南海北部17924站位氧同位素3期古海洋学变化     

陈萌莎  黄宝琦  钮耀诚  杜江辉 《第四纪研究》2011,31(2):299-306

文章选用采自南海东北部冬季风上升流区的17924-2沉积柱状样(19°24.7'N,118°50.8'E;水深3440m),对浮游有孔虫绝对丰度和碎壳率进行分析,并与南海西部越南岸外夏季风上升流区的17954站位(14°47.8'N,111°31.5'E;水深1515m)进行对比.由于这两个站位具有不同的碳酸盐旋回类型...  相似文献   

赤道西太平洋冬季浮游有孔虫分布与壳体同位素特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

万随  翦知湣  成鑫荣 《第四纪研究》2011,31(2):284-291

通过对2009年1月在赤道西太平洋暖池区6个站位、28个垂直分层拖网浮游有孔虫样品进行分析.在0～250m水层内共鉴定出14个浮游有孔虫属种,以热带暖水种为主、广适应性冷水种仅零星出现.表层种Globigerinoides ruber平均生活深度较Globigerinoides sacculifer深,可能是由于赤道地...  相似文献   

Regional soil erosion risk mapping using RUSLE,GIS, and remote sensing: a case study in Miyun Watershed,North China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tao Chen  Rui-qing Niu  Ping-xiang Li  Liang-pei Zhang  Bo Du 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(3):533-541

This paper applied the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), remote-sensing technique, and geographic information system (GIS) to map the soil erosion risk in Miyun Watershed, North China. The soil erosion parameters were evaluated in different ways: the R factor map was developed from the rainfall data, the K factor map was obtained from the soil map, the C factor map was generated based on a back propagation (BP) neural network method of Landsat ETM+ data with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.929 to the field collected data, and a digital elevation model (DEM) with a spatial resolution of 30 m was derived from topographical map at the scale of 1:50,000 to develop the LS factor map. P factor map was assumed as 1 for the watershed because only a very small area has conservation practices. By integrating the six factor maps in GIS through pixel-based computing, the spatial distribution of soil loss in the upper watershed of Miyun reservoir was obtained by the RUSLE model. The results showed that the annual average soil loss for the upper watershed of Miyun reservoir was 9.86 t ha⁻¹ ya⁻¹ in 2005, and the area of 47.5 km² (0.3%) experiences extremely severe erosion risk, which needs suitable conservation measures to be adopted on a priority basis. The spatial distribution of erosion risk classes was 66.88% very low, 21.90% low, 6.19% moderate, 2.90% severe, and 1.84% very severe. Among all counties and cities in the study area, Huairou County is in the extremely severe level of soil erosion risk, about 39.6% of land suffer from soil erosion, while Guyuan County in the very low level of soil erosion risk suffered from 17.79% of soil erosion in 2005. Therefore, the areas which are in the extremely severe level of soil erosion risk need immediate attention from soil conservation point of view.  相似文献   

A wind tunnel study of aeolian sand transport on a wetted sand surface using sands from tropical humid coastal southern China     

Qingjie Han  Jianjun Qu  Kongtai Liao  Shujuan Zhu  Kecun Zhang  Ruiping Zu  Qinghe Niu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(5):1375-1385

This article reported a wind tunnel test of sediment transport related to surface moisture content and wind velocity using sands from tropical humid coastal area. A 1 mm-thick portion of surface sand was scraped using a self-made sediment sampler, and the gravimetric moisture content was determined. Sand transport was measured via a standard vertical sand trap with a 60 cm height. The result shows that the sand transport profile above the wet surface can be expressed with an exponential equation. In general, the influence of moisture content on sand transport profile mainly focuses on the bottom of the blowing sand cloud. Meanwhile, with moisture content increased, total sand transport dropped, and a relatively larger proportion is transported at greater heights. The vertical movement of particles on higher moisture surface (0.587% < M < 1.448%) is more sensitive to moisture content variation as compared to those on low wet surface (M < 0.587%), total sand transport rate tends to be rather low (0.99 g cm⁻¹ s⁻¹) when M > 1.448%. The total sand transport rate varying with moisture content is divided into three regions of differing gradient at the moisture contents of 0.587 and 1.448%. The gradient of the curve reflected the different influences of the various water forms in surface sediments. The higher moisture surface (M > 1.448%) merely functions as a transport plain for the saltation material. Surface moisture content was the dominant control factor for saltation activity between the moisture contents of 0.587 and 1.448%, wind velocity could resume control saltation after the surface dried to the extent (M < 0.587%).  相似文献   

河北省石家庄地区晚更新世晚期古菱齿象-披毛犀动物群及其古气候          下载免费PDF全文

董明星  张祥信  牛树银  庞其清  边鸿浩  张倩 《古地理学报》2011,13(4):419-425

河北省石家庄市郊区地下7～24m的古滹沱河沉积物中产出丰富的大型哺乳类化石:诺氏古菱齿象(Palaeoloxodon naumanni)、原始牛(Bos primigenius)、杨氏水牛(Bubalus youngi)、披毛犀(Coelodonta antiquitatis)、鹿(Cervus sp.)、四不像鹿(E...  相似文献   

利用岩性地震反演方法评价煤层突水危险性     

秦轲  崔若飞  张统俊  许义云  贺智敏 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(1):47-50,71

针对葛亭煤矿的构造地质和水文地质条件,利用概率神经网络岩性反演方法获得岩性数据体,该数据体包含了煤系地层到奥陶系灰岩顶部的构造、岩性和水文地质信息,构成了评价煤层突水危险性所需的基本数据。将其各种信息进行融合后对3煤层顶板的突水危险性进行定量评价：其中波阻抗反演的岩浆侵入及煤层变焦区域（含水层）与视电阻率反演结果高度一致,同时依据孔隙度反演结果证实该区域具有相应的低孔隙度反应。将该区域3煤层顶板视电阻率与孔隙度值进行乘积归一化处理,计算其突水隶属度,依此划分了该层位的突水程度。  相似文献   

