Early solar system aqueous activity: K isotope evidence from Allende     

Yun Jiang  Piers Koefoed  Olga Pravdivtseva  Heng Chen  Chun‐Hui Li  Fang Huang  Li‐Ping Qin  Jia Liu  Kun Wang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2021,56(1):61-76

The alkali element K is moderately volatile and fluid mobile; thus, it can be influenced by both primary processes (evaporation and recondensation) in the solar nebula and secondary processes (thermal and aqueous alteration) in the parent body. Since these primary and secondary processes would induce different isotopic fractionations, K isotopes could become a potential tracer to distinguish them. Using recently developed methods with improved precision (0.05‰, 95% confidence interval), we systematically measured the K isotopic compositions and major/trace elemental compositions of chondritic components (18 chondrules, 3 CAIs, 2 matrices, and 5 bulks) in the carbonaceous chondrite fall Allende. Among all the components analyzed in this study, CAIs, which formed initially under high‐temperature conditions in the solar nebula and were dominated by nominally K‐free refractory minerals, have the highest K₂O content (average 0.53 wt%) and have K isotope compositions most enriched in heavy isotopes (δ⁴¹K: ?0.30 to ?0.25‰). Such an observation is consistent with previous petrologic studies that show CAIs in Allende have undergone alkali enrichment during metasomatism. In contrast, chondrules contain lower K₂O content (0.003–0.17 wt%) and generally lighter K isotope compositions (δ⁴¹K: ?0.87‰ to ?0.24‰). The matrix and bulks are nearly identical in K₂O content and K isotope compositions (0.02–0.05 wt%; δ⁴¹K: ?0.62 to ? 0.46‰), which are, as expected, right in the middle of CAIs and chondrules. This strongly indicates that most of the chondritic components of Allende suffered aqueous alteration and their K isotopic compositions are the ramification of Allende parent‐body processing instead of primary nebular signatures. Nevertheless, we propose the small K isotope fractionations observed (< 1‰) among Allende components are likely similar to the overall range of K isotopic fractionation that occurred in nebular environment. Furthermore, the K isotope compositions seen in the components of Allende in this study are consistent with MC‐ICP‐MS analyses of the components in ordinary chondrites, which also show an absence of large (10‰) isotope fractionations. This is not expected as evaporation experiments in nebular conditions suggest there should be large K isotopic fractionations. Nevertheless, possible nebular processes such as chondrules back exchanging with ambient gas when they formed could explain this lack of large K isotopic variation.  相似文献   

万维望远镜平台下基于ASSURE模式的天文教学研究     

黄子义 《地理教学》2020,(3):62-64,52

随着教学手段和教学方法的现代化,信息技术与课程整合正成为教育改革的研究热点。文章以万维望远镜(WWT)平台为教学媒体,以ASSURE模式为教学设计的理论依据,设计并构建用以指导天文教学准备、实施与评价的教学模式,并将该模式应用于“四季星空”的教学案例中,使用基于信息技术的互动分析编码系统和学生课程反馈调查对教学效果进行分析和评价。研究表明,万维望远镜的使用可以降低教师言语比率,改变传统天文教学中以讲授式为主的教学方式。它适合起点能力较高、对新知识和新技能掌握能力较强的学生,能提高其学习兴趣和积极性,激发其探索宇宙的兴趣,有助于培养学生的科学素养。  相似文献   

