where k (M− 2 s− 1) can be determined from the
in the pH range 2 to 5, from 5 to 40 °C and 0.01 to 1 M.The effect of pH and ionic strength on the reaction suggest that the rates are due to
where H2A = H2CrO4, HA = HCrO4−, H2B = H2SO3 and HB = HSO3−. The overall rate expression over the investigated pH range can be determined from
k=kH2A–H2B(αH2A)(αH2B)2+kHA–H2B(αHA)(αH2B)2+kH2A–HB(αH2A)(αHB)2
with kH2A−H2B = 5.0 × 107, kHA–H2B = 1.5 × 106 and kH2A–HB = 6.7 × 107.Fe(III) in the range 1.5 to 20 μM exerts a small catalytic effect on the reaction and significantly lowers the initial concentration of Cr(VI) compared to the nominal value. Contrary to Fe(III), formaldehyde (20 to 200 μM) reacts with S(IV) to form the hydroxymethanesulfonate adduct (CH2OHSO3−), which does not react with Cr(VI). Major cations Mg2+ and some minor elements such as Ba2+ and Cu2+ did not affect the rates. The application of this rate law to environmental conditions suggest that this reaction may have a role in acidic solutions (aerosols and fog droplets). This reaction becomes more important in the presence of high Fe(III) and low HMS concentrations, contributing to affect the atmospheric transport of chromium species and the distribution of redox species of chromium, which reach surface water from atmospheric depositions.  相似文献   
17.
Hydrodynamic and isotopic investigations for evaluating the mechanisms and amount of groundwater seepage through a rockslide dam     
Marco Petitta  Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza  Maurizio Barbieri  Gianluca Bianchi Fasani  Carlo Esposito 《水文研究》2010,24(24):3510-3520
This study addresses the influence of landslide dams on surface water drainage and groundwater flow. In the study area of Scanno Lake and Sagittario River (Central Italy), a limestone rockslide‐avalanche formed a lake, which has an outlet that is occasionally active, showing infiltration into the rockslide dam. Several springs are present at the lake's base and are partly fed by seepage through the rockslide debris. Piezometric surveys, discharge measurements, pumping tests and chemical analyses are tools used to build a conceptual model of the groundwater flow and to evaluate the flow through the rockslide debris. Seasonal water isotopic signatures validate the assumed model, showing a mixing of infiltration recharge and groundwater seepage throughout the rockslide debris. Various recharge areas have been found for springs, pointing out those directly fed by the rockslide debris aquifer. Hypotheses about seasonal groundwater mixing between the regional carbonate aquifer and the rockslide debris aquifer are supported by isotope results. Seasonal changes in groundwater table level due to recharge and surface losses from seasonal outlet have been correlated with isotopic groundwater composition from the rockslide debris aquifer and the downstream springs; this relationship highlights the role of the rockslide dam body on the hydrodynamics of the studied area. Relationships between surface waters and groundwater in the area have been completely understood on the basis of water isotopic fingerprinting, finally obtaining a complete evaluation of groundwater renewable resources and its regimen. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
18.
Geobal post-seismic deformation     
Antonio Piersanti  Giorgio Spada  Roberto Sabadini  Maurizio Bonafede 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,120(3):544-566
  相似文献   
19.
Coastal processes and environmental hazards: the Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Venetian (Italy) littorals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Jorge Pousa  Luigi Tosi  Eduardo Kruse  Dardo Guaraglia  Maurizio Bonardi  Andrea Mazzoldi  Federica Rizzetto  Enrique Schnack 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(8):1307-1316
The Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Venice (Italy) coastlands have experienced significant saltwater contamination of the phreatic aquifer, coastal erosion, hydrodynamic changes and relative sea level rise processes due to natural and man-induced factors. These factors expose coastal areas to morpho-hydro-geological hazards, such as soil desertification, frequency and degree of flooding, littoral erosion, and the silting of river mouths and channels. Man-made interventions and actions, such as beach mining, construction of coastal structures and exploitation of aquifers without an adequate knowledge of the hydrology setting and an adequate management program, worsen these natural hazards. Uncontrolled human activity induces environmental damage to the overall coastal plains. The coastal plains play an important role in the social/economic development of the two regions based on land use, such as agriculture, horticulture, breeding, and tourism, as well as industry. Results of investigations on saltwater contamination, sea level rise and morphological changes recently performed in these two coastal areas are presented here.  相似文献   
20.
A perturbative solution of the transfer equations for the Stokes parameters in a magnetic field     
Egidio Landi Degl'Innocenti  Maurizio Landi Degl'Innocenti 《Solar physics》1973,31(2):299-305
The transfer equations for the Stokes parameters, as derived under the assumption of LTE and in the general case of anomalous Zeeman multiplet, are solved by a perturbative method that reduces the system of four coupled linear differential equations to an iterative series of well known linear differential equations. The perturbation parameter turns out to be of the order of magnitude of the ratio of the Larmor frequency to the line Doppler half-width, so that the method appears to be particularly suitable for small magnetic fields.Some qualitative results on the importance of Faraday rotation and the orders of magnitude of the line profiles of the Stokes parameters are obtained.  相似文献   
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15.
The present paper assesses the use of the supralittoral amphipod Talitrus saltator as a bioindicator of the effects of human trampling on the supralittoral sandy band. Samplings in delimited areas were carried out at sites subjected to different human impact. The results showed a strong negative correlation between the number of swimmers and the sandhopper population density, while there was no clear relationship between sandhopper abundance and the other factors considered: granulometry, compactness and organic carbon content of the sand, and trace metal contents in the sand and sandhoppers. A field test of trampling conducted in a confined space showed its direct negative effect on sandhopper survival. However, trace metal analysis confirmed the ability of T. saltator to bioaccumulate some elements (Hg, Zn, Cu, Cd). Our study demonstrates that T. saltator is a good bioindicator of human impact in the supralittoral zone of sandy shores.  相似文献   
16.
The rates of the reduction of Cr(VI) with S(IV) were measured in deaerated NaCl solution as a function of pH, temperature and ionic strength. The rates of the reaction were found to be first order with respect to Cr(VI) and second order with respect to S(IV), in agreement with previous results obtained at concentrations two order higher than the present study. The reaction also showed a first-order dependence of the rates on the concentration of the proton and a small influence of temperature with an apparent energy of activation ΔHapp of 22.8 ± 3.4 kJ/mol. The rates were independent of ionic strength from 0.01 to 1 M. The rate of Cr(VI) reduction is described by the general expression
−d[Cr(VI)]/dt=k[Cr(VI)][S(IV)]2
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