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1.
喜马拉雅造山带中部亚东地区位于藏南拆离系与南北向裂谷交汇处，是研究青藏高原南北向伸展和东西向伸展构造体制转换的关键地区，该地区新生代构造变形与冷却剥蚀过程对理解青藏高原的隆升历史和深部- 浅部动力学机制具有重要意义。本文对亚东地区开展两个剖面的磷灰石和锆石(U- Th)/He低温热年代学以及QTQt热史模拟分析，结果显示亚东地区大喜马拉雅结晶岩系剖面的10个磷灰石(U- Th)/He年龄分布范围为11.23~4.87 Ma，亚东- 谷露裂谷剖面的锆石和磷灰石(U- Th)/He年龄分别介于9.02~6.48 Ma和8.63~6.13 Ma。综合区域热年代学资料提出亚东地区大喜马拉雅结晶岩系自中新世以来经历了两期快速冷却事件：第一期为中新世中期(16~11 Ma)，由藏南拆离系（哲古拉拆离断层）伸展拆离作用控制的快速冷却，11 Ma前后冷却速率的明显转折变化指示了剥蚀驱动机制的转变，高原伸展体制开始向东西向伸展转换；第二期为中新世晚期到上新世(10~5 Ma)，期间存在由于亚东- 谷露裂谷伸展活动而导致的构造剥露，产生了9~6 Ma极快速冷却，平均冷却速率为290 ℃/Ma，约束了亚东- 谷露裂谷的启动时间为10 Ma左右。沿亚东藏南拆离系向南剖面上，磷灰石(U- Th)/He年龄数据总体呈现“老—新—老”的变化趋势，暗示了经历过部分熔融的大喜马拉雅结晶岩系通过中下地壳渠道流侧向挤出。综合已有的大喜马拉雅结晶岩系的结晶、冷却年代数据，提出大喜马拉雅结晶岩系的剥蚀冷却过程呈现多阶段和不等速特征，即存在25~11 Ma、10~5 Ma以及约3 Ma以来三个主要快速冷却阶段，受控于区域构造活动或者气候剧烈变化。 相似文献
2.
本文采集藏南冲巴淡色花岗岩样品并进行系统的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb和白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,冲巴淡色花岗岩年龄为12.4±0.4 Ma,处于前人划分的新喜马拉雅阶段与后喜马拉雅阶段分界处。结合淡色花岗岩沿藏南拆离系分布的特征,可将其归入新喜马拉雅阶段。冲巴淡色花岗岩为同构造侵位花岗岩,是藏南拆离系活动导致的构造减压熔融的产物,12.4±0.4 Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄代表了研究区藏南拆离系的活动时代。然而,这一活动时代明显滞后于喜马拉雅中西部地区,呈现自西向东启动时代和停止活动时代逐渐变晚的趋势;白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学分析表明,冲巴淡色花岗岩冷却年龄分别为9.11±0.25 Ma和9.62±0.10 Ma。锆石U-Pb和白云母~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学计算表明,冲巴淡色花岗岩体从12.4 Ma到9.11 Ma发生了快速冷却剥露,冷却速率高达137~162℃/Ma,这一结果与前人通过变质P-T-t研究得到的快速折返的结论相吻合。综合前人研究成果,认为12.4~9.11 Ma的快速冷却事件可能与研究区藏南拆离系的大规模伸展拆离导致的构造剥露有关。 相似文献
3.
引入裂变径迹方法研究藏南拆离系(STDS)的活动历史。通过青藏高原喜马拉雅卓奥友峰5个锆石和4个磷灰石样品的裂变径迹实验,分别获得11.2~17.1 Ma和12.4~14.3 Ma的年龄范围。年龄温度法计算得到中新世时期洛子峰拆离断层在卓奥友峰地区剥蚀作用逐渐增强的结论：(1)17.1~15.2 Ma地壳冷却速率较慢,约为37.8 ℃/Ma;(2)15.2~13.5 Ma地壳冷却速率为82.4 ℃/Ma,并且在14.3 Ma左右构造活动最强烈,达到峰值;(3)13.5~12.4 Ma地壳冷却速率可达100 ℃/Ma。 相似文献
4.
