雨水入渗对非饱和土坡稳定性影响的参数研究   总被引：57，自引：1，他引：56  

吴宏伟  陈守义  庞宇威 《岩土力学》1999,20(1)

很多国家和地区的斜坡失稳与雨水入渗有密切关系。通过参数分析研究可以深化对这种关系的认识和理解,因而对滑坡灾害的预测和预防有重要意义。针对香港地区一种典型非饱和土斜坡,用有限元法模拟雨水入渗引起的暂态渗流场,然后将计算得到的暂态孔隙水压力分布用于斜坡的极限平衡分析。计算中采用延伸的摩尔－库伦破坏准则以便考虑基质吸力对抗剪强度的贡献,研究了降雨特征、水文地质条件及坡面防渗处理等因素对暂态渗流场和斜坡安全因数的影响。数值模拟结果表明：降雨强度、降雨历时和雨型对暂态渗流场及斜坡稳定性有明显的影响;土体的渗透系数,尤其是渗透系数各向异性的影响特别显著;斜坡中相对隔水层的存在以及斜坡防渗护面的效果等因素的影响均不容忽视。  相似文献   

Seasonal circulation in the southeastern Huanghai Sea     

Ig-Chan Pang  Hong-Kil Rho  Jae-Hak Lee  Heung-Jae Lie 《海洋学报(英文版)》1999,18(3):375-388

The seasonal circulation in the southeastern Huanghai Sea has been studied with hydrographic data,which were observed in February and June 1994 and bimonthly during 1970-1990,and numerical model results.Horiwntal distributions of temperature and salinity in 1994 are quite different due to strong tidal mixing so that we need a analysis to see the real distributions of water masses.The mixing ratio analysis with the data of 1970-1990 shows the connection of the waters in the west coasts of Kotea Peninsula with warm and saline waters from the south in summer,which means northward inflows along the west coasts of Korea Peninsula in summer.With this flow,the seasonal circulations,which are deduced from the seasonal change of water mass distributions in the lower layer,are warm inflows in winter and mld outflows in summer in the central Huanghai Sea,and cold outflows in winter and warm inflows in summer along the west coasts of Korea Peninsula.The seasonally changed inflows might be the Huanghai Sea Warm Current.The monsoon winds can drive such circulations.However,summer monsoon winds are weak and irregular.As one of other possible dynamics,the variation of Kuroshio transport is numerically studied with allowing sea level fluctuations.Although it should be studied more,it possibly drives the summer circulations.The real circulations seem to be driven by both of them.  相似文献   

日本琵琶湖表面定振波的计算     

逄勇  濮培民 《湖泊科学》1995,7(1):8-13

利用水动力学方程对口本琵琶湖表面定振波进行了计算和分析,结果表明其主要周期约为69．5min,另外,利用实测水位资料,采用最大熵谱法进行分析,得到了主要周期约为68min,两者吻合很好。  相似文献   

Addressing regional disparities in allowance allocation in China’s national emissions trading scheme     

Tao Pang  Zhe Deng 《Climate Policy》2018,18(8):1044-1058

China's national emissions trading scheme (ETS) is expected to be operational in 2017. Effectively addressing regional disparities at the provincial level in allowance allocation will greatly affect the acceptance of the allocation approach and thus deserves careful consideration. This article aims to explore possible approaches for addressing regional disparities, by introducing regional adjustment factors (RAF) in free allowance allocation. Based on the principle of ‘national unified rules?+?stricter adjustment by provincial authorities’, four single factorial and three multi-factorial methods are proposed to calculate the RAFs, through a normalization process. These methods are associated with the most acknowledged factors dealing with regional disparities, including per-capita GDP; per-capita CO₂ emissions; industrial sector contribution to GDP; economy-wide emissions control targets and CO₂ emissions per unit GDP, per unit power and heat output and per unit industrial added value. A comparative analysis is made for the seven methods, in regard to value distribution and level of matching regional political demand.

Key policy insights

• ‘Allowing stricter regional adjustment’ represents a dominant feature for China's national ETS, which aims to address regional disparities and government demands.

• How the adjustment plan is designed will have a major influence on the operation of the national ETS and regional business competitiveness. Provincial governments need to consider the trade-off between auction revenue and local business competitiveness.

• Applying the different methods leads to more scattered results for some regions, for whom the choice of adjustment approach will therefore have a greater impact.

• Based on the analysis, four adjustment methods that generate similar results – the per-capita GDP-based method, the intensity reduction target-based method, the 12th FYP target-based method and intensity-based grandfathering – are recommended for most provincial-level regions, with some exceptions.

