Using stable isotopes to estimate young water fractions in a heavily regulated,tropical lowland river basin     

Anh Duc Trinh  Thu Nga Do  Virginia N. Panizzo  Suzanne McGowan  Melanie J. Leng 《水文研究》2020,34(22):4239-4250

The young water fraction of streamflow (Fyw), an important hydrological variable, has been calculated for the first time, for a monsoon-fed coastal catchment in northern Vietnam. Oxygen stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O) from six river sites in the Day River Basin (DRB) were analysed monthly, between January 2015 and December 2018. River δ¹⁸O signatures showed sine wave variability, reflecting the amount effect and tropical (dry-rainy) seasonality of the region. The δ¹⁸O composition of precipitation ranged from −12.67 to +1.68‰, with a mean value of −5.14‰, and in-streamflow signatures ranged from −11.63 to −1.37‰ with a mean of −5.02‰. Fractions of young water (Fyw) were calculated from the unweighted and flow-weighted δ¹⁸O composition of samples. Unweighted Fyw ranged between 29 ± 8% and 82 ± 21% with a mean value of 51 ± 19%, and was not significantly different from flow-weighted Fyw (range between 33 ± 25% and 92 ± 73%, mean 52 ± 36%). Both unweighted and flow-weighted Fyw were highest in the middle of stream and lowest in downstream sites, capturing the impacts of landuse changes, hydrology and human activities in the catchment. Our calculations imply that more than a half of rainwater reaches the DRB river mainstream within the first 3 months. The Fyw is much higher than the global average (of one-third) and insensitive to discharge due to the combination of a humid catchment with high rainfall, low storage capacity, flat landscape and an intensive drainage system in the DRB. Also the low discharge sensitivity of Fyw in the DRB implies that the regional hydrology is severely altered by humans.  相似文献   

Prospectivity Mapping for Tungsten Polymetallic Mineral Resources,Nanling Metallogenic Belt,South China: Use of Random Forest Algorithm from a Perspective of Data Imbalance     

Li  Tongfei  Xia  Qinglin  Zhao  Mengyang  Gui  Zhou  Leng  Shuai 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(1):203-227

Natural Resources Research - Mineral systems are composed of many interacting components that lead to complex, singular and rare properties of geo-data. In mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM),...  相似文献   

哈尔滨地区罗家窝棚组地层的沉积学、矿物学及地球化学特征:对沉积环境的指示     

魏春艳  谢远云  康春国  迟云平  孙磊  吴鹏  魏振宇  冷宇坤 《地质科学》2022,57(1):172-189

罗家窝棚组是哈尔滨地区的第四纪下限地层,其岩性是紫红色砂砾石,被认为是冰碛物堆积。早期的区测资料对其进行了岩性描述,对于其它地层属性,特别是地球化学属性的认识尚未涉及。为此,本文选择黑龙江五常拉林镇罗家窝棚村层型剖面作为研究对象,首次对其沉积学、矿物学、元素地球化学展开综合研究,以揭示其沉积过程和沉积环境。结果表明,这套砾石分选和磨圆较差,风化程度很高,无定向性排列,砾石成分以陆源碎屑岩(砂岩和粉砂岩,44.2%)和花岗岩(37.4%)为主,其次为凝灰岩(11.2%),石英质、闪长岩、流纹岩和玄武岩等少量出现。重矿物组成以赤/褐铁矿占绝对优势(87.5%),其次是白钛石(5.0%),其它重矿物含量较少。元素地球化学揭示,罗家窝棚组中的细颗粒碎屑以及泥质基质经历了很强的化学风化过程,是初次循环的结果。砾石岩性和地球化学组成共同揭示了这些碎屑主要来源于长英质母岩,但中性和铁镁质母岩也有少量贡献。综合沉积学、矿物学和地球化学地层属性,本文认为罗家窝棚组地层是在炎热气候条件下的洪积物堆积,而非寒冷气候条件下的冰碛物。这项研究对于哈尔滨地区第四纪地层的划分和早更新世构造—地貌—气候—水系演化等地质事件的重建具有重要意义。  相似文献   

The geodynamic and limnological evolution of Balkan Lake Ohrid,possibly the oldest extant lake in Europe     

