鸭绿江口与邻近西海岸沉积记录的耦合     

刘月  程岩  李红军  高建华  郑金华  张春鹏  张亮  刘敬伟 《海洋学报》2017,39(1):76-88

通过对采自鸭绿江口主汊道的5个柱状样的210Pb和137Cs测年以及粒度参数的分析,并与前期合作研究的西汊道及西岸潮滩的4个柱状样沉积物的测年和粒度研究成果进行比对,探讨了流域来水来沙、河口沉积与海岸发育之间的耦合效应及鸭绿江河口地貌演化的新证据。结果表明:鸭绿江口主汊道存在河流和潮流两种沉积作用,不同时期动力作用不同;以潮流作用为主的沉积时段,其沉积特征与西汊道及西岸潮滩的一致;主汊道沉积物的物质来源与西汊道和西岸潮滩的物质来源存在差异。鸭绿江口的主汊道、西汊道及邻近海岸的沉积记录对环境变化、人类活动、流域大洪水等事件均存在响应,响应的时间基本同步,具有耦合效应。沉积记录中存在5个明显的“事件信号”,其中1960年最为重要,是鸭绿江河口地貌发生巨变的时间。  相似文献   

石岛湾四种常见鱼类的热耐受性比较研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

窦硕增  南鸥  曹亮  宋骏杰  田洪林  刘永叶 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):56-64

作者分别采用动态法和静态法两种实验方法,以石岛湾4种常见鱼类(许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)和矛尾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias))为研究对象,对比研究了在4个季节基础水温(5.0~26.0℃)和9个温升速率(0.5~15.0℃/h)下这些鱼类的热耐受性。结果表明,4种鱼类的CTM(最大临界温度)和24 h UILT_(50)(24 h高起始致死温度)均与基础水温呈显著正相关,温升速率对鱼类耐热性的影响因鱼种和季节基础温度而异;相同基础水温下4种实验鱼类的CTM值均高于24 h UILT_(50)。4种鱼类的24 h UILT50依次为:矛尾虎鱼许氏平鲉褐菖鲉大泷六线鱼。  相似文献   

威海近岸人工鱼礁布设对生物资源恢复效果   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

袁小楠  梁振林  吕振波  王颖丽  孙晓红 《海洋学报》2017,39(10):54-64

为了解人工鱼礁投放对区域内海洋生物资源恢复效果,于2013年3月至2014年1月在北黄海近岸人工鱼礁投放区进行调查。结果显示,该海区发现浮游动物53种,其中优势种为浮游桡足类。夏秋季底栖生物幼体成为季节性优势种。游泳动物共发现14种,主要为常见的礁区鱼类。底栖动物共12种,其中棘皮动物海燕为绝对优势种,为近岸养殖生物的主要敌害生物,主要的底栖资源优势种为虾蟹类与软体动物。投礁区的浮游动物与游泳动物物种数明显多于未投礁区,表明人工投礁有助于生物群落的恢复,提高生物多样性,改善区域生态系统。但该海域大型底栖藻类较少,还应进一步对大型底栖藻类增殖以提高海域初级生产。  相似文献   

Homotopy Method for Inverse Design of the Bulbous Bow of A Container Ship     

HUANG Yu-ji  FENG Bai-wei  HOU Guo-xiang  GAO Liang  XIAO Mi 《海洋工程》2017,31(1):98-102

The homotopy method is utilized in the present inverse hull design problem to minimize the wave-making coefficient of a 1300 TEU container ship with a bulbous bow. Moreover, in order to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, a properly smooth function is employed to update the homotopy parameter during iteration. Numerical results show that the homotopy method has been successfully applied in the inverse design of the ship hull. This method has an advantage of high performance on convergence and it is credible and valuable for engineering practice.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variability in sea surface temperatures for the Yellow Sea based on MODIS dataset     

Chunli Liu  Qiwei Sun  Qianguo Xing  Zhenlin Liang  Yue Deng  Lixin Zhu 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(1):1-10

