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21.
Lise Saugeres 《Geoforum》2000,31(4)
This paper seeks to contribute to the theme of institutional geographies by exploring how the prevailing socio-spatial order is recreated and legitimated in the ways in which public rented housing is managed and delivered by housing associations and local authorities in the UK. The public rented sector has been increasingly catering for the most vulnerable sections of the population who are dependent on state benefits and cannot afford any other form of housing. As a result, housing staffs have found themselves having to take on a welfare role which entails controlling and policing social tenants who are seen to be causing disorder in society. This paper shows how a dominant housing management discourse reproduced by policies and staff at both front-line and management levels is that of an emerging ‘underclass’ promoted by right wing politicians and the media since the 1980s. According to dominant housing management discourse the members of this underclass are disrupting traditional patriarchal and capitalist institutions and values. Tenants’ houses and gardens not conforming to culturally and socially acceptable standards of cleanliness and tidiness symbolises tenants’ lack of conformity to the prevailing institutional order. Drawing on in-depth interviews with housing officers and managers, and observations of interviews between staff and tenants in six housing organisations, this paper analyses the ways in which housing organisations seek to control social tenants through the imposition of certain norms of cleanliness over their houses and gardens. 相似文献
22.
Pauline Durand-Riard Lise Salles Mary Ford Guillaume Caumon Jeanne Pellerin 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(8):1530-1539
The analysis of basin dynamics and burial evolution requires a good understanding of sediment compaction. Classically, decompaction of sediments is performed in one dimension at a well location, using either a simple compaction/depth relationship or more complex elasto-plastic models. This paper presents a new approach combining sequential decompaction with 3D restoration to allow for a true 3D basin analysis. Decompaction is performed in 3D after each restoration step, thus taking into account possible tectonic events and lateral thickness variations. Care is taken to apply decompaction to ensure volume continuity especially around faults. This approach is particularly suitable for syn-depositional folds whose growth strata constrain tectonic evolution through time.The proposed approach is applied to the sand-rich turbiditic reservoir analogue of Annot (SE France) where two fictitious wells are used to compare the new 3D technique to a well decompaction analysis. Coupling restoration and decompaction leads to an improved assessment of the basin history: an uplift of the underlying units is identified, which was not detected using decompaction on wells only. Such differences may have a significant impact on possible hydrocarbon maturation models of the basin. Moreover, the geometry of the restored and decompacted models can better constrains the basin history, and influence our understanding of potential hydrocarbon migration pathways. 相似文献
23.
Saša Simić Luka Č. Popović Michael I. Andersen Lise Christensen 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,309(1-4):173-177
In this paper we investigate the variability of the gamma ray burst light curve. It is generally known that this fluctuation
arise in the second phase of a GRB event, when two shock waves of different Lorentz factors collide. This is so called internal
shock scenario. We have developed a simple model which includes dynamical and radiating part, to simulate shock wave evolution
and collision. By specifying the model parameters, we show that this scenario could be used to describe variability of GRB
light curve. We then use the model to simulate peeks in several different long GRB events from the BATSE database, which show
us that some of the basic parameters have a very narrow range of values.
相似文献
24.
Different flux estimation techniques are compared here in order to evaluate air–sea exchange measurement methods used on moving
platforms. Techniques using power spectra and cospectra to estimate fluxes are presented and applied to measurements of wind
speed and sensible heat, latent heat and CO2 fluxes. Momentum and scalar fluxes are calculated from the dissipation technique utilizing the inertial subrange of the power
spectra and from estimation of the cospectral amplitude, and both flux estimates are compared to covariance derived fluxes.
It is shown how even data having a poor signal-to-noise ratio can be used for flux estimations. 相似文献
25.
The study addresses a 10 m deep phreatic postglacial sandy aquifer of vertically varying lithology and horizontally varying infiltration water chemistry, displaying calcite dissolution, ion-exchange, and anaerobic redox processes. The simple variations in lithology and infiltration combine into a complex groundwater chemistry, showing ongoing Fe-oxide reduction, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Rates of sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and methane oxidation were measured directly using radiotracers. Maximum rates were 1.5 mM/yr for sulfate reduction, 0.3 mM/yr for methanogenesis, and only 4.5 μM/yr for methane oxidation. The overlap of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis was very small. The important intermediates formed during the degradation of the organic matter in the sediment, formate and acetate, had concentrations around 2 μM in the sulfate reducing zone, increasing to 10 and 25 μM in the methanogenic part. The concentration of H2 was around 0.25 nM in the Fe-reducing zone, 0.4 nM in the sulfate reducing zone, and increased to 6 nM in the methanogenic zone. Using in situ concentrations of products and reactants the available energies for a range of different reactions could be calculated. The results of the calculations are in accordance with the observed distribution of the ongoing redox processes, implying that the system is well described using a partial equilibrium approach. A 2D numerical PHAST model of the system based on the partial equilibrium approach, extended by implementing specific energy yields for the microbial redox processes, could explain most of the observed groundwater geochemistry as an expression of a closely coupled system of mineral equilibria and redox processes occurring at partial equilibrium. 相似文献
26.