燕山南缘盘山岩体的热历史与构造-地貌演化过程 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
应用热年代学方法,揭示了燕山南缘盘山岩体的热历史与隆升过程。结果表明,盘山岩体的侵位深度约为10km.岩体侵位以后,经历了快速冷却过程,在226.48Ma~204.95Ma期间,岩体温度由520℃冷却至300℃,平均降温速率为10.22℃/Ma.204.95Ma~118Ma期间为盘山岩体的缓缦隆升时期,平均隆升速率约为0.028mm/a,隆升幅度约2.5km.118Ma~96Ma为盘山岩体较快速隆升时期,隆升速率为0.035mm/a,隆升幅度约0.77km.96Ma~35Ma为盘山岩体与盘山山脉的快速隆升时期,隆升速率约为0.115mm/a,隆升总幅度达7km.35Ma以来,盘山岩体的隆升速率很小,仅约0.014mm/a,隆升幅度约为0.5km.盘山周缘环状构造系统的形成时代略早于226.48Ma,盘山南缘边界正断层的活动时代为中生代末~始新世。 相似文献
5.
藏南伸展拆离系聂拉木-带构造抬升的热年代学证据 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在野外构造填图的基础上,采集藏南伸展拆离系(STDS)断层面及断层下盘的糜棱岩及花岗岩进行了初步研究,获得糜棱岩中白云母单矿物Ar-Ar坪年龄为15.6 Ma,磷灰石裂变径迹测年得到9～11.7 Ma,MDD模式处理获得12 Ma以来的抬升速率为53℃/Ma.热年代测试结果表明,喜马拉雅山体北侧地区在伸展作用形成后发生了快速的抬升. 相似文献
6.
黑龙江省东部佳木斯隆起是佳木斯地块重要组成部分,经历了多期板块碰撞闭合事件的影响,对其隆升剥露历史的热年代学研究有助于加深对东北各地块的碰撞拼贴历史以及古亚洲洋东端构造演化的认识。本文通过对黑龙江省东部佳木斯隆起老平岗花岗岩岩体中的锆石LA-ICP-MS、独居石Th-U-Pb化学法(CHIME)以及(钾长石、黑云母)~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法同位素年龄的测定,恢复了佳木斯隆起多期隆升剥露的构造热演化历史。研究结果显示佳木斯隆起晚三叠世之前主要存在三个隆升阶段,分别为早古生代早期(511~494Ma)和晚二叠世-中三叠世早期(260~240Ma)的快速隆升阶段以及期间的相对慢速隆升阶段。511~494Ma快速隆升阶段,冷却速率为11.76℃/Myr,隆升速率为0.294mm/a,17Myr隆升总幅度达5.00km,代表了佳木斯地块与松嫩地块的碰撞拼贴事件;494~260Ma相对慢速隆升阶段,冷却速率为1.51℃/Myr,隆升速率为0.038mm/a,234Myr隆升总幅度仅有8.80km;260~240Ma快速隆升阶段,冷却速率平均为8.44℃/Myr,隆升速度平均为0.211mm/a,20Myr隆升幅度平均达4.22km,该事件应与佳木斯地块与华北板块在晚二叠世-中三叠世的碰撞拼接事件有关。 相似文献
7.
为研究青藏高原向东构造挤压过程中，构造变形扩展方式的变化，文章选取青藏高原东缘为研究对象，开展了磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹测定及分析工作。结果表明，若尔盖盆地和龙门山块体具有诸多低温热年代学及构造隆升差异：若尔盖盆地样品冷却速率较为集中，介于1.257～1.285℃/Myr，而龙门山块体样品冷却速率变化较大，介于1.243～2.875℃/Myr；若尔盖盆地在100 Ma以来共经历了2次明显的构造热事件，第一次为100～80 Ma（冷却速率为4.40±0.395℃/Myr），第二次为21～12 Ma（冷却速率为2.89±0.597℃/Myr），龙门山块体东缘地区在70 Ma以来，总体上表现为构造隆升程度的逐渐增强，且在8 Ma以来构造隆升持续增强，冷却速率达到了5.75±0.238℃/Myr；若尔盖盆地的构造变形属于前展式构造扩展，而龙门山块体则为后展式（自8 Ma以来），文章将该过程总结为“构造变形扩展的反射和折射”现象，“反射部分”在第四纪（4.48 Ma）达到龙日坝断裂附近，形成兼具逆冲与右旋走滑的龙日坝断裂带。 相似文献
8.