The spatio-temporal variabilities in sea surface temperature (SST) were analyzed using a time series of MODIS datasets for four separate regions in the Yellow Sea (YS) that were located along a north-south axis. The space variant temporal anomaly was further decomposed using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) for estimating spatially distributed SST. The monthly SSTs showed similar temporal patterns in each region, which ranged from 2.4°C to 28.4°C in the study years 2011 to 2013, with seasonal cycles being stronger at the higher latitudes and weaker at the lower latitudes. Spatially, although there were no significant differences among the four regions (p < 0.05) in any year, the geographical distribution of SST was characterized by an obvious gradient whereby SST decreased along the north-south axis. The monthly thermal difference among regions was largest in winter since the SST in the southeast was mainly affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Currents. The EOF1 mode accounted for 56% of the total spatial variance and exhibited a warming signal during the study period. The EOF2 mode accounted for 8% of the total variance and indicated the warm current features in the YS. The EOF3 mode accounted for 6% of the total variance and indicated the topographical features. The methodology used in this study demonstrated the spatio-temporal variabilities in the YS.  相似文献   

Factors acquisition and content estimation of farmland soil organic carbon based upon Internet of Things     

Qiulan Wu  Yong Liang  Ying Li  Xizhi Wang  Lei Yang  Xiaotong Wang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2017,27(3):431-440

Aiming at the shortage of sufficient continuous parameters for using models to estimate farmland soil organic carbon (SOC) content, an acquisition method of factors influencing farmland SOC and an estimation method of farmland SOC content with Internet of Things (IOT) are proposed in this paper. The IOT sensing device and transmission network were established in a wheat demonstration base in Yanzhou Distict of Jining City, Shandong Province, China to acquire data in real time. Using real-time data and statistics data, the dynamic changes of SOC content between October 2012 and June 2015 was simulated in the experimental area with SOC dynamic simulation model. In order to verify the estimation results, potassium dichromate external heating method was applied for measuring the SOC content. The results show that: 1) The estimated value matches the measured value in the lab very well. So the method is feasible in this paper. 2) There is a clear dynamic variation in the SOC content at 0.2 m soil depth in different growing periods of wheat. The content reached the highest level during the sowing period, and is lowest in the flowering period. 3) The SOC content at 0.2 m soil depth varies in accordance with the amount of returned straw. The larger the amount of returned straw is, the higher the SOC content.  相似文献   

New-type urbanization in China: Predicted trends and investment demand for 2015–2030     

Dongqi Sun  Liang Zhou  Yu Li  Haimeng Liu  Xiaoyan Shen  Zedong Wang  Xixi Wang 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(8):943-966

The future development of new-type urbanization has drawn great attention from both the government and public alike. In this context, the present study had three related research aims. Firstly, it sought to predict the urbanization and population dynamics in China at both national and provincial levels for the period of 2015 to 2030. Secondly, on this basis, it sought to examine the spatial variation of urbanization given the predicted national urbanization rate of 70.12%. Thirdly, it sought to estimate and evaluate the national and provincial demands of investment in the development of new-type urbanization. The main conclusions from this study were as follows: (1) The population size and urbanization rate will reach 1.445 billion and 70.12%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. (2) The demographic dividend will vanish when the population pressure reaches its maximum. During this period, there will be 70.16 million urban population born. The suburban population that becomes urbanized will be 316.7 million, and thus the net increase in urban population will reach 386 million. (3) Although the urbanization rate of every Chinese province will increase during 2015–2030, it will do so unequally, while differences in urbanization quality among provinces will also be substantial. In some provinces, moreover, the urbanization quality is not compatible with their eco-social development. (4) A total of 4,105,380 billion yuan is required to fund new-type urbanization and the investment demand for each province varies greatly; for example, Guangdong province requires the most funding, amounting to approximately 148 times that required by Tibet, the province in least need of funding. In the final part of this study, policy suggestions concerning the investment of the new-type urbanization are put forward and discussed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of diffuse and preferential flow pathways of infiltrated precipitation and irrigation using oxygen and hydrogen isotopes     

Ma  Bin  Liang  Xing  Liu  Shaohua  Jin  Menggui  Nimmo  John R.  Li  Jing 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(3):675-688

