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41.
藏南拆离系和亚东裂谷是藏南地区重要的伸展构造,与青藏高原的隆升和生长密切相关,其新生代以来的构造热-年代学研究,对探讨高原的生长过程和大陆变形动力学具有重要意义。本文对西藏南部亚东地区的冲巴雍错花岗岩进行了U-Pb定年和低温热年代学分析,结果表明,岩体自22Ma侵位后经历了5个不同的冷却阶段：18~15.6Ma期间岩体的冷却速率为125℃/Myr;15.6~11Ma期间,平均冷却速率约94℃/Myr;11~7Ma期间,平均冷却速率约24℃/Myr;7~3Ma平均冷却速率约5℃/Myr;3Ma以后平均冷却速率约为14℃/Myr。因岩体位于藏南拆离系内,又被亚东断层切过,认为藏南拆离系的活动时限为22~11Ma,亚东正断层的起始活动时间为11Ma,且热历史模拟结果显示岩体在~3Ma发生了快速冷却,可能指示了亚东裂谷的一次强烈活动。 相似文献
42.
Although development is widely held to be the solution to poverty in the Third World, a case can be made that it is a part of the problem. It is commonly believed that development eradicates poverty through increased production of goods and services, but the past history of that activity also contains an unacknowledged history of socially-constructed scarcity. Poverty is a form of development-induced scarcity caused by the playing out of production relations located within a nexus of interacting technical, social, political, cultural, ecological, and academic relations. In that sense poverty is caused by multiple forces acting within a discursive materialist formation. We have used an analytical framework called the nexus of production relations to elucidate these ideas. This framework also suggests that the opportunities available to the poor for meeting their needs are far more varied and numerous than theories of economic development would have us believe. 相似文献
43.
Maria Luce Frezzotti Tom Andersen Else-Ragnhild Neumann Siri Lene Simonsen 《Lithos》2002,64(3-4):77-96
Three types of fluid inclusions have been identified in olivine porphyroclasts in the spinel harzburgite and lherzolite xenoliths from Tenerife: pure CO2 (Type A); carbonate-rich CO2–SO2 mixtures (Type B); and polyphase inclusions dominated by silicate glass±fluid±sp±silicate±sulfide±carbonate (Type C). Type A inclusions commonly exhibit a “coating” (a few microns thick) consisting of an aggregate of a platy, hydrous Mg–Fe–Si phase, most likely talc, together with very small amounts of halite, dolomite and other phases. Larger crystals (e.g. (Na,K)Cl, dolomite, spinel, sulfide and phlogopite) may be found on either side of the “coating”, towards the wall of the host mineral or towards the inclusion center. These different fluids were formed through the immiscible separations and fluid–wall-rock reactions from a common, volatile-rich, siliceous, alkaline carbonatite melt infiltrating the upper mantle beneath the Tenerife. First, the original siliceous carbonatite melt is separated from a mixed CO2–H2O–NaCl fluid and a silicate/silicocarbonatite melt (preserved in Type A inclusions). The reaction of the carbonaceous silicate melt with the wall-rock minerals gave rise to large poikilitic orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene grains, and smaller neoblasts. During the metasomatic processes, the consumption of the silicate part of the melt produced carbonate-enriched Type B CO2–SO2 fluids which were trapped in exsolved orthopyroxene porphyroclasts. At the later stages, the interstitial silicate/silicocarbonatite fluids were trapped as Type C inclusions. At a temperature above 650 °C, the mixed CO2–H2O–NaCl fluid inside the Type A inclusions were separated into CO2-rich fluid and H2O–NaCl brine. At T<650 °C, the residual silicate melt reacted with the host olivine, forming a reaction rim or “coating” along the inclusion walls consisting of talc (or possibly serpentine) together with minute crystals of NaCl, KCl, carbonates and sulfides, leaving a residual CO2 fluid. The homogenization temperatures of +2 to +25 °C obtained from the Type A CO2 inclusions reflect the densities of the residual CO2 after its reactions with the olivine host, and are unrelated to the initial fluid density or the external pressure at the time of trapping. The latter are restricted by the estimated crystallization temperatures of 1000–1200 °C, and the spinel lherzolite phase assemblage of the xenolith, which is 0.7–1.7 GPa. 相似文献