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绿色勘查钻探技术在青海省铜金山矿区的应用     

刘海声  穆元红  庞怀玮  高元宏  刘鹏 《化工矿产地质》2020,42(4):315-317

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1990—2019年江苏片区入太湖水量变化及原因分析     

胥瑞晨  逄勇  胡祉冰 《湖泊科学》2021,33(3):797-805

为了对江苏片区主要入太湖水量的原因进行定量化分析研究,基于1990-2019年的气象数据、遥感数据以及沿江引水量数据,借助Mann-Kendall趋势检验与突变检验法、Envi5.3以及Pearson系数法分别对近30年入湖水量、建筑用地、降雨量和蒸发量与引江水量进行了突变检验,并以入湖水量为因变量,对各因素间的相关性和贡献度做了量化研究.结果表明,研究区域的入湖水量近30年来上升趋势达到了95%,城市化率、气象条件和沿江引水量都是导致其变化的主要原因,其中人为干扰(城市化率和沿江引水量)与自然影响(气象条件)的贡献度各占50%.未来建议强化海绵城市的建设,合理科学地对沿江水资源进行调度使用,以降低城镇化率上升与外部引水增加带来的影响.  相似文献   

不同上覆水氟浓度对湖泊沉积物氟释放与微生物群落的影响     

朱翔  徐志鹏  罗一单  彭福全  庞晴晴  谢磊  马玉珅  汪龙眠 《湖泊科学》2022,34(3):843-854

通过模拟沙湖沉积物-水系统,以沙湖原水氟离子（F^-）浓度为1倍浓度（0.69 mg/L）,设置0.5倍浓度、1倍浓度、1倍浓度灭菌、2倍浓度和4倍浓度共5个实验组,探究不同上覆水F^-浓度背景下沙湖沉积物中F^-的迁移.结果表明,沉积物F^-的释放量随上覆水F^-浓度的增加而呈下降的趋势,其中2倍和4倍浓度组的沉积物由释放F^-转变为吸附F^-.碱性水体有利于沉积物F^-的释放,即随着pH增大,F^-释放量也会增加.微生物的Beta多样性层次聚类分析表明,F^-会抑制Paenisporosarcina与Thiobacillus的相对丰度,但对Fusibacter的生命活动具有促进作用.根据各浓度组间优势菌属相对丰度与环境因子的冗余分析可得,Acinetobacter、Thiobacillus相对丰度与pH呈负相关;Fusibacter相对丰度与F^-浓度呈显著正相关,而Thiobacillus的相对丰度则与F^-表现出弱负相关.通过对各浓度组中重要离子的分析发现,0.5倍组和4倍组中F^-的迁移受Ca²⁺、HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-浓度影响较大;相关性分析表明0.5倍浓度组的Ca²⁺、HCO₃^-浓度与F^-浓度呈极显著正相关,而4倍组中F^-浓度和Ca²⁺、HCO₃^-浓度呈负相关,SO₄^2-浓度和F^-浓度的相关性则是0.5倍组呈负相关,4倍组呈极显著正相关.本文在不同上覆水F^-浓度背景下全面探究了沙湖沉积物中F^-释放和迁移机理,为沙湖及其他含氟地表水的氟污染防治提供理论支持.  相似文献   

基于手机位置数据的地震灾情指标选择     

庞晓克  聂高众  张昕  李华癑  夏朝旭  范熙伟  魏本勇 《中国地震》2019,35(1):144-157

选取四川阿坝州九寨沟县MS7.0地震、新疆博尔塔拉州精河县MS6.6地震、四川广元市青川县MS5.4地震作为案例分析,绘制活跃Wi Fi数量、无线网络联网设备数量、汇总在线设备数量、活跃基站数量等4种地震灾情指标在地震发生前后数量变化的折线图。根据与地震前1天变化情况的对比分析,验证地震灾情指标的可用性,选取出效果好的指标,这对进一步研究震后快速获取极震区位置、影响场方向等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

天津市公众地震科普认知与需求调查     

王萍  闫丽莉  庞群英  安纯毅 《震灾防御技术》2020,15(3):601-608

为真实了解天津市公众地震科普认知与需求情况,以天津市机关单位工作人员、企业员工、事业单位工作人员、大学生、中小学生、社区居民、农民、驻津部队、残障人士等特殊人群为研究对象,开展专项问卷调查与分析。调查结果显示,天津市公众地震科学知识与地震科普工作的认知度与需求度较高,但仍存在地震科学知识掌握不全面、地震科普产品吸引力不足、科普渠道相对单一等问题,地震科普工作在参与性、互动性与趣味性等方面仍有较大提升空间。基于此,提出提高地震科普工作针对性和有效性及地震科普服务个性化和精准化等建议。  相似文献   

Dehydration at subduction zones and the geochemistry of slab fluids     

Li  Wancai  Ni  Huaiwei 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(12):1925-1937

Science China Earth Sciences - Subducting oceanic slabs undergo metamorphic dehydration with the increase of temperature and pressure during subduction. Dehydration is an essential step for element...  相似文献