Subsurface-water flow pathways in three different land-use areas (non-irrigated grassland, poplar forest, and irrigated arable land) in the central North China Plain were investigated using oxygen (¹⁸O) and hydrogen (²H) isotopes in samples of precipitation, soils, and groundwater. Soil water in the top 10 cm was significantly affected by both evaporation and infiltration. Water at 10–40 cm depth in the grassland and arable land, and 10–60 cm in poplar forest, showed a relatively short residence time, as a substantial proportion of antecedent soil water was mixed with a 92-mm storm infiltration event, whereas below those depths (down to 150 cm), depleted δ¹⁸O spikes suggested that some storm water bypassed the shallow soil layers. Significant differences, in soil-water content and δ¹⁸O values, within a small area, suggested that the proportion of immobile soil water and water flowing in subsurface pathways varies depending on local vegetation cover, soil characteristics and irrigation applications. Soil-water δ¹⁸O values revealed that preferential flow and diffuse flow coexist. Preferential flow was active within the root zone, independent of antecedent soil-water content, in both poplar forest and arable land, whereas diffuse flow was observed in grassland. The depleted δ¹⁸O spikes at 20–50 cm depth in the arable land suggested the infiltration of irrigation water during the dry season. Temporal isotopic variations in precipitation were subdued in the shallow groundwater, suggesting more complete mixing of different input waters in the unsaturated zone before reaching the shallow groundwater.

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河南省济源盆地下侏罗统鞍腰组重力流沉积特征及其构造意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

杨文涛  吴蒙  杨旅涵  史飞  梁厅 《古地理学报》2017,19(3):433-444

在详细野外剖面工作的基础上,通过岩性特征、沉积构造及沉积序列等的系统观察研究,发现济源盆地下侏罗统鞍腰组重力流沉积由滑塌沉积、砂质碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积构成。滑塌沉积以砂岩和泥岩的混杂、岩层的滑动变形以及泥岩呈碎块被卷入砂岩层中为特征;砂质碎屑流沉积常呈厚层块状,颗粒分选和磨圆较差,杂基较多,可见漂浮于层内的石灰岩砾石;常见的浊流沉积分为2种类型: 具有明显正粒序结构的浊流沉积和砂泥岩薄互层的浊流沉积,可用鲍马序列来描述。鞍腰组重力流沉积可划分为3个沉积序列: 序列A记录了滑塌沉积→砂质碎屑流沉积→浊流沉积→深湖沉积的转换过程;序列B表现为砂质碎屑流与浊流沉积的叠覆;序列C由浊流及湖泊沉积构成,并经历了由序列A→序列B→序列C的沉积演化过程。重力流的形成受秦岭造山带于早侏罗世沿三门峡—鲁山—舞阳断裂发生逆冲推覆作用的控制,其沉积演化指示了秦岭造山带造山作用由强到弱的过程。  相似文献   

山东省灵山岛下白垩统青山群火山地震软沉积物变形构造特征及成因机制^*          下载免费PDF全文

周瑶琪  周腾飞  张振凯  梁钊  梁文栋  王安东  于姗姗 《古地理学报》2017,19(4):567-582

近年来,针对山东省灵山岛地区软沉积物变形构造的研究呈现热潮,但研究层位主要集中于下白垩统莱阳群的浊积岩,对下白垩统青山群未见详述。利用野外露头与镜下薄片资料,详细描述了灵山岛地区下白垩统青山群的岩性特征、岩相组合、软沉积物变形构造类型与特征,指出研究区青山群软沉积物变形构造主要宿主岩层为陆相扇三角洲沉积,其沉积水体逐渐变浅,并伴随多次火山爆发。软沉积物变形构造类型主要有负载构造、球—枕构造、泄水构造、挤入构造、水塑性褶皱、塑性砂岩团块包卷构造、火山地震落石构造和“V”型地裂缝等,形成原因主要为火山爆发引起的古火山地震作用,成因机制主要分为地震波、火山碎屑物重力及惯性作用与瞬时差异气压效应3种,这与莱阳群浊积岩层位的软沉积物变形构造主要为滑塌与构造古地震机制不同。通过分析火山碎屑流堆积层位与软沉积物变形构造发育层位的关系,建立了青山群软沉积物变形构造的分布模式,即随着与火山口距离的变化,近源易见的脆性变形逐渐消失,中源以液化软沉积物变形与塑性变形为主体,远源呈现弱的液化软沉积物变形,且软沉积物变形构造的规模与距离呈负相关。  相似文献