等效偏移距叠前时间偏移及其在塔河地区应用     

李佩  朱生旺  宁俊瑞  王永胜 《物探与化探》2013,(6):1120-1124

在塔河地区,大型洞穴及溶蚀孔洞是奥陶系碳酸盐岩的主要储集空间类型,其构造特征复杂,岩性横向变化大,缝洞体的地震响应特征主要表现绕射波,其成像精度对缝洞储层的预测精度有着重要影响,基于散射理论的等效偏移距叠前时间偏移方法在提高绕射波的成像精度方面具有明显的优势。介绍了等效偏移距叠前时间偏移方法以及其并行实现方法,通过理论模型验证了该方法的有效性,最后将该方法应用于塔河地区的实际资料处理中。实际资料成像结果表明,与常规叠前时间偏移成像结果相比,等效偏移距叠前偏移剖面中,缝洞绕射波归位合理,缝洞边界、断层、断点成像清晰,横向分辨率高。  相似文献   

九龙山构造须二段致密砂岩储层裂缝特征及成因          下载免费PDF全文

巩磊  曾联波  裴森奇  张本健  祖克威  李洪林 《地质科学》2013,(1):217-226

裂缝是川西北地区九龙山构造上三叠统须家河组二段致密砂岩天然气藏分布的重要控制因素。利用野外露头、岩心、成像测井和薄片等资料,并结合实验分析,对该区裂缝的成因类型、发育特征、形成期次及其形成机理进行了分析。研究区须二段致密砂岩储层发育有构造裂缝和成岩裂缝两种类型,其中以构造裂缝为主,主要有北东东-南西西向、北北东-南南西向和北西-南东向3组。按照裂缝的倾角,构造裂缝又可分为高角度构造裂缝和低角度构造裂缝。其中,高角度构造剪切裂缝主要是在印支晚期、燕山晚期和喜马拉雅期3期构造作用下形成,形成构造裂缝的力源来自于龙门山以及米仓山-大巴山的水平构造挤压作用、深埋藏造成的异常高压流体压力以及抬升剥蚀造成的应力作用。低角度构造裂缝主要与构造挤压作用下断层的逆冲作用或层间滑动造成的近水平剪切作用有关。  相似文献   

淋溶条件下石英砂柱中铁锰氧化物的形成特点     

吴新亮  顾沛  王贻俊  刘凡  黄丽 《岩石矿物学杂志》2013,32(2):221-231

用不同浓度铁锰离子混合溶液对石英砂柱进行40次淋溶实验,研究砂柱中铁锰氧化物的形成状况.结果表明,淋出液中铁锰离子浓度与其pH值随着淋溶次数的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势;各处理所形成的铁锰氧化物含量之间存在极显著差异,淋溶液中铁锰离子浓度越大,形成的铁锰氧化物含量越高,当淋溶液中铁锰摩尔浓度比即c(Fe2+)/c(Mn2+)为2∶1时最有利于铁锰氧化物的形成;随着淋溶次数的增加,铁锰氧化物含量的增长逐渐减慢;不同层次铁锰氧化物含量差异显著,下层(20～30 cm)含量明显高于其它层次;各阶段(每淋溶10次为一阶段)不同形态(非晶形态、晶形态)铁锰氧化物含量间的相关性存在差异,铁锰氧化物尤其是非晶形态的相对比例(Fe/Mn)随着淋溶次数的增加逐渐增大.  相似文献   

从地下水赋存运移规律的再认识谈北京平原地面沉降发生的另一原因          下载免费PDF全文

刘元章  武强  林沛  刘久荣  高志辉  邢立亭 《水文》2013,33(4):37-44

通过主要对分层专门监测井进行取样,从水位、水质、水温及氘、氧-18、碳-14等方面进行分析,认为本区在扇缘及以下的冲洪积平原区地下水具有明显的呈层性,层间联系较差;运用氘、氧-18稳定同位素方法及碳-14定年确定出15个古水点,认为扇缘以下冲洪积平原区平均大致250m深度以下多出现古水点,表明深部水交替整体非常缓慢,局部滞留。据此分析,产生分层、深部交替缓慢及局部滞留的主要原因是由于黏土类地层的阻隔及地层的沉积压实,尤其是差异性压实,会形成相对封闭的滞留含水层。并认为地下水交替缓慢及局部滞留而不能及时获得补给是本区地面沉降发生的另一重要原因。  相似文献   

