乌鲁木齐霾天气PM10单颗粒物理化学特征     

王江  洪雯  吴新萍  陆辉 《中国沙漠》2015,35(6):1652-1658

为了解乌鲁木齐冬季污染天气形成过程中大气颗粒物化学组分的变化,探讨霾天气快速形成的主要原因,应用扫描电镜/X射线能谱仪(SEM/EDX)对2013年2月乌鲁木齐东南郊一次典型霾天和正常天气所采集的大气颗粒物(PM₁₀)样品进行了微观形貌和化学组成的对比分析。结果表明:伴随着霾形成过程细粒子浓度呈现急剧上升趋势,PM_1.0/PM₁₀比值高达0.77。SEM/EDX观测显示,霾天形成前后,PM₁₀的形态结构和元素组成存在较明显的差异,霾天规则的石膏颗粒占规则颗粒的71.1%,明显高于正常天气,表明大气颗粒物的硫化现象比较普遍,大量硅铝酸盐飞灰说明采样点周边有较明显的燃煤源输送;二次无机颗粒组成主要为硫酸盐颗粒,由正常天气的16.1%增加到24.6%,高浓度硫酸盐与乌鲁木齐东南郊此次霾形成有密切的联系。  相似文献   

基于SWAT模型的梅江流域非点源污染时空分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

盛盈盈  赖格英  李世伟 《热带地理》2015,35(3):306-314

利用SWAT模型对亚热带季风湿润区红壤背景下江西省梅江流域非点源污染进行了模拟,并根据实测数据对模型的参数进行了率定和验证。在确定模型适用性的基础上,进行氮、磷营养盐负荷计算,分析了流域非点源污染负荷时空分布特征。结果表明：研究区非点源污染负荷具有显著的时空分布特征,在时间变化上,氮、磷污染负荷与降雨有明显相关性,R2分别是0.909和0.921;硝态氮年平均污染物负荷排放方式主要以下渗为主,下渗硝态氮排放量占总量的63%,与流域内高植被覆盖率有关;在空间分布上,有机氮与有机磷空间分布基本一致,流域内污染物主要分布在梅江中下游的黄陂河与会同河流域,不同土地利用下非点源污染负荷以耕地排放量为主。  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区制造业集群辨识及空间组织特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁丰  陈雯  宋正娜 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(12):1511-1519

本文基于投入产出表的主成分分析和企业空间分布数据的聚类分析,从产业功能联系和空间联系角度辨识长江三角洲地区主要的制造业集群,并从企业、产业、区域3个维度刻画和比较不同类型制造业集群的空间组织特征。研究表明,长江三角洲地区存在冶金及装备、电子信息、纺织及服装等12个垂直联系紧密的制造业群组,并高度集聚于沿沪宁线、沪杭线、杭甬线的“Z”字形区域。冶金及装备、电子信息和纺织及服装3个制造集群分别呈现轮辐式、卫星式和马歇尔式产业集群组织方式。上海和江苏的制造业集群在集群规模、大型企业占比、外资企业占比等方面,要明显高于浙江的制造业集群。  相似文献   

不同星历下实时精密单点定位精度分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

赖允斌  赵春梅  李子申 《测绘通报》2015,(8):9-12

基于自主研制的软件,分别利用超快速外推星历和钟差,以及基于广播星历的实时SSR改正的精密星历和钟差进行实时精密单点定位。结果表明,利用SSR改正信息的实时精密单点定位精度更高;利用SSR改正信息得到的实时星历和钟差与IGS最终产品对比,卫星位置互差RMS值优于7 cm,钟差互差RMS值优于0.3 ns;收敛后实时SSR改正和超快速这两种产品实时静态定位精度水平方向RMS值分别优于3 cm、4 cm,高程RMS值优于3 cm、6 cm。  相似文献   

Why Hydraulic Tomography Works?     

Tian‐Chyi J. Yeh  Deqiang Mao  Yuanyuan Zha  Kuo‐Chin Hsu  Cheng‐Haw Lee  Jet‐Chau Wen  Wenxi Lu  Jinzhong Yang 《Ground water》2014,52(2):168-172

  相似文献   

Heavy metals in particulate and colloidal matter from atmospheric deposition of urban Guangzhou,South China     

Wen Huang  Dandan Duan  Yulong Zhang  Hefa Cheng  Yong Ran 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and colloidal matter (COM) in annual dry and wet deposition samples in urban Guangzhou were for the first time collected, and their trace metals were investigated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The deposition flux of SPM and of metal elements varied largely among the investigated seasons, and reached the maximum in spring. The correlation analysis indicated that significant correlations existed among some of the metal elements in the deposition samples. The enrichment factors (EF) of metals in COM in the deposition ranging from 79.66 to 130,000 were much higher than those of SPM ranging from 1.65 to 286.48, indicating the important role of COM. The factor analysis showed that emissions from street dust, non-ferrous metal production, and heavy fuel oil were major sources of the trace metals. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to quantitatively estimate anthropogenic source.  相似文献   

Linking local ecological outcomes with basin-wide water planning: a case study of Yanga National Park,an important Australian inland forested wetland     

Li Wen  Neil Saintilan 《水文科学杂志》2014,59(3-4):904-915

Abstract

Maintaining and restoring the ecological integrity of floodplains remains a priority for many Australian federal and state government agencies. The Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) introduced the Proposed Basin Plan 2012, the Australian government’s latest basin-scale water planning instrument to promote a healthy, working river system. The proposal seeks to limit surface water (consumptive) use to 10 873 GL year^-1 on a long-term average. The controversy prompted by this proposed reduction has underscored a need for rigorous and transparent modelling of ecological benefits. In this paper, we investigate the likely ecological outcomes of the proposal for Yanga National Park, one of the most significant environmental assets in the Murray-Darling Basin, using a decision support system. Our results indicate that the proposal will increase the inundation extent with a 33% (or 7000 ha) increase in median flood. The increase in inundation would improve the hydrological conditions in most wetlands in terms of the frequency and duration of events and inter-flood dry periods and enhance the habitat quality for a range of biota, though benefits are not distributed evenly across the wetland.