerical hydrodynamics study around turbine array of tidal stream farm in Zhoushan,China     

Zhiwen Yu  Jisheng Zhang  Yanyan Zhai  Tiantian Zhang  Jinhai Zheng 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(4):703-708

In recent decades, great efforts have been made to efficiently explore tidal stream energy due to its unique advantages of easy prediction and great potential. China recently launched a national tidal stream farm demonstration project in the waterway between Putuoshan and Hulu Islands in the Zhoushan area. Before deployment of the turbine array, it is necessary to understand the hydrodynamic changes associated with the construction of a turbine array. In this study, we developed a depth-averaged hydrodynamics model that solves the shallow water governing equations to simulate the tidal hydrodynamics around the Zhoushan Archipelago. The simulation results agree with field data in terms of the water elevation and stream velocity. We considered two types of turbine arrays in this study and investigated their impacts on the local hydrodynamics. In general, the stream velocity in the northern and southern areas is reduced due to the power take-off of the turbine array, whereas stream velocity in the western and eastern areas is slightly increased due to the blockage impact of the turbine array.  相似文献   

山东半岛城市群城市土地扩张与人口增长协调性研究          下载免费PDF全文

王艳艳  王富喜 《山东国土资源》2017,33(7)

新型城镇化是以人为核心的城镇化,山东半岛城市群作为我国11个国家级城市群之一,近年来城镇化发展速度不断加快。以山东半岛城市群8个设区城市为研究对象,通过构建城市土地扩张与人口增长协调关系模型,计算8个城市的土地扩张与人口增长协调度,并根据城市土地扩张与人口增长的协调性分级标准,把1994年和2013年8个城市的土地扩张与人口增长协调性关系进行分等定级评价。结果表明:山东半岛城市群城市土地扩张与人口增长的协调性较弱,呈现出土地快速扩张态势。8个城市中有5个城市表现为土地快速扩张,其中2个城市表现为土地显著扩张,3个城市表现为土地明显扩张;人地基本协调的仅有3个,协调性空间分异明显。针对8个城市土地扩张与人口增长间不同类型的协调度,提出发展建议,促进山东半岛城市群城市土地扩张与人口增长协调发展,提高城镇化发展质量。  相似文献   

Estimation of ecological water requirements based on habitat response to water level in Huanghe River Delta, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Baoshan Cui  Yanyan Hua  Chongfang Wang  Xiaolin Liao  Xuejie Tan  Wendong Tao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(4):318-329

In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole ecosystem.This paper presents a new method for calculating wetland EWRs,which is based on the response of habitats to water level,and determines water level threshold through the functional integrity of habitats.Results show that in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta water levels between 5.0 m and 5.5 m are required to maintain the functional integrity of the wetland at a value higher than 0.7.One of the dominant plants in the delta,Phragmites australis,tolerates water level fluctuation of about ± 0.25 m without the change in wetland functional integrity.The minimum,optimum and maximum EWRs for the Huanghe River Delta are 9.42×106 m3,15.56×106 m3 and 24.12×106 m3 with water levels of 5.0 m,5.2 m and 5.5 m,corresponding to functional integrity indices of 0.70,0.84 and 0.72,respectively.A wetland restoration program has been performed,which aims to meet these EWRs in attempt to recover from losses of up to 98% in the delta's former wetland area.  相似文献