碱熔融-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高硫铝土矿中的硫   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

胡璇  石磊  张炜华 《岩矿测试》2017,36(2):124-129

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定高硫铝土矿(硫含量≤8%)中的硫时,由于硫存在-2、+4和+6等多种价态,常用的酸溶法和碱熔法处理高硫铝土矿时往往无法完全氧化硫而导致硫测定结果偏低。本文用过氧化钠熔融、热水浸取和盐酸酸化提取高硫铝土矿中的硫,使用基体匹配法绘制校准曲线补偿铝和钠对硫测定的光谱干扰,以S182.034 nm(184 nm)作为分析谱线,采用ICP-OES对硫进行测定。结果表明:3 g过氧化钠在700℃下熔融10 min,可以较好地氧化高硫铝土矿中的硫;校准曲线的线性相关系数为0.9999,方法检出限为0.025μg/m L,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于5%;与碳硫仪的测定结果相比较,两种方法无显著性差异。本方法溶样彻底,无样品损失,为今后实现应用ICP-OES同时测定高硫铝土矿中的硫和其他元素奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Low Benthic Macrofauna Diversity in Dynamic,Tropical Tidal Mudflats: Migrating Banks on Guiana’s Coast,South America     

Jérôme Jourde  Christine Dupuy  Hien T. Nguyen  David Mizrahi  Nyls de Pracontal  Pierrick Bocher 《Estuaries and Coasts》2017,40(4):1159-1170

In tropical South America, the mudflats of the Amazonian coast are unique because of their large size and unrivaled migration dynamics. On Guiana’s coast, macrofaunal communities are believed to be well-adapted to these dynamic conditions. In this study, the benthic macrofauna was sampled in April 2012 in the Awala-Yalimapo region of western French Guiana and at two sites in Suriname: Warappa Kreek and Bigi Pan. These sites are found 800, 920, and 1140 km from the Amazon delta, respectively. The richness, diversity, and densities of the macrofaunal communities in these mudflats are here described for the first time. Only 38 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were recorded, among which two species were common and widely distributed: the tanaid crustacean Halmyrapseudes spaansi and the polychaete Sigambra grubii; the former represented 84% of all individuals collected, with densities reaching up to 73,000 individuals m^?2. Most of the OTUs consisted of relatively small individuals (<10 mm in length). The very low richness and diversity and the small sizes of the organisms are likely linked to the instability and softness of the substrate on these mudflats. This study suggests that the differences in macrofaunal community composition among sites could be due to the migration stage of banks rather than the distance from the Amazon delta and associated effects of river discharge.  相似文献   

A novel fuzzy <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>-nearest neighbor inference model with differential evolution for spatial prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in a tropical hilly area using GIS     

Dieu Tien Bui  Quoc Phi Nguyen  Nhat-Duc Hoang  Harald Klempe 《Landslides》2017,14(1):1-17

This research represents a novel soft computing approach that combines the fuzzy k-nearest neighbor algorithm (fuzzy k-NN) and the differential evolution (DE) optimization for spatial prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides at a tropical hilly area of Quy Hop, Vietnam. According to current literature, the fuzzy k-NN and the DE optimization are current state-of-the-art techniques in data mining that have not been used for prediction of landslide. First, a spatial database was constructed, including 129 landslide locations and 12 influencing factors, i.e., slope, slope length, aspect, curvature, valley depth, stream power index (SPI), sediment transport index (STI), topographic ruggedness index (TRI), topographic wetness index (TWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), lithology, and soil type. Second, 70 % landslide locations were randomly generated for building the landslide model whereas the remaining 30 % landslide locations was for validating the model. Third, to construct the landslide model, the DE optimization was used to search the optimal values for fuzzy strength (fs) and number of nearest neighbors (k) that are the two required parameters for the fuzzy k-NN. Then, the training process was performed to obtain the fuzzy k-NN model. Value of membership degree of the landslide class for each pixel was extracted to be used as landslide susceptibility index. Finally, the performance and prediction capability of the landslide model were assessed using classification accuracy, the area under the ROC curve (AUC), kappa statistics, and other evaluation metrics. The result shows that the fuzzy k-NN model has high performance in the training dataset (AUC?=?0.944) and validation dataset (AUC?=?0.841). The result was compared with those obtained from benchmark methods, support vector machines and J48 decision trees. Overall, the fuzzy k-NN model performs better than the support vector machines and the J48 decision trees models. Therefore, we conclude that the fuzzy k-NN model is a promising prediction tool that should be used for susceptibility mapping in landslide-prone areas.  相似文献   

