Globalization,Pacific Islands,and the paradox of resilience   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matthew Lauer  Simon Albert  Shankar Aswani  Benjamin S. Halpern  Luke Campanella  Douglas La Rose 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(1):40-50

On April 2nd, 2007 a 12 m tsunami struck Simbo, a relatively remote island in Western Province, Solomon Islands. Although Simbo's population continues to depend on their own food production and small-scale governance regimes regulate access to resources, the island's way of life over the last century has increasingly been affected by processes associated with globalization. In this context of a rapidly globalizing world, this article examines the island's resilience and vulnerability to the tsunami and the adaptive capacities that enabled the response and recovery. The tsunami completely destroyed two villages and damaged fringing coral reefs, but casualties were low and social–ecological rebound relatively brisk. By combining social science methods (household surveys, focus group and ethnographic interviews) and underwater reef surveys we identify a number of countervailing challenges and opportunities presented by globalization that both nurture and suppress the island's resilience to high amplitude, low-frequency disturbances like tsunamis. Analysis suggests that certain adaptive capacities that sustain general system resilience come at the cost of more vulnerability to low-probability hazards. We discuss how communities undergoing increasingly complex processes of change must negotiate these kinds of trade-offs as they manage resilience at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Understanding the shifting dynamics of resilience may be critical for Pacific Island communities who seek to leverage globalization in their favor as they adapt to current social–ecological change and prepare for future large-scale ecological disturbances.  相似文献   

Does the framing of climate policies make a difference to public support? Evidence from UK marginal constituencies     

Matthew Lockwood 《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):1097-1112

Public support for climate policies is essential to underpin their credibility, but evidence suggests that an environmental basis for that support is not strong. It has been suggested that framing climate policies in other terms, such as energy security or job creation, will build a more sustainable political basis for bold climate policies. This approach is explored using data from a survey in 157 UK marginal constituencies. Framing does make a difference to support for the expansion of renewable energy, but not to support for policies on energy efficiency and financial assistance to developing countries. The data also show key differences in levels of support for policies between different socio-demographic and voter groups.  相似文献   

Eridanus – a supergroup in the local Universe?     

Sarah Brough  Duncan A. Forbes  Virginia A. Kilborn  Warrick Couch  Matthew Colless 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,369(3):1351-1374

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Basait generation at the Apollo 12 site,Part 2: Source heterogeneity,multiple melts,and crustal contamination     

Clive R. Neal  Matthew D. Hacker  Gregory A. Snyder  Lawrence A. Taylor  Yun-Gang Liu  Roman A. Schmitt 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1994,29(3):349-361

Abstract— The petrogenesis of Apollo 12 mare basalts has been examined with emphasis on trace-element ratios and abundances. Vitrophyric basalts were used as parental compositions for the modelling, and proportions of fractionating phases were determined using the MAGFOX program of Longhi (1991). Crystal fractionation processes within crustal and sub-crustal magma chambers are evaluated as a function of pressure. Knowledge of the fractionating phases allows trace-element variations to be considered as either source related or as a product of post-magma-generation processes. For the ilmenite and olivine basalts, trace-element variations are inherited from the source, but the pigeonite basalt data have been interpreted with open-system evolution processes through crustal assimilation. Three groups of basalts have been examined: (1) Pigeonite basalts — produced by the assimilation of lunar crustal material by a parental melt (up to 3% assimilation and 10% crystal fractionation, with an “r” value of 0.3). (2) Ilmenite basalts — produced by variable degrees of partial melting (4–8%) of a source of olivine, pigeonite, augite, and plagioclase, brought together by overturn of the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) cumulate pile. After generation, which did not exhaust any of the minerals in the source, these melts experienced closed-system crystal fractionation/accumulation. (3) Olivine basalts — produced by variable degrees of partial melting (5–10%) of a source of olivine, pigeonite, and augite. After generation, again without exhausting any of the minerals in the source, these melts evolved through crystal accumulation. The evolved liquid counterparts of these cumulates have not been sampled. The source compositions for the ilmenite and olivine basalts were calculated by assuming that the vitrophyric compositions were primary and the magmas were produced by non-modal batch melting. Although the magnitude is unclear, evaluation of these source regions indicates that both be composed of early- and late-stage Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) cumulates, requiring an overturn of the cumulate pile.  相似文献   

Black hole spin in GRS 1915+105   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Matthew Middleton  Chris Done  Marek Gierli&#;ski  Shane W. Davis 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,373(3):1004-1012