乡村空间重构的理论研究进展与理论框架构建     

金利霞  文志敏  范建红  杜志威 《热带地理》2020,40(5):765-774

在新时代城乡融合发展、乡村地域人地关系日益复杂的背景下，乡村空间重构成为乡村地理学研究的重要课题。西方“后生产主义”语境下，乡村空间研究开始出现消费转向、社会-文化转向和后现代转向，多功能、全球化乡村转型与空间重构研究成为西方乡村空间研究的热点；国内研究主要基于乡村地理学人地关系地域系统理论展开乡村空间重构过程—机理—调控研究以及微观视角下农户经济空间行为研究；当前，中国乡村空间重构呈现自上而下的政治经济学转型特征，具有中国特色的农村集体组织与政府、企业、个人等其他主体之间的空间-权力关系成为乡村空间重构的重要视角。政治经济地理学及“社会-空间”二元辩证法为乡村空间重构研究提供了很好的研究范式与研究方法，乡村空间重构研究应系统整合空间生产、主体能动性、土地资本化、社会关系网络、人地关系地域系统和农户地理等政治经济学、地理学理论，强化自然、经济、社会和文化等多要素相互作用及其空间响应机制研究，重点开展多要素多维度的乡村空间格局形成及演变规律研究、乡村社会空间再生产研究、能动性视角下乡村劳动力空间生产研究、政府政策制度与城乡空间治理体系创新研究。  相似文献   

两株南极枝孢霉属真菌Cladosporium sp.NJF4和NJF6的次级代谢产物研究          下载免费PDF全文

常俊男  田晓清  樊成奇  黄金昌  陆亚男  韩清华 《极地研究》2020,32(1):60-67

南极因其独特的自然环境成为潜在、重要的微生物资源库,是产生新型生物活性物质和先导化合物菌株的潜在种源地,南极微生物正在成为创新药物研究新的重要资源。虽然近年来对南极微生物次级代谢产物的研究逐渐增加,但与温带和热带微生物研究相比仍处于初级阶段。对从南极普里兹湾海洋沉积物中获得的两株枝孢霉属真菌Cladosporium sp. NJF4和NJF6进行次级代谢产物分离及结构鉴定,获得20个化合物。化合物结构类型包括甾醇(1)、倍半萜类(7—8)、生物碱类(9—14)、二酮哌嗪(2—5、15—17)、芳香酸(6、18—19)等,其中倍半萜类(7—8)为首次从枝孢霉属真菌中分离得到,以上研究将为丰富南极微生物次级代谢产物库奠定一定的研究基础。  相似文献   

Characteristics of Permeability Changes in Bituminous Coal Under Conditions of Stress Variation Due to Repeated Mining Activities     

Huang  Mengqian  Zhang  Lei  Zhang  Cun  Chen  Shuai 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):1687-1704

The factors affecting permeability change under repeated mining of coal seams are important study aspects that need to be explored. This study combined various stress variation characteristics of protective seam mining and simplified the stress path of repeated mining in protective seam mines. Based on the results from the bespoke gas flow and displacement testing apparatus, seepage tests for simulated repetitive mining were carried out. The results simulated the actual behavior very well. With any drastic increase in the mining influence, the axial deviation stress in the stress path increased, and the greater the difference in coal permeability during the unloading and stress recovery stage, the more substantial the increase in permeability. The change in coal permeability was significantly influenced by the severity of simulated repeated mining cycles. When the mining stress exceeded a critical value, the permeability of the coal sample increased with the increase in the number of loading and unloading cycles, but the reverse was true when the mining stress was lower than the critical value. The effective sensitivity of seepage to the applied stress decreased with an increase in the number of stress cycles. With a decrease in the deviation stress, that is, with lower severity of mining influence, the effective sensitivity of coal seepage to stress gradually decreased.

  相似文献   

A modified numerical model for moisture-salt transport in unsaturated sandy soil under evaporation     

Wei Wen  YuanMing Lai  ZheMin You 《寒旱区科学》2020,12(3):125-133

Soil salinization, caused by salt migration and accumulation underneath the soil surface, will corrode structures. To analyze the moisture-salt migration and salt precipitation in soil under evaporation conditions, a mathematical model consisting of a series of theoretical equations is briefly presented. The filling effect of precipitated salts on tortuosity factor and evaporation rate are taken into account in relevant equations. Besides, a transition equation to link the solute transport equation before and after salt precipitation is proposed. Meanwhile, a new relative humidity equation deduced from Pitzer ions model is used to modify the vapor transport flux equation. The results show that the calculated values are in good agreement with the published experimental data, especially for the simulation of volume water content and evaporation rate of Toyoura sand, which confirm the reliability and applicability of the proposed model.  相似文献   