Trends in significant wave height and surface wind speed in the China Seas between 1988 and 2011     

Chongwei Zheng  Ren Zhang  Weilai Shi  Xin Li  Xuan Chen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(5):717-726

Wind and waves are key components of the climate system as they drive air-sea interactions and influence weather systems and atmospheric circulation. In marine environments, understanding surface wind and wave fields and their evolution over time is important for conducting safe and efficient human activities, such as navigation and engineering. This study considers long-term trends in the sea surface wind speed(WS) and significant wave height(SWH) in the China Seas over the period 1988–2011 using the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform(CCMP) ocean surface wind product and a 24-year hindcast wave dataset obtained from the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) wave model forced with CCMP winds. The long-term trends in WS and SWH in the China Seas are analyzed over the past 24 years to provide a reference point from which to assess future climate change and offshore wind and wave energy resource development in the region. Results demonstrate that over the period 1988–2011 in the China Seas: 1) WS and SWH showed a significant increasing trend of 3.38 cm s~(-1)yr~(-1) and 1.52 cm yr~(-1), respectively; 2) there were notable regional differences in the long-term trends of WS and SWH; 3) areas with strong increasing trends were located mainly in the middle of the Tsushima Strait, the northern and southern areas of the Taiwan Strait, and in nearshore regions of the northern South China Sea; and 4) the long-term trend in WS was closely associated with El Ni?o and a significant increase in the occurrence of gale force winds in the region.  相似文献   

Distribution,Compositions and Significance of Oceanic Red Beds     

Xuan Lyu  Zhifei Liu 《地球科学进展》2017,32(12):1307-1318

Oceanic red beds are widely distributed in the global oceans and across the entire Phanerozoic period, which mostly appeared after oceanic anoxic events. They represent typical oxygen-rich sedimentary environment and play a significant role on ocean science research. Numerous studies have been carried out since the oceanic red beds were discovered. However, previous studies mainly focused on the Cretaceous oceanic red beds, and the understanding of the characteristics and scientific significance of oceanic red beds are not comprehensive. Therefore, we here summarized the global distribution characteristics and compared mineral and element compositions of various lithological oceanic red beds, including marly, clayey and cherty oceanic red beds. The main mineral and element components of oceanic red beds have no direct relationship with the color of the sediments, and mainly are affected by the regional environment and provenances. Therefore, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of oceanic red beds should be analyzed in combination with the regional background. The red coloration of oceanic red beds is controlled mainly by hematite, goethite and manganese-bearing calcite, which have two main mechanisms: ① Colored minerals formed in oxic conditions; ② Colored minerals formed due to low deposition rates. These two mechanisms are not completely independent, but complement one another with either dominance in most oceanic red beds. Lithological characteristics of oceanic red beds are controlled by three factors, including water depth, productivity and nutrients. Therefore, the formation of oceanic red beds should be considered with global changes and regional events. The unique origin mechanism and global distribution characteristics of long time-scale oceanic red beds can be used to indicate sedimentary paleoenvironment, paleo-oceanic current, and paleoclimate change. In addition, hydrothermal or magmatic activities on the ocean floor could also produce red-color deposits that are strongly different from sedimentary oceanic red beds. Based on the existing research, we also put forward the future in-depth studies on the oceanic red beds from multidisciplinary perspectives.  相似文献   

浅议中国钾盐矿成矿单元划分特征及成因探讨     

商朋强  李博昀  熊先孝  王吉平  宣之强 《化工矿产地质》2017,39(3)

成矿单元划分对于矿产地质研究和指导找矿十分必要,以钾盐矿成矿单元划分为例,讨论了化工矿产单矿种成矿单元划分工作的基本工作流程和工作方法。通过研究,制定了钾盐矿成矿单元划分的基本原则,初步提出中国钾盐矿成矿单元划分方案,初步确定了12个Ⅲ级钾盐矿成矿单元。选择柴达木盆地及北缘、江汉盆地、塔里木盆地三个重要的钾盐矿Ⅲ级成矿带,讨论了在Ⅲ级成矿单元基础上开展次级成矿单元或找钾远景区划分的重要性。  相似文献   

