变形监测技术在库岸防治工程中的应用     

白洪伟  曾峰  吴满意 《测绘科学》2016,41(11):160-165

针对库岸稳定性检测的需求,该文将现代变形监测技术应用于乌江彭水县水电站鹿角镇库岸防治工程,对地表进行抗滑桩顶和岸坡表层水平位移和垂直位移监测,地下进行岸坡深层水平位移监测。文章对边坡变形监测进行分析,主要包括岸坡表层变形情况、岸坡深层位移情况、重要建筑物基础不均匀沉降情况及抗滑桩顶变形初步分析。对库安防治工程进行预警分析,可保证彭水县水电站的安全。  相似文献   

季节性冰封热融浅湖水温原位观测及其分层特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄文峰  韩红卫  牛富俊  李志军 《水科学进展》2016,27(2):280-289

为探究季节性冰封浅湖热力学特征,于2010年10月至2013年7月对高原腹地一典型热融湖塘冰层生消、水/冰温及气象条件开展原位观测,分析了水温分布时间变化、温跃层以及冰生消对水温结构的影响。结果发现:冰面升华显著,贯穿整个冰期;水温日变化、季节变化和垂直结构受气温、大气辐射、风速、冰生消和湖底沉积层热贡献影响显著;在"无冰期-结冰前-冰生长期-冰融化期-融化后-无冰期"年循环过程中水温垂直结构分别呈现出"分层-翻转-逆温分层-逆温与正温共存-翻转-分层"的循环过程。分层期水温结构仅由上部混合层和温跃层构成,且偶因强风搅动而全湖翻转混合。可见,相比大中型湖泊,季节性冰封浅湖热力学结构差异显著。  相似文献   

构造物理模拟和PIV有限应变分析对构造裂缝预测的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

沈礼  贾东  尹宏伟  魏东涛  陈竹新  孙闯  崔键 《高校地质学报》2016,22(1):171

油气储层中构造裂缝发育与有限应变状态关系密切,为了探索有限应变分析与构造裂缝预测的新技术方法,此次研究设计完成了一组单侧挤压收敛模型的物理模拟实验,并引入粒子图像测速(PIV,Particle Image Velocimetry)技术对实验过程进行了定量化分析。实验模型在垂向上为含粘性层的多层结构,实验结果形成了一个肉眼可见的箱状褶皱。通过PIV技术可以获取实验模型变形演化过程中各阶段的位移场数据,计算出各阶段的增量应变,实现从初始状态到褶皱形成之后整个变形过程的有限应变分析,探讨构造裂缝成因机制和分布规律,进行定量化裂缝预测。挤压变形过程初期,应变分布范围很广,有限应变较弱(约4%~8%),在挤压方向上的线应变表现为弱压应变,在垂向上的线应变表现为弱张应变,这种现象是褶皱和断层产生前平行层缩短和层增厚的纯剪变形结果,也是区域型张裂缝和剪裂缝形成的主要机制。褶皱和断层即将发育之时至发育之后,应变局限在断层发育的剪切带及附近区域,有限应变表现为较强(达20%)的剪切应变和剪切张应变,是断层面附近简单剪切变形作用的结果,也是局部型剪裂缝和张剪裂缝形成的主要机制。  相似文献   

南大洋太平洋扇区中尺度涡旋的统计特性及其变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

段永亮  刘洪伟  于卫东  侯一筠 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(11):28-34

中尺度涡旋在南大洋海洋动力学中具有重要地位,其对气候变化的响应表现也引起了海洋学家与气候学家的广泛关注。本文利用涡动动能与涡旋自动探测技术两种方法对南大洋太平洋扇区的涡旋特性及其变化进行了分析。与前人结果相一致的是,高值的涡动动能主要集中在南极极锋海区,并且自西向东逐渐减弱。在过去的20年里,涡动动能在太平洋扇区的显著增强也集中在中西部海域,这里也是南极绕极流斜压性较强的海域。涡旋统计特性揭示了涡动动能的空间分布及其年际变化主要归因于涡旋振幅与旋转速度,而并非涡旋个数或者涡旋半径。这些结果进一步确认了对应于南半球环状模正位相的绕极西风异常改变了南大洋的涡旋特性,从而表现出涡旋活跃性增强。  相似文献   

Study of Influence of Regional Geodynamic Background on Strata Behaviors in China's Tongxin Mine          下载免费PDF全文

Ying Chen  Hongwei Zhang  Bin Yu  Zhijie Zhu  Wenda Wu  Yunpeng Li 《Resource Geology》2016,66(1):1-11

Strata behaviors are mainly affected by regional geodynamic background. The influence of rock mass stress and energy distribution on strata behaviors in the Tongxin mine is studied in terms of regional tectonic movement, seismic activity and tectonic stress field. The results show that the extrusion lifting movement of Kouquan fault adjacent to the Tongxin mine results in the stress concentration in the rock of the Carboniferous coal bed and accumulation of a large amount of elastic energy and forms structural background of Tongxin mine. Due to various seismic activities in the mine area, the strain energy is known to reach much higher levels, up to 0.5×10⁸ J^1/2. Since the stratigraphic structure is sensitive to the mining operation, the strain energy could cause strong strata behaviors. A special geological structure model of the Tongxin mine is established based on the geodynamic division method. The distribution of regional structure stress field is determined by the rock mass stress analysis system. Based on this model, Tongxin mine is divided into five areas with high stress, eight areas with low stress and eight areas with gradient stress. The strong strata behaviors mostly occur in high stress areas. These results could provide guidance to predict the strength of regional or mine pressure and control strata behavior in different areas.  相似文献   