祁连山-河西走廊西段强震复发概率模型及强震潜势评估     

庞炜  谢超  李瑞莎  张佩  路珍 《震灾防御技术》2021,16(2):272-282

祁连山-河西走廊西段构造区发育多条重要活动断裂,多年来已积累较丰富的古地震研究的成果。本文在前人研究基础上,结合历史地震数据等,从定量化强震复发间隔T与平均复发间隔T_a入手,将其比值（T/T_a）进行数学处理,借鉴NB模型的思路,建立祁连山-河西走廊西段构造区模型,进而对强震潜势进行评估。结果表明:祁连山-河西走廊西段构造区内未来可能的强震发生地点是榆木山北缘断裂芦泉河-九个泉段和榆木山东缘断裂梨园河口-黑河口段。  相似文献   

基于改进的经验格林函数方法的地震动模拟     

李启成  杜玉春  严冬冬  裴蕾 《地震研究》2013,36(1):74-80

改进的经验格林函数方法弃掉以往完全用经验方法确定用于合成大震的小震数目的方法,考虑了大地震断层各个子断层位错的不均匀性,使得经验格林函数方法的物理意义更加清楚。用改进的经验格林函数方法,以汶川MS6.4余震记录作为经验格林函数模拟了九寨白河台、松潘安宏台、皋兰台和成都中和4个台站的加速度时程,与以往的经验格林函数方法比较,模拟结果的反应谱与记录符合得更好,证明了改进的经验格林函数方法可以反映震源位错的复杂分布,可以在工程地震中用来估计场地地震动过程。  相似文献   

Metals contamination along the watershed and estuarine areas of southern Bohai Sea,China     

Li Xu  Tieyu Wang  Kun Ni  Shijie Liu  Pei Wang  Shuangwei Xie  Jing Meng  Xiaoqi Zheng  Yonglong Lu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

Distributions and magnitude of metals in water, sediment and soil collected from the watershed and estuarine areas of southern Bohai Sea, were investigated. The largest dissolved concentrations of As, Cu and Zn in water were 347.70, 2755.00, 2076.00 μg/L, respectively, much higher than corresponding drinking water guidelines. The greatest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, As and Cd in sediments were 1462.2, 1602.17, 196.43, 67.15, 63.54, 73.86 and 1.41 mg/kg, dw, respectively. The mean concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cr, Pb and As in soils were 24.67, 24.73, 0.14, 64.75, 56.52, 25.12 and 9.34 mg/kg, dw, respectively. Land use was confirmed to be an important factor of influence on soil metal concentrations. Metal contents along the watershed of Jie River were significantly greater than in other locations. The detection of metals in relatively high concentrations from different environmental matrices in this region indicates the necessity of further studies.  相似文献   

巴颜喀拉块体强震动力学过程数值模拟   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

杨兴悦  陈连旺  杨立明  李玉江  谭佩 《地震学报》2013,35(3)

以青藏高原为目标采用弹性体本构关系,模拟印度板块持续向北推进、挤压对巴颜喀拉块体及邻区的影响.通过降低强震发生位置处单元弹性模量的方法,模拟1900年以来发生在巴颜喀拉块体及周缘Ms≥7.0强震,计算序列中前面地震对后续强震的影响.模拟结果表明:①巴颜喀拉块体背景场应力水平大致与块体西部等效应力同等大小,自西向东逐渐递减,巴颜喀拉块体西部和中部等效应力从南向北逐渐递减,东部地区等效应力比较低;②模拟的14次地震序列中,有8次发生在前面强震所引起的等效应力增大的区域内,2次发生在等效应力增大和减小的过渡区域内,3次发生在等效应力减小的区域内;③从强震序列所引起的应力相互作用看,历史地震对1970年以来发生的地震影响结果为:历史地震加速了1973年亦基台错、1997年玛尼和2001年昆仑山口西地震的发生,昆仑山口西地震对汶川地震的影响较小,汶川地震对玉树地震的发生不具有加速触发作用.  相似文献   