Jason-2高度计电离层GIM误差分析及修正研究     

黄霞凤  苗洪利  苗翔鹰  薛文文 《海洋学报》2019,41(7):143-148

基于Jason-2高度计2015年地球物理数据集(GDR)38个周期太平洋海域的全球电离层图(GIM)电离层校正值和双频校正值的数据，分不同季度和不同纬度区域比较二者的差异，结果表明:GIM值与双频校正值之间存在明显的差异，GIM校正值普遍高于双频校正值，说明GIM高估了电离层路径延迟，GIM校正值与双频校正值的差异与季节和纬度区间有关。用梯度下降法得到GIM值的修正方程，将修正方程应用于2016年Jason-2的全年数据，修正后的GIM值与双频校正值十分接近，在各年份中均具有良好的适用性。在单频高度计不能使用电离层双频校正算法的情况下，可以利用不同季度和不同纬度区域的修正方程对同等高度的高度计GIM值进行修正以达到双频校正值的精度水平。  相似文献   

N油田A油组钙质隔夹层地质特征及成因分析     

廖明光  黄志强  廖纪佳  梁文锋  张航  潘柯宇 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(1):26-34

在油田开发过程中,隔夹层控制油气水运动规律,对于寻找剩余油具有重要控制作用。本文以N油田TF组2段A油组为研究对象,通过薄片、岩心测试、测井、碳氧同位素等资料综合分析,研究其钙质隔夹层的分布特征、岩石学特征、物性特征、测井识别特征,并从沉积环境、物质来源、成岩作用相结合的角度分析钙质隔夹层的成因。研究表明,A油组纵向上发育的三套钙质隔夹层主要发育在前滨滩坝沉积微相,顶钙与底钙的岩性以砂质生屑质灰岩为主,中钙为钙质砂岩;三套钙质隔夹层中生物碎屑主要以腕足、腹足、有孔虫为主,含少量棘皮、瓣鳃、红藻、介形虫、苔藓虫等;成岩作用主要为胶结作用,胶结物类型包含早期方解石胶结物、中期铁方解石胶结物、晚期铁白云石胶结物;碳氧同位素分析表明,隔夹层中碳主要来自于沉积过程中的海水,同时有少量来自于大气淡水和有机酸,Ca~(2+)主要来源于生物碎屑,其次为钙长石溶解、铝硅酸盐矿物的水化作用。  相似文献   

Integration of nighttime light remote sensing images and taxi GPS tracking data for population surface enhancement     

Bailang Yu  Ting Lian  Yixiu Huang  Xinyue Ye  Zuoqi Chen 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(4):687-706

The population distribution grid at fine scales better reflects the distribution of residents and plays an important role in investigating urban systems. The recent years have witnessed a growing trend of applying the nighttime light data to the estimation of population at micro levels. However, using the nighttime light data alone to estimate population may cause the overestimation problem due to excessively high light radiance in specific types of areas such as commercial zones and transportation hubs. In dealing with this issue, this study used taxi trajectory data that delineate people’s movements, and explored the utility of integrating the nighttime light and taxi trajectory data in the estimation of population in Shanghai at the spatial resolution of 500 m. First, the initial population distribution grid was generated based on the NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data. Then, a calibration grid was created with taxi trajectory data, whereby the initial population grid was optimized. The accuracy of the resultant population grid was assessed by comparing it with the refined survey data. The result indicates that the final population distribution grid performed better than the initial population grid, which reflects the effectiveness of the proposed calibration process.  相似文献   

Interactive Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation and Dissolved Organic Carbon on Phytoplankton Growth and Photosynthesis in Sanya Bay,Northern South China Sea     

Liao  Jianzu  Xu  Jie  Yuan  Xiangcheng  Liang  Yuxian  Guo  Yajuan  Zhou  Weihua  Huang  Hui  Liu  Sheng  Long  Aimin 《Ocean Science Journal》2019,54(4):581-593

Ocean Science Journal - The effects of a simulated climate change scenario, i.e., increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), on the growth and photosynthesis of...  相似文献