Study on the impact of vegetation degeneration to hydrology characteristic of the Alpine soil     

YiBo Wang  QingBai Wu  FuJun Niu  GenXu Wang  HuiYan Cheng 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(3):0233-0242

Alpine soil infiltration process is an important part of the hydrological characteristics of alpine soil in permafrost. This research is carried out in the source region of the Yellow River where the permafrost is severely degraded, using various methods for choosing typical sample areas, and to experiment, study and simulate the soil water curve, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil infiltration and soil moisture under different characteristics of degraded vegetation. The results indicate that the empirical equation θ=AS^−B, proposed by Gradner and Visser, is very reliable in simulating the soil moisture curve; soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil infiltration are significantly different under different vegetation coverage: in the soil surface within 0–10 cm, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration intensity of Black Beach are the strongest; respectively, in soil layers below 30 cm, vegetation has almost no impacts on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration intensity and soil moisture content. Significant reduction of soil moisture occurs in soil surfaces with degraded vegetation. The more serious the degradation, the more water loss, and it can be up to 38.6% in the worst situation. Soil moisture of developed vegetation root systems in depths within 10–20 cm has the greatest impact on the soil environment, and the loss of moisture induces difficulty in the restoration of degraded meadows. Through a comparative study, the Kostiakov infiltration equation f(t) = at^−b is more applicable for studies on the process of soil moisture infiltration of the alpine meadow in the source region of the Yellow River.  相似文献   

蒙古国南戈壁省二叠系岩性组合特征及其与内蒙古银额盆地的对比     

卢进才  魏仙样  魏建设  牛亚卓  许海红  МИНГАНБААТАР 《地质通报》2014,33(9):1400-1408

蒙古国南戈壁省中蒙边界地区分布多个二叠系大型—特大型煤矿,为一套以砾岩为主的粗碎屑岩和含煤系地层夹火山岩建造。银额盆地周缘地表剖面揭示,二叠系发育一套以海相沉积为主的碎屑岩+碳酸盐岩+火山岩建造。银额盆地希热哈达—赛汗桃来地区的钻井资料揭示其为一套粗碎屑岩+含煤系地层夹火山岩岩性组合,与盆地周缘地表剖面各时代地层的岩性组合均存在巨大差异,而与蒙古国南戈壁省二叠系的岩性组合特征相同。通过中蒙边界地区二叠系地层层序与岩性组合特征的对比,明确了银额盆地希热哈达—赛汗桃来地区钻井资料发现的含煤系地层时代为二叠纪,结合沉积充填特征,对银额盆地二叠纪沉积演化与沉积相平面展布有了新的认识,为银额盆地及邻区石炭纪—二叠纪构造演化的研究提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

Late Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic evolution of the South China Block as a retroarc thrust wedge/foreland basin system     

Baoyu Jiang  Hugh D. Sinclair  Yazhuo Niu  Jinhai Yu 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(1):23-40

The Early Paleozoic Wuyi-Yunkai fold belt of South China represents a major orogenic belt in East Asia; however, its formation is not well understood. This paper evaluates the origins of the Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic basin and the southern margin of the South China Block (SCB) based on a compilation of the spatiotemporal evolution of the Late Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic strata and their depositional environments. These data are combined with high-resolution structural, geochronologic, metamorphic and petrologic data that are published from the region. A new model of a retroarc thrust wedge/foreland basin system is proposed for the succession based on the following: (1) the nature of the basal unconformity, (2) the wedge-shaped basin-fill geometry bounded by the mountain belt to the south, (3) basinward propagation of the thrust-front with time and (4) the presence of a typical underfilled stratigraphic trinity of the foreland basin. The proposed model suggests two major cycles of evolution of the retroarc thrust wedge/foreland basin system (<725–<635 and ca. 564–446 Ma), which record two periods of northwestward subduction of the oceanic slab beneath the southern margin of the SCB. Terrane accretion is inferred to have taken place during the late stage of these cycles.  相似文献   

Landslide susceptibility assessment using object mapping units,decision tree,and support vector machine models in the Three Gorges of China   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

Xueling Wu  Fu Ren  Ruiqing Niu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(11):4725-4738

Due to the particular geographical location and complex geological conditions, the Three Gorges of China suffer from many landslide hazards that often result in tragic loss of life and economic devastation. To reduce the casualty and damages, an effective and accurate method of assessing landslide susceptibility is necessary. Object-based data mining methods were applied to a case study of landslide susceptibility assessment on the Guojiaba Town of the Three Gorges. The study area was partitioned into object mapping units derived from 30 m resolution Landsat TM images using multi-resolution segmentation algorithm based on the landslide factors of engineering rock group, homogeneity, and reservoir water level. Landslide locations were determined by interpretation of Landsat TM images and extensive field surveys. Eleven primary landslide-related factors were extracted from the topographic and geologic maps, and satellite images. Those factors were selected as independent variables using significance testing and correlation coefficient analysis, including slope, profile curvature, engineering rock group, slope structure, distance from faults, land cover, tasseled cap transformation wetness index, reservoir water level, homogeneity, and first and second principal components of the images. Decision tree and support vector machine (SVM) models with the optimal parameters were trained and then used to map landslide susceptibility, respectively. The analytical results were validated by comparing them with known landslides using the success rate and prediction rate curves and classification accuracy. The object-based SVM model has the highest correct rate of 89.36 % and a kappa coefficient of 0.8286 and outperforms the pixel-based SVM, object-based C5.0, and pixel-based SVM models.  相似文献