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111.
Vojtěch Janoušek Jaroslav Aichler Pavel Hanžl Axel Gerdes Vojtěch Erban Vladimír Žáček Vratislav Pecina Marta Pudilová Kristýna Hrdličková Petr Mixa Eliška Žáčková 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(2):455-483
The low-grade metavolcanic/volcanosedimentary complex of the Devonian Vrbno Group (Silesicum, NE Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic) occurs in two ~NE–SW trending belts, separated by tectonic slices of Cadomian metagranitic paraautochton. (1) The basic–intermediate lavas of the calc-alkaline Western Volcanic Belt came from a moderately depleted mantle $ \left( {\varepsilon_{\text{Nd}}^{370} \sim + 3} \right) $ . Rare rhyolites (374.0 ± 1.7 Ma: 2σ, LA–ICP–MS U–Pb Zrn) were derived most likely from immature crust or by extensive fractionation of primary basaltic melts. The rock association is interpreted as a vestige of a deeply dissected continental arc. (2) The Eastern Volcanic Belt consists mainly of (nearly) contemporaneous (371.0 ± 1.4 Ma) felsic alkaline lavas with high HFSE contents, as well as high Ga/Al and Fe/Mg ratios, typical of within-plate igneous setting. The petrology and Nd–Sr isotopic data point to a high-T anatexis of a young metagranitic crust, resembling the Cadomian (Brunovistulian) basement, in a back-arc setting. The attenuated Brunovistulian lithosphere could have partially melted by the heat provided by the upwelling asthenosphere and/or underplating basic magma. (3) Finally, the region was penetrated by numerous subalkaline, MORB/EMORB-like dolerite sheets—a hallmark of the considerable crustal thinning. 相似文献
112.
Maria F. Gazulla Marta Rodrigo Monica Orduña Carmen M. Gómez 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2012,36(2):201-217
This article describes a series of methods developed for the determination of total carbon (CTotal), organic carbon (Corg), hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. The following elemental analysers were used: LECO model RC‐412 for the determination of organic carbon, total carbon and hydrogen; LECO model CS‐200 for the determination of total carbon and sulfur; LECO model TN‐400 for the determination of nitrogen; and LECO model TruSpec CHNS for the determination of organic carbon, total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. Uncertainty and limits of detection and quantification were calculated for each method, as well as the running costs to define the most effective instrument for each material and each analyte. Accuracy was checked by the application of the Sutarno–Steger test. Finally, a compilation of the results obtained in the determination of CTotal, Corg, H, N and S in forty‐nine reference materials is presented. 相似文献
113.
In southern Poland, Miocene deposits have been recognised both in the Outer Carpathians and the Carpathian Foredeep (PCF). In the Outer Carpathians, the Early Miocene deposits represent the youngest part of the flysch sequence, while in the Polish Carpathian Foredeep they are developed on the basement platform. The inner foredeep (beneath the Carpathians) is composed of Early to Middle Miocene deposits, while the outer foredeep is filled up with the Middle Miocene (Badenian and Sarmatian) strata, up to 3,000mthick. The Early Miocene strata are mainly terrestrial in origin, whereas the Badenian and Sarmatian strata are marine. The Carpathian Foredeep developed as a peripheral foreland basin related to the moving Carpathian front. The main episodes of intensive subsidence in the PCF correspond to the period of progressive emplacement of the Western Carpathians onto the foreland plate. The important driving force of tectonic subsidence was the emplacement of the nappe load related to subduction roll-back. During that time the loading effect of the thickening of the Carpathian accretionary wedge on the foreland plate increased and was followed by progressive acceleration of total subsidence. The mean rate of the Carpathian overthrusting, and north to north-east migration of the axes of depocentres reached 12 mm/yr at that time. During the Late Badenian-Sarmatian, the rate of advance of the Carpathian accretionary wedge was lower than that of pinch-out migration and, as a result, the basin widened. The Miocene convergence of the Carpathian wedge resulted in the migration of depocentres and onlap of successively younger deposits onto the foreland plate. 相似文献
114.
Slope instability induced by volcano-tectonics as an additional source of hazard in active volcanic areas: the case of Ischia island (Italy) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marta Della Seta Enrica Marotta Giovanni Orsi Sandro de Vita Fabio Sansivero Paola Fredi 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(1):79-106
Ischia is an active volcanic island in the Gulf of Naples whose history has been dominated by a caldera-forming eruption (ca.
55 ka) and resurgence phenomena that have affected the caldera floor and generated a net uplift of about 900 m since 33 ka.
The results of new geomorphological, stratigraphical and textural investigations of the products of gravitational movements
triggered by volcano-tectonic events have been combined with the information arising from a reinterpretation of historical
chronicles on natural phenomena such as earthquakes, ground deformation, gravitational movements and volcanic eruptions. The
combined interpretation of all these data shows that gravitational movements, coeval to volcanic activity and uplift events
related to the long-lasting resurgence, have affected the highly fractured marginal portions of the most uplifted Mt. Epomeo
blocks. Such movements, mostly occurring since 3 ka, include debris avalanches; large debris flows (lahars); smaller mass
movements (rock falls, slumps, debris and rock slides, and small debris flows); and deep-seated gravitational slope deformation.