颗粒离散元岩石模型的颗粒尺寸效应研究     

宿辉  杨家琦  胡宝文  高轩  马辉 《岩土力学》2018,39(12):4642-4651

颗粒尺寸是影响颗粒离散元模型宏观力学性质与计算效率的一个重要因素。为充分考虑由模型随机性导致的模拟结果的不确定性,利用统计学方法对模型的颗粒尺寸效应进行研究。整体检验结果表明：特征长度比L/R的改变对模型力学参数（峰值强度、弹性模量、泊松比及峰值应变）与破坏特征参数（黏结破裂率）的总体分布位置均有显著性影响,且各参数的变异系数会随着L/R的减小而增大。进一步的多重比较结果表明：当L/R≥125时,L/R对峰值强度、弹性模量、泊松比及峰值应变的总体分布位置均无显著影响;当L/R≥79时,相邻3个粒径水平的黏结破坏率总体分布位置无显著性差异;随着L/R的减小,模型损伤程度增加,破坏模式由整体剪切破坏转向局部损伤引起的失稳破坏,最终失去模拟岩石材料的效力。最后,综合各项力学参数的统计学检验结果、模型破坏模式及计算效率,岩石模型颗粒的特征长度比取L/R=200较为合适。  相似文献   

基于广义塑性理论的尾砂本构模型在ABAQUS中的二次开发     

崔旋  董威信  周汉民  孙书伟 《岩土力学》2018,39(2):745-752

建立尾砂的本构模型是开展尾矿坝数值模拟和安全评价的重要基础,而目前尾砂的本构模型研究多集中于非线性弹性模型,如Duncan-Chang模型,关于弹塑性模型的研究较少。结合尾砂的应力-应变特性,提出了一种适用于描述尾砂力学特性的改进广义塑性模型。基于用户自定义材料子程序UMAT,将提出的模型在ABAQUS中二次开发实现,应力积分采用Runge-Kutta显式积分。通过三轴试验模拟验证,偏差应力曲线表明,有限元计算结果可以反映围压对应力-应变关系的影响,抗剪强度随应变逐渐硬化,达到峰值强度,随后发生应变软化,抗剪强度有所下降。体应变曲线结果表明,广义塑性模型可以很好地描述体应变曲线的体缩-体胀发展过程,与试验曲线吻合较好。同时有限元数值模拟结果和理论值误差很小,且和试验结果拟合较好。该研究成果可进一步用于尾矿坝的应力变形计算和安全评价。  相似文献   

氧同位素第6期北印度洋的一次重大古海洋学事件   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

方念乔 丁旋胡超涌  宋成兵张振芳 《地球科学》2004,29(2):127-134

北印度洋赤道海岭的远洋沉积记录在氧同位素第6期的早期,即167～160ka期间,揭示出一次重大的古海洋学事件。在多项代用指标中,浮游有孔虫组合和通量的变化对该事件的反映最为强烈,因此将其命名为“第6期海洋生态环境严重恶化事件”。该事件以广适性种Globigerinita glutinata的高度发育、凉水种Neogloboquadrina pachyderma和Globigerina bulloides的异常增多、其他有孔虫常见种的普遍减少及有孔虫总量的大幅度降低为特征。结合其他代用指标和邻区资料,认为导致事件发生的主控因素在于超强的南亚冬季风及其所引发的表层水温降低和贫瘠的深层水团上涌。一般情况下,南亚冬季风对研究区环境的影响力远较夏季风弱,它的阶段性超常强化似乎总与青藏高原的强烈隆升有关。可推测,发生在第6期的生境恶化事件很可能是最近一次高原大规模构造抬升的产物。  相似文献   

夏季东亚高空急流月际变化与淮河流域降水异常的关系   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

宣守丽  张庆云  孙淑清 《气候与环境研究》2011,16(2):231-242

利用1979～2008年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料与中国160站降水资料,探讨夏季逐月东亚高空急流异常与淮河流域降水的关系.研究表明,夏季淮河流域降水多寡与东亚高空急流月际变化密切相关.6月淮河流域降水偏多(偏少)的环流特征为东亚高空西风急流位置比气候态偏北(偏南),亚洲中高纬地区呈两脊一槽(两槽一脊)环流型,影响我...  相似文献