房山岩体位于华北克拉通北缘,明确其中-新生代的隆升剥露过程及构造演化史可以为华北克拉通的构造演化提供有力证据.运用锆石裂变径迹、磷灰石（U-Th）/He及锆石（U-Th）/He等构造热年代学研究方法,综合房山岩体高、中、低温热年代学资料,重建了房山岩体的构造-热演化历史,并根据不同矿物的封闭温度差（ΔT）和与之对应冷却年龄差（Δt）的关系,计算侵入岩体在不同构造热演化阶段的抬升冷却速率,分析了岩体隆升速率的变化特征,结合前人研究成果进一步探讨了房山岩体隆升过程的基本特点.研究表明,房山侵入岩体构造热演化分为4个阶段:（1）130.0~123.5 Ma,侵位岩浆结晶-固结阶段,岩体平均冷却速率高达88.46 ℃/Ma;（2）123.5~56.0 Ma,岩体相对缓慢冷却阶段,平均冷却速率为0.74 ℃/Ma,平均隆升速率为29.6 m/Ma;（3）56~35 Ma,岩体相对快速冷却阶段,平均冷却速率为6.90 ℃/Ma,隆升速率为276.0 m/Ma;（4）35 Ma以来,岩体相对缓慢冷却阶段,平均冷却速率为1.0 ℃/Ma,隆升速率为40.0 m/Ma,构造趋于稳定.结合区域构造动力学环境的研究,分析了房山岩体构造热演化可能的动力学成因,认为房山岩体阶段性抬升冷却可能与华北克拉通东部太平洋板块的俯冲作用、南北两侧陆内俯冲造山作用和西南部印度-欧亚大陆碰撞、青藏高原隆升等远程构造挤压有关.房山岩体的形成及相对快速抬升冷却阶段分别对应于华北克拉通两期重要的破坏高峰. 相似文献
9.
藏南康马拆离断层的构造特征及其活动时代 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藏南康马穹窿是北喜马拉雅片麻岩穹窿的经典代表,穹窿内发育上、下两条拆离断层并将穹窿分为三个构造层,其中上拆离断层分隔了上构造层未变质/轻微变质的特提斯喜马拉雅沉积岩系和中构造层的石榴石二云母片岩,而下拆离断层,即康马拆离断层,分隔了中构造层的石榴石二云母片岩和下构造层的片麻状二云母花岗岩。受康马拆离断层的影响,其上下两盘靠近拆离断层面处的岩石遭受强烈的韧性变形改造,形成了糜棱岩化石榴石二云母片岩和花岗质糜棱岩,宏观构造解析以及构造岩的显微构造分析表明,康马拆离断层经历了上盘向北的伸展拆离。本次研究采用40Ar/39Ar定年方法,选择拆离断层带内糜棱岩化石榴石二云母片岩中同变形新生白云母进行年代学测定,结果显示白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为13.23±0.15 Ma,结合宏微观岩石矿物学分析,认为其代表了向北伸展拆离的变形时间,即康马拆离断层的活动时代,该时代与康马穹窿南部的藏南拆离系的活动时代一致,从年代学上暗示二者可能为同一条拆离断层,是在不同区域的出露,但该结论仍然需要更多地质、地球物理等方面的证据来证实。 相似文献
10.
云南德钦白马雪山岩体热历史及其对青藏高原三江地区构造地貌演化的指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原三江地区高程缓降、河流及深切峡谷发育,重建其构造-热年代时空演化为把握该地区地形地貌发育演化的内在驱动力提供科学依据。本研究以云南德钦白马雪山岩体为研究对象,开展磷灰石(U-Th)/He及裂变径迹年代学分析,结合已发表的U-Pb和Ar-Ar年代学结果来重塑该地区的构造-热演化历史和地形演化。研究表明,该地区经历了多期快速冷却事件:三叠世的岩浆侵位活动,早白垩世和中-晚始新世的快速冷却,以及中新世和上新世以来的快速剥蚀。青藏高原隆升致使全球气候变化的同时也导致其周缘地区经受强烈侵蚀:中新世以来(21~11Ma)快速冷却速率为10℃/Myr,而上新世以来(ca.5Ma)冷却速率从10℃/Myr增至15℃/Myr。假定区域现今地温梯度为25~35℃/km,河谷剖面不同位置的侵蚀速率及剥蚀量的空间分布特征进一步表明(靠近澜沧江主干道处侵蚀速率远高于其支流,且对应的年龄相对年轻),河流下切及溯源侵蚀的多重效应导致该地区快速剥蚀、剥露,地形起伏加大的瞬态地貌演化规律。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献