Bernd Wagner  Paul Tauber  Alexander Francke  Niklas Leicher  Steven A. Binnie  Aleksandra Cvetkoska  Elena Jovanovska  Janna Just  Jack H. Lacey  Zlatko Levkov  Katja Lindhorst  Katerina Kouli  Sebastian Krastel  Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos  Arne Ulfers  Dušica Zaova  Timme H. Donders  Andon Grazhdani  Andreas Koutsodendris  Melanie J. Leng  Laura Sadori  Mirko Scheinert  Hendrik Vogel  Thomas Wonik  Giovanni Zanchetta  Thomas Wilke 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2023,52(1):1-26

Studies of the upper 447 m of the DEEP site sediment succession from central Lake Ohrid, Balkan Peninsula, North Macedonia and Albania provided important insights into the regional climate history and evolutionary dynamics since permanent lacustrine conditions established at 1.36 million years ago (Ma). This paper focuses on the entire 584-m-long DEEP sediment succession and a comparison to a 197-m-long sediment succession from the Pestani site ~5 km to the east in the lake, where drilling ended close to the bedrock, to unravel the earliest history of Lake Ohrid and its basin development. ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be dating of clasts from the base of the DEEP sediment succession implies that the sedimentation in the modern basin started at c. 2 Ma. Geophysical, sedimentological and micropalaeontological data allow for chronological information to be transposed from the DEEP to the Pestani succession. Fluvial conditions, slack water conditions, peat formation and/or complete desiccation prevailed at the DEEP and Pestani sites until 1.36 and 1.21 Ma, respectively, before a larger lake extended over both sites. Activation of karst aquifers to the east probably by tectonic activity and a potential existence of neighbouring Lake Prespa supported filling of Lake Ohrid. The lake deepened gradually, with a relatively constant vertical displacement rate of ~0.2 mm a⁻¹ between the central and the eastern lateral basin and with greater water depth presumably during interglacial periods. Although the dynamic environment characterized by local processes and the fragmentary chronology of the basal sediment successions from both sites hamper palaeoclimatic significance prior to the existence of a larger lake, the new data provide an unprecedented and detailed picture of the geodynamic evolution of the basin and lake that is Europe’s presumed oldest extant freshwater lake.  相似文献   

2018年中国气候主要特征及主要天气气候事件   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周星妍  曾红玲  王遵娅  孙劭  陈鲜艳  柳艳菊  邹旭恺  王凌  赵琳  侯威  王有民  朱晓金  钟海玲  郭艳君  黄大鹏  李莹  张颖娴  蔡雯悦  孙冷  章大全  顾薇  李多  崔童  石帅 《气象》2019,45(4):543-552

2018年,我国气候属于正常年景,气候灾害偏轻。全国平均气温为10.09℃,较常年偏高0.54℃,春、夏季气温创历史新高,秋、冬季气温接近常年。全国平均降水量为673.8 mm,较常年偏多7.0%。全国降水夏、秋季偏多,冬季偏少,春季接近常年同期。华南前汛期开始晚,结束早,雨量少;西南雨季开始和结束均接近常年,雨量多;入梅晚、出梅早,梅雨量少;华北雨季开始和结束均早,雨量多;华西秋雨开始和结束均晚,雨量少;东北雨季开始和结束均接近常年,雨量少。2018年,生成和登陆台风多、登陆位置偏北、灾损严重。低温冷冻害及雪灾频发,损失偏重。其他气象灾害,如暴雨洪涝、干旱、强对流、沙尘暴影响均偏轻。  相似文献   

Carbon isotope composition of graptolite periderm and whole-rock from the Aeronian (Silurian, Llandovery) in Wales and Scotland and its use in chemostratigraphy     

Andrea M. Snelling  Melanie J. Leng  Christopher C. Kendrick 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(1):82-91

Here we show the use of graptolite periderm for chemostratigraphic study. Using material from the Aeronian (Silurian) interval from Wales and Scotland as examples, we show that the carbon isotope composition of the periderm (δ¹³C_grap.) provides a signal that is locally different but not consistently so from surrounding whole-rock samples (δ¹³C_whole-rock). Graptolite periderm δ¹³C seems not influenced by astogenetic stage of development or gross rhabdosome type and differences between δ¹³C_grap. from different metamorphic grades are minimal. Taken as a whole, the Aeronian interval examined shows little overall change, but large variations are seen on the small scale, possibly reflecting very local carbon cycling. For carbon isotope stratigraphy in such rocks, therefore, large-scale bulk sampling will likely reduce inhomogeneities and give more reproducible results. Furthermore, in situations (for instance associated with sea level fluctuations) where terrestrial organic matter has been incorporated into the sediment, then graptolite carbon may more faithfully reflect bulk marine organic matter.  相似文献   