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Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the E+A galaxies in the z= 0.32 cluster AC 114   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael B. Pracy  Warrick J. Couch  Chris Blake  Kenji Bekki  Craig Harrison  Matthew Colless  Harald Kuntschner  Roberto de Propris 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,359(4):1421-1432

We present spatially resolved intermediate-resolution spectroscopy of a sample of 12 E+A galaxies in the   z = 0.32  rich galaxy cluster AC 114, obtained with the FLAMES multi-integral field unit system on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory. Previous integrated spectroscopy of all these galaxies by Couch & Sharples had shown them to have strong Balmer line absorption and an absence of [O  ii ]λ3727 emission – the defining characteristics of the 'E+A' spectral signature, indicative of an abrupt halt to a recent episode of quite vigorous star formation. We have used our spectral data to determine the radial variation in the strength of Hδ absorption in these galaxies and hence map out the distribution of this recently formed stellar population. Such information provides important clues as to what physical event might have been responsible for this quite dramatic change in star formation activity in the recent past of these galaxies. We find a diversity of behaviour amongst these galaxies in terms of the radial variation in Hδ absorption: four galaxies show little Hδ absorption across their entire extent; it would appear they were misidentified as E+A galaxies in the earlier integrated spectroscopic studies. The remainder show strong Hδ absorption, with a gradient that is either negative (Hδ equivalent width decreasing with radius), flat or positive . By comparison with numerical simulations we suggest that the first of these different types of radial behaviour provides evidence for a merger/interaction origin, whereas the latter two types of behaviour are more consistent with the truncation of star formation in normal disc galaxies with the Hδ gradient becoming increasingly positive with time after truncation. It would seem therefore that more than one physical mechanism is responsible for E+A formation in the same environment.  相似文献   

From Molecular Cores to Stars and Brown Dwarfs     

Matthew R. Bate 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,292(1-4):297-307

In this paper, we review the results from numerical simulations that investigate the evolution of molecular cores into stars and brown dwarfs. We begin by discussing the four main processes involved in this evolution, fragmentation, accretion, interactions with discs, and stellar dynamical interactions. We then discuss large-scale calculations in which all of these processes are model simultaneously. Finally, we review results that have been obtained from past magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) calculations of fragmentation and look towards future MHD calculations.  相似文献   

The lower crust beneath cratonic north-east Europe: isotopic constraints from garnet granulite xenoliths     

Hilary Downes  rew J. W. Markwick  Pamela D. Kempton  & Matthew F. Thirlwall 《地学学报》2001,13(6):395-400

Lower crustal garnet-bearing mafic granulite xenoliths from beneath the cratonic areas of NE Europe (NW Russia, Belarus, Finland) have unradiogenic ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios that differ strongly from those of xenoliths from beneath Phanerozoic regions of the European plate and worldwide, but closely resemble xenoliths from other cratonic regions of the world. Phanerozoic lower crustal xenoliths worldwide also show a very limited range of Pb isotope compositions whereas most cratonic lower crustal xenoliths have more varied but usually unradiogenic Pb isotope compositions, plotting to the left of the Geochron. However, many of the xenoliths from beneath NE Europe plot on the right-hand side of the Geochron and also have more radiogenic ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios. Thus, the lower crust of NE Europe shows characteristics of both cratonic lower crust (unradiogenic Nd isotopes) and Phanerozoic lower crust (radiogenic Pb isotopes). Its present-day low U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios indicate that it has been depleted in heat-producing elements, but the radiogenic Pb isotope ratios show that this depletion occurred relatively recently.  相似文献   

Substructure analysis of selected low-richness 2dFGRS clusters of galaxies     

William S. Burgett  Michael M. Vick  David S. Davis  Matthew Colless  Roberto De Propris  Ivan Baldry  Carlton Baugh  Joss Bland-Hawthorn  Terry Bridges  Russell Cannon  Shaun Cole  Chris Collins  Warrick Couch  Nicholas Cross  Gavin Dalton  Simon Driver  George Efstathiou  Richard Ellis  Carlos S. Frenk  Karl Glazebrook  Edward Hawkins  Carole Jackson  Ofer Lahav  Ian Lewis  Stuart Lumsden  Steve Maddox  Darren Madgwick  Peder Norberg  John A. Peacock  Will Percival  Bruce Peterson  Will Sutherland  Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(2):605-654

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A proposed Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Middle Ordovician Series： The Niquivil section, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina     

Guillermo L. Albanesi Marcelo G. Carrera Fernando L. Canas Matthew Saltzman 《《幕》》2006,29(1):1-15

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