Jan Mangerud Sven Erik Lie Harald Furnes Inger Lise Kristiansen Leif Lømo 《Quaternary Research》1984,21(1):85-104
A bed of volcanic ash up to 23 cm thick is found in lacustrine and marine sediments in western Norway. It is formally mamed the Vedde Ash Bed, and its age is approximately 10,600 yr B.P., i.e., mid-Younger Dryas. The bed consits of pure glass having a bimodal basaltic and rhyolitic somposition. The geochemistry of the glass shards suggests an Icelandic source. By means of stratigraphic position and geochemistry, the ash is correlated with ash zones found in cores from the continental shelf, the Norwegian Sea, and the North Atlatic. 相似文献
27.
Jesper Stokkendal Henrik Friis Johan B. Svendsen Mette Lise K. Poulsen Lars Hamberg 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009
The Hermod sand of the Stine Segments, Siri Field, Danish North Sea, displays large permeability variations (1–600 mD). These permeability variations represent horizontal layering in the reservoir, largely formed by diagenetic processes. They have a significant impact on reservoir performance, because horizontal producers in fairly thin reservoirs (∼30 m) are protected against bottom-water influx and can produce water-free for long periods of time. 相似文献
28.
Christian Fertner Niels Boje Groth Lise Herslund Trine Agervig Carstensen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2015,115(2):119-132
Small towns are often considered as losing out in the current trend towards urban development. However, research from around Europe shows a great diversity of small town development, including successful development trajectories despite geographical disadvantages. Investigations into this are predominately done in the context of economic development and urban systems, but such approaches fail to explain why a number of small towns that are not centrally located near a metropolitan region are not in decay. This paper examines how the restructuring of retail and service sectors, demographic composition, residential migration, social organisation and community engagement form and affect small town (1000–5000 inhabitants) development patterns in Denmark and specific place-based endowments. The study is carried out with mixed methods, comprising a quantitative analysis of development trends, complemented by qualitative case studies in six small towns. Our findings show how favourable development paths are a combination of a positive development in population, provision of daily commodities and attractive housing, and a high number of local voluntary social organisations. Introducing the concept of ‘residential urbanism’, the paper discusses the extent to which a residentially driven urban development can compensate for the generally unfavourable regional development context. 相似文献
29.
Lise Tole 《GeoJournal》2002,57(4):251-271
This study uses MSS data to derive sub-national level deforestation rates at the constituency administrative level for Jamaica
for 1987 and 1992. It then investigates the role of poverty and population in driving forest loss during this period by linking
these estimates in a GIS with constituency level demographic and socioeconomic census data for the island. OLS regression
results support the importance of population pressures and poverty in driving the destruction of Jamaica's forests and the
relative contribution to deforestation of their various measures are noted and discussed. In addition to providing information
on Jamaica's deforestation attributes, the study demonstrates how remotely sensed data can be used in conjunction with household
census data to derive information on human-forest interactions at the sub-national level. A small simulation experiment based
on regression results using key variables suggests that under any scenario, the impacts of key social and demographic changes
on Jamaica's remaining forest cover may be substantial by the year 2010.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
30.
Gerrit de Leeuw Leo Cohen Lise Marie Frohn Gary Geernaert Ole Hertel Bjarne Jensen Tim Jickells Laura Klein Gerard J. Kunz Soren Lund Marcel Moerman Frank Müller Britta Pedersen Knut von Salzen K. Heinke Schlünzen Michael Schulz Carsten A. Skjth Lise-Lotte Sorensen Lucinda Spokes Susanne Tamm Elisabetta Vignati 《Continental Shelf Research》2001,21(18-19)
The aim of the atmospheric nitrogen inputs into the coastal ecosystem (ANICE) project is to improve transport–chemistry models that estimate nitrogen deposition to the sea. To achieve this, experimental and modelling work is being conducted which aims to improve understanding of the processes involved in the chemical transformation, transport and deposition of atmospheric nitrogen compounds. Of particular emphasis within ANICE is the influence of coastal zone processes. Both short episodes with high deposition and chronic nitrogen inputs are considered in the project. The improved transport–chemistry models will be used to assess the atmospheric inputs of nitrogen compounds into the European regional seas (the North Sea is studied as a prototype) and evaluate the impact of various emission reduction strategies on the atmospheric nitrogen loads. Assessment of the impact of atmospheric nitrogen on coastal ecosystems will be based on comparisons of phytoplankton nitrogen requirements, other external nitrogen inputs to the ANICE area of interest and the direct nitrogen fluxes provided by ANICE. Selected results from both the experimental and modelling components are presented here. The experimental results show the large spatial and temporal variability in the concentrations of gaseous nitrogen compounds, and their influences on fluxes. Model calculations show the strong variation of both concentrations and gradients of nitric acid at fetches of up to 25 km. Aerosol concentrations also show high temporal variability and experimental evidence for the reaction between nitric acid and sea salt aerosol is provided by size-segregated aerosol composition measured at both sides of the North Sea. In several occasions throughout the experimental period, air mass back trajectory analysis showed connected flow between the two sampling sites (the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory on the North Norfolk coast of the UK and Meetpost Noordwijk, a research tower at 9 km off the Dutch coast). Results from the METRAS/SEMA mesoscale chemistry transport model system for one of these cases are presented. Measurements of aerosol and rain chemical composition, using equipment mounted on a commercial ferry, show variations in composition across the North Sea. These measurements have been compared to results obtained with the transport–chemistry model ACDEP which calculates the atmospheric inputs into the whole North Sea area. Finally, the results will be made available for the assessment of the impact of atmospheric nitrogen on coastal ecosystems. 相似文献