2010年西北太平洋热带气旋活动特征及成因的初步分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙冷 《气象》2011,37(8):929-935

文章用热带气旋资料和NCAR/NCEP再分析资料等,对2010年西北太平洋和南海热带气旋活动特征进行分析,总结有五方面的特点：（1）编号最少,登陆比例最高;（2）生成时间集中,生成位置偏西;（3）强台风和短生命期热带气旋比例偏高;（4）初台偏晚,终台偏晚;（5）登陆前少后多,登陆地点相对集中。另外,还对热带气旋活动特征的成因进行了初步研究。结果表明：（1）东印度洋持续偏暖是导致编号热带气旋异常偏少的重要原因;厄尔尼诺事件的滞后影响也是重要外强迫因素之一。（2）大气环流异常是造成热带气旋活动异常的直接原因,表现在副热带高压偏强偏西,季风槽位置异常偏西,垂直风切变偏大等几方面因素的综合影响。  相似文献   

1990年代以来基于重力法的中国城市网络结构复杂性分析     

冷炳荣  杨永春  黄幸  李甜甜  谭一洺 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(5):66-71

以城市非农业人口作为城市质量,以空间直线距离分别在距离衰减参数b=1和b=2情况下作为空间联系的衰减方式,采用重力引力模型对全国地级城市进行了城市网络的构建,选取最大城市联系强度网络结构进行复杂性分析,借鉴复杂网络分析中的度、网络结构熵及网络标准结构熵等概念研究城市体系空间组织,这样将地理空间约束机制的概念引入到统计物理所忽略的复杂网络研究中,也为城市体系研究带来了新视角。分析得出了1990年代以来"大集中、逐步小分散"的城市网络组织的基本结论,最后对全国城市体系进行了空间等级划分。  相似文献   

Recent advances in isotopes as palaeolimnological proxies     

Melanie J. Leng  Andrew C. G. Henderson 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,49(3):481-496

Isotope geochemistry is an essential part of environmental and climate change research and over the last few decades has contributed significantly to our understanding of a huge array of environmental problems, not least in palaeolimnology and limnogeology. Here we describe some of the recent developments in the use of stable isotopes in palaeo-lake research. These are: better preparation, analysis, and interpretation of biogenic silica oxygen and silicon isotopes; extraction and characterisation of specific compounds such as leaf waxes and algal lipids for isotope analysis; determining the excess of ¹³C–¹⁸O bonds in clumped isotopes; and the measurement of multiple isotope ratios in chironomid chitin. These advances have exciting prospects and it will be interesting to see how these techniques develop further and consequently offer a real advancement in our science over the next decade.  相似文献   

Long-term Dynamics of Cultivated Land Resources and Their Driving Forces of Guyuan City in Upper Reaches of Jinghe River     

CHEN Caocao XIE Gaodi ZHEN Lin LENG Yunfa 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(1):33-40

The land use patterns in Guyuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, have changed greatly over the years, due to population growth and farming and stock raising development. This study, using 50-year statistical data of cultivated land and 14-year spatial data of land use pattern, analyzed the developmental stages, the character, and the spatial variance of farmland in the city, and discussed the driving forces of cultivated land changes based on empirical and conceptual statistical models. First, the change of cultivated land area went through different stages of rapid increase, fluctuating change, decrease and rapid decrease from 1949 to 2004, additionally, social and economic policies in different stages had an important impact on farmland variance. Second, from 1986 to 2000, the quantity of cultivated land increased, but its quality decreased. Third, social and economic factors are determinant factors in cultivated land transition. Five constructed paths explain cultivated land transition. Factors that have direct or indirect effects on farmland include the economy （Xeco）, the population （Xpop）, agricultural output （Xagr）, and scientific input （Xsci）. The sequence of impact was Xeco〉Xpop〉Xsci〉Xagr. Among all these impacts, Xeco was the major positive one, and Xpop was the major negative one. It is urgent to take measures or adopt a policy to stop the vicious cycle in eco-environment and agriculture production. Otherwise, negative patterns of farmland use will increase, and high-quality cultivated land will continue to decline.  相似文献