Modeling rainfall interception loss by two xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau          下载免费PDF全文

Yu Zhang  Xiao‐Yan Li  Wei Li  Xiu‐Chen Wu  Fang‐Zhong Shi  Wei‐Wei Fang  Ting‐Ting Pei 《水文研究》2017,31(10):1926-1937

Rainfall interception loss plays an important role in ecohydrological processes in dryland shrub ecosystems, but its drivers still remain poorly understood. In this study, a statistical model was developed to simulate interception loss based on the mass balance measurements arising from the partitioning of rainfall in 2 dominant xerophytic shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides and Spiraea pubescens) communities in the Loess Plateau. We measured throughfall and stemflow in the field under natural rainfall, calculated the canopy storage capacity in the laboratory, and identified key factors controlling these components for the 2 shrubs. We quantified and scaled up the stemflow and the canopy storage capacity measurements from the branches and/or leaves to stand level. The average interception loss, throughfall, and stemflow fluxes account for 24.9%, 72.2%, and 2.9% of the gross rainfall for H. rhamnoides, and 19.2%, 70.7%, and 10.1% for S. pubescens, respectively. Throughfall increased with increasing rainfall for both shrubs; however, it was only correlated with the leaf area index for S. pubescens. For stemflow measured from individual branches, we found that the rainfall amount and basal diameter are the best predictors for H. rhamnoides, whereas rainfall amount and branch biomass appear to be the best predictors for S. pubescens. At the stand level, stemflow production is affected by the rainfall amount for H. rhamnoides, and it is affected by both the rainfall amount and the leaf area index for S. pubescens. The canopy storage capacity of H. rhamnoides (1.07–1.28 mm) was larger than S. pubescens (0.88–1.07 mm), and it is mainly determined by the branches and stems of H. rhamnoides and the leaves of S. pubescens. The differences in interception loss between the 2 shrub stands are mainly attributed to different canopy structures that induced differences in stemflow production and canopy storage. We evaluated the effects of canopy structure on rainfall interception loss, and our developed model provides a better understanding of the effects of the canopy structure on the water cycles in dryland shrub ecosystems.  相似文献   

Effects of spatial aggregation of soil spatial information on watershed hydrological modelling     

Runkui Li  A‐Xing Zhu  Xianfeng Song  Baolin Li  Tao Pei  Chengzhi Qin 《水文研究》2012,26(9):1390-1404

Many researchers have examined the impact of detailed soil spatial information on hydrological modelling due to the fact that such information serves as important input to hydrological modelling, yet is difficult and expensive to obtain. Most research has focused on the effects at single scales; however, the effects in the context of spatial aggregation across different scales are largely missing. This paper examines such effects by comparing the simulated runoffs across scales from watershed models based on two different levels of soil spatial information: the 10‐m‐resolution soil data derived from the Soil‐Land Inference Model (SoLIM) and the 1:24000 scale Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database in the United States. The study was conducted at three different spatial scales: two at different watershed size levels (referred to as full watershed and sub‐basin, respectively) and one at the model minimum simulation unit level. A fully distributed hydrologic model (WetSpa) and a semi‐distributed model (SWAT) were used to assess the effects. The results show that at the minimum simulation unit level the differences in simulated runoff are large, but the differences gradually decrease as the spatial scale of the simulation units increases. For sub‐basins larger than 10 km² in the study area, stream flows simulated by spatially detailed SoLIM soil data do not significantly vary from those by SSURGO. The effects of spatial scale are shown to correlate with aggregation effect of the watershed routing process. The unique findings of this paper provide an important and unified perspective on the different views reported in the literature concerning how spatial detail of soil data affects watershed modelling. Different views result from different scales at which those studies were conducted. In addition, the findings offer a potentially useful basis for selecting details of soil spatial information appropriate for watershed modelling at a given scale. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献