Study of suitable oasis scales based on water resource availability in an arid region of China: a case study of Hotan River Basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hongwei Guo  Hongbo Ling  Hailiang Xu  Bin Guo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(11):984

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Study on the natural radioactivity level of stone coal-bearing strata in East China     

Naizheng Xu  Xinxiang Wei  Fuxiang Kuang  Linxi Zhang  Hongying Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(21):726

Based on γ-radiation dose rate and radon concentration measurements and ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra, and ⁴⁰K radionuclide testing, this study identifies the radioactive anomalies of stone coal-bearing strata in East China and evaluates the natural radioactivity levels in the air, solid, water and plant media in the typical area of the regional stone coal-bearing layers. The stone coal-bearing strata in East China occur in the lower Cambrian system along the margin of the Yangtze block; additionally, the radioactive anomaly area is sporadically distributed in the stone coal-bearing layers. The background values of ²³⁸U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra, and ⁴⁰K are higher in the stone coal-bearing areas, and the spatial distribution of these natural radionuclides shows significant variability. ²³⁸U and ²²⁶Ra clearly accumulate in the coal, coal gangue and soil and are the main sources of the environmental radiation in coal mines. The γ-radiation shows a higher background value in the stone coal-bearing area, and this radioactive pollution cannot be ignored. Typically, the effective dose of γ-radiation exceeds the limit value of 5 mSv/a, and the total α and total β concentrations of the groundwater are 10–30 times the limit value at some points. The residents near the mining area are subjected to a higher radiation dose, and the groundwater, building materials, and plants have been contaminated by the radioactive pollution sporadically through time. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring work of radioactive environments and to take appropriate control measures.  相似文献   

A MATLAB-based Kriged Kalman Filter software for interpolating missing data in GNSS coordinate time series     

Ning Liu  Wujiao Dai  Rock Santerre  Cuilin Kuang 《GPS Solutions》2018,22(1):25

GNSS coordinate time series data for permanent reference stations often suffer from random, or even continuous, missing data. Missing data interpolation is necessary due to the fact that some data processing methods require evenly spaced data. Traditional missing data interpolation methods usually use single point time series, without considering spatial correlations between points. We present a MATLAB software for dynamic spatiotemporal interpolation of GNSS missing data based on the Kriged Kalman Filter model. With the graphical user interface, users can load source GNSS data, set parameters, view the interpolated series and save the final results. The SCIGN GPS data indicate that the software is an effective tool for GNSS coordinate time series missing data interpolation.  相似文献   

南部非洲花岗岩型与伟晶岩型钽矿床地质特征     

孙宏伟  王杰  任军平  唐文龙  古阿雷  左立波  贺福清 《地质论评》2021,67(1):265-277

钽作为一种重要的稀有金属矿产,广泛应用于各种工业领域。世界上的钽矿床成因主要为内生成矿,尤以花岗岩型和伟晶型最为重要,碰撞造山过程导致的多期次岩浆活动是有利的钽矿成矿环境。南部非洲钽矿资源丰富且品位高,主要为花岗岩型和伟晶岩型钽矿床,空间上主要分布在卡普瓦尔克拉通、刚果克拉通、津巴布韦克拉通以及基巴拉、泛非、达马拉等碰撞环境下形成的同造山—后造山构造带内,时间上主要集中在太古宙(2.85~2.58 Ga)、古元古代(2.48~2.0 Ga)、晚中元古代—早新元古代(1026~880 Ma)以及泛非活动期(500~440 Ma),且不同钽矿带内含钽矿物稀有及稀土元素分布特征差异较大。南部非洲发育大量与钽矿形成密切相关的花岗岩及伟晶岩岩体,资源潜力巨大,未来有望成为世界上主要的钽资源接续基地。  相似文献   

坦桑尼亚西南部乌本迪带内Nsamya镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义     

许康康  刘晓阳  孙凯  龚鹏辉  吴兴源  何胜飞  孙宏伟 《地质学报》2021,95(4):1174-1190

在坦桑尼亚西南部的乌本迪带内首次发现了阿拉斯加型(岛弧型)镁铁-超镁铁环状杂岩体,对约束区域构造演化历史具有重要的意义.Nsamya杂岩体主要岩性为单辉橄榄岩和辉长岩,单辉橄榄岩位于杂岩体的中部,而辉长岩主要位于北部边缘,表现出环状岩体特征.锆石U-Pb年龄表明杂岩体的形成年龄介于1874～1944Ma之间,为古元古代晚期.岩石地球化学显示,杂岩体具有低SiO2,高MgO、FeOT、Cr和Ni含量,富集LREE和Ba、Pb、U等大离子亲石元素,不同程度的亏损HREE和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti等高场强元素特征,为具有岛弧构造背景的阿拉斯加型岩体.综合区域地质背景资料,认为其形成于古元古代乌本迪造山作用晚期的岛弧盆地闭合阶段,玄武质岩浆来源于受俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔,并在上升过程中遭受下地壳基底的混染作用.  相似文献