The occurrence of submarine deposits linked with subaerial deposits of the most voluminous mass movements clearly shows that
the debris avalanches impacted on the sea. The obtained results corroborate the hypothesis that the behaviour of the Ischia
volcano is based on an intimate interplay among magmatism, resurgence dynamics, fault generation, seismicity, slope oversteepening
and instability, and eruptions. They also highlight that volcano-tectonically triggered mass movements are a potentially hazardous
phenomena that have to be taken into account in any attempt to assess volcanic and related hazards at Ischia. Furthermore,
the largest mass movements could also flow into the sea, generating tsunami waves that could impact on the island’s coast
as well as on the neighbouring and densely inhabited coast of the Neapolitan area. 相似文献
115.
Marta Tárraga Servando De La Cruz-Reyna Ana T. Mendoza-Rosas Roberto Carniel Alicia Martínez-Bringas Alicia García Ramon Ortiz 《Acta Geophysica》2012,60(3):664-681
The continuous background seismic activity contains information on the internal state of a volcanic system. Here, we report
the influence of major regional tectonic earthquakes (M > 5 in most cases) on such state, reflected as changes in the spectral and dynamical parameters of the volcano continuous
seismic data. Although changes do not always occur, analysis of five cases of earthquake-induced variations in the signals
recorded at Popocatépetl volcano in central México reveal significant fluctuations following the tectonic earthquakes. External
visible volcanic activity, such as small to moderate explosions and ash emissions, were related to those fluctuations. We
briefly discuss possible causes of the variations. We conclude that recognition of fluctuations in the dynamical parameters
in volcano monitoring seismic signals after tectonic earthquakes, even those located in the far field, hundreds of kilometers
away, may provide an additional criterion for eruption forecasting, and for decision making in the definition of volcanic
alert levels. 相似文献
116.
117.
Non‐Metabolic Uptake of Al3+ by Dead Leaves of Rubus ulmifolius: Comparison With Metabolic Bioaccumulation Data 下载免费PDF全文
118.
Michael Tsimplis Marta Marcos Samuel Somot Bernard Barnier 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,63(4):325-332
Sea level trends and inter-annual variability in the Mediterranean Sea for the period 1960–2000 is explored by comparing observations from tide gauges with sea level hindcasts from a barotropic 2D circulation model, and two full primitive equation 3D ocean circulation models, a regional one and the Mediterranean component of a global one,. In the 2D model, 50% of the sea level variance was found to result from the wind and atmospheric pressure forcing. In the 3D models, 20% of the sea level variance was explained by the steric effects. The sea level residuals at the tide gauges locations, calculated by subtraction of the 2D model output from the sea level observations are significantly correlated (r = 0.4) with the steric signals from the 3D models. After the removal of the atmospheric and the steric contributions the tide-gauge sea level records indicate a period where sea level was stable (1960–1975) and a period where sea level was rising (1975–2000) with rates in the range 1.1–1.8 mm/yr. A part of the residual trend can be explained by the contribution of local land movements (0.3 mm/yr) while its major part indicates a global signal, probably mass addition, appearing after 1975. 相似文献
119.
Rare earth element geochemistry in cold-seep pore waters of Hydrate Ridge, northeast Pacific Ocean 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Tobias Himmler Brian A. Haley Marta E. Torres Gary P. Klinkhammer Gerhard Bohrmann Jörn Peckmann 《Geo-Marine Letters》2013,33(5):369-379
The concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), sulphate, hydrogen sulphide, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and phosphate were measured in shallow (<12 cm below seafloor) pore waters from cold-seep sediments on the northern and southern summits of Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. Downward-decreasing sulphate and coevally increasing sulphide concentrations reveal sulphate reduction as dominant early diagenetic process from ~2 cm depth downwards. A strong increase of total dissolved REE (∑REE) concentrations is evident immediately below the sediment–water interface, which can be related to early diagenetic release of REEs into pore water resulting from the re-mineralization of particulate organic matter. The highest pore water ∑REE concentrations were measured close to the sediment–water interface at ~2 cm depth. Distinct shale-normalized REE patterns point to particulate organic matter and iron oxides as main REE sources in the upper ~2-cm depth interval. In general, the pore waters have shale-normalized patterns reflecting heavy REE (HREE) enrichment, which suggests preferential complexation of HREEs with carbonate ions. Below ~2 cm depth, a downward decrease in ∑REE correlates with a decrease in pore water calcium concentrations. At this depth, the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulphate reduction increases carbonate alkalinity through the production of bicarbonate, which results in the precipitation of carbonate minerals. It seems therefore likely that the REEs and calcium are consumed during vast AOM-induced precipitation of carbonate in shallow Hydrate Ridge sediments. The analysis of pore waters from Hydrate Ridge shed new light on early diagenetic processes at cold seeps, corroborating the great potential of REEs to identify geochemical processes and to constrain environmental conditions. 相似文献
120.
A comparison of seismic risk maps for Italy 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
Helen Crowley Miriam Colombi Barbara Borzi Marta Faravelli Mauro Onida Manuel Lopez Diego Polli Fabrizio Meroni Rui Pinho 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(1):149-180
National seismic risk maps are an important risk mitigation tool as they can be used for the prioritization of regions within
a country where retrofitting of the building stock or other risk mitigation measures should take place. The production of
a seismic risk map involves the convolution of seismic hazard data, vulnerability predictions for the building stock and exposure
data. The seismic risk maps produced in Italy over the past 10 years are compared in this paper with recent proposals for
seismic risk maps based on state-of-the-art seismic hazard data and mechanics-based vulnerability assessment procedures. The
aim of the paper is to open the discussion for the way in which future seismic risk maps could be produced, making use of
the most up-to-date information in the fields of seismic hazard evaluation and vulnerability assessment. 相似文献