On the development mechanism of the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks of Chang 91 member in Ordos Basin     

Zhang  WenZheng  Yang  Hua  Fu  SuoTang  Zan  ChuanLi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2007,50(2):39-46

As revealed from recent drilling and organic geochemical testing and research, a series of lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks was discovered in the upper section of the Chang 9 oil reservoir member of upper Triassic in Ordos Basin. The hydrocarbon source rocks show average TOC content as high as 5.03%, average bitumen “A” content as high as 0.8603%, and good quality organic precursors, which are of the sapropelic type mainly derived from lower aquatic plants and have reached the thermal evolution stage featured by oil-producing climax. Generally the lacustrine high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks were developed in local depressions of a lake basin, and the Chang 9₁ member was particularly formed in a depositional environment characterized by fresh water to weakly saline water, weakly oxidizing to weakly reducing setting and semi-deep lake facies, as was demonstrated by a variety of organic to inorganic geochemical parameters. As a result, high productivity constitutes the principal controlling force for generation of this series of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks. Deposition of thinly-bedded and laminated tuffs as well as positive Eu anomaly corroborate the possible occurrence of anoxic geological event closely related to contemporaneous volcanic eruption, which would play a key part in development of the Chang 9₁ member of high-grade hydrocarbon source rocks.

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Analysis of soil‐structural interface behavior using three‐dimensional DEM simulations          下载免费PDF全文

Xue‐Ying Jing  Wan‐Huan Zhou  Hua‐Xiang Zhu  Zhen‐Yu Yin  Yangmin Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(2):339-357

The shear behavior at the interface between the soil and a structure is investigated at the macroscale and particle‐scale levels using a 3‐dimensional discrete element method (DEM). The macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic quantities affected by the normalized interface roughness and the loading parameters are analyzed. The macro‐response shows that the shear strength of the interface increases as the normalized roughness of the interface increases, and stress softening and dilatancy of the soil material are observed in the tests that feature rough interfaces. The particle‐scale analysis illustrates that a localized band characterized by intense shear deformation emerges from the contact plane and gradually expands as shearing progresses before stabilizing at the residual stress state. The thickness of the localized band is affected by the normalized roughness of the interface and the normal stress, which ranges between 4 and 5 times that of the median grain diameter. A thicker localized band is formed when the soil has a rough shearing interface. After the localized band appears, the granular material structuralizes into 2 regions: the interface zone and the upper zone. The mechanical behavior in the interface zone is representative of the interface according to the local average stress analysis. Certain microscopic quantities in the interface zone are analyzed, including the coordination number and the material fabric. Shear at the interface creates an anisotropic material fabric and leads to the rotation of the major principal stress.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the CFSv2 CMIP5 decadal predictions     

Rodrigo J. Bombardi  Jieshun Zhu  Lawrence Marx  Bohua Huang  Hua Chen  Jian Lu  Lakshmi Krishnamurthy  V. Krishnamurthy  Ioana Colfescu  James L. Kinter III  Arun Kumar  Zeng-Zhen Hu  Shrinivas Moorthi  Patrick Tripp  Xingren Wu  Edwin K. Schneider 《Climate Dynamics》2015,44(1-2):543-557

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Evaluating the SEBS‐estimated evaporative fraction from MODIS data for a complex underlying surface     

Jing Lu  Zhao‐Liang Li  Ronglin Tang  Bo‐Hui Tang  Hua Wu  Fengting Yang  Jelila Labed  Guoqing Zhou 《水文研究》2013,27(22):3139-3149

With the complex nature of land surfaces, more attention should be paid to the performance of remotely sensed models to estimate evapotranspiration from moderate and low spatial resolution data. Taking into account the characteristic of a stable evaporative fraction (EF) in the daytime, this paper uses the surface energy balance system (SEBS) to estimate the EF from MODIS data for a subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation in southern China and evaluates the stability of the SEBS model in estimating the EF under complex surface conditions. The results show that the SEBS‐estimated EF is larger than the measured EF partly because of the serious lack of energy‐balance closure. This difference can be largely reduced by the residual energy correction method. More evaporative land cover within the MODIS pixel is a main reason for the overestimated EF. SEBS underestimates sensible heat flux, and the underestimation of surface available energy also contributes to the overestimation of the EF. The EF estimated from MODIS/Terra data is in agreement with that from MODIS/Aqua data with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.552, a mean bias error (BIAS) of 0.028, and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.079, which is consistent with the result from in situ measurements. In addition, the estimation of surface available energy from remotely sensed data is evaluated on this complex underlying surface. Compared with in situ measurements, the available energy is underestimated by 28 W m^?2 with an RMSE = 50 W m^?2 and an R² = 0.87. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A refined model of a typhoon near-surface wind field based on CFD     

Yang  Youtian  Dong  Lin  Li  Jiazi  Li  Wenli  Sheng  Dan  Zhang  Hua 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):389-410

Natural Hazards - Community participation has grown in prominence in mitigating disasters globally. It involves the active involvement in search and rescue to reconstruction that people affected by...  相似文献   

洛美沙星和诺氟沙星对水中生物反硝化过程的影响模拟试验     

张玉叶  何江涛  邓璐  邹华  张金刚  杨美萍 《地学前缘》2022,29(5):497-507

近年来水环境中硝酸盐污染与抗生素污染的现象引起了人们的广泛关注,但目前复合抗生素污染对反硝化过程产生的影响并不明确。本研究以水环境中检出率较高的诺氟沙星和洛美沙星为代表进行模拟实验,探究ng级的两种抗生素复合对反硝化过程的影响。硝氮和亚硝氮的降解情况表明,实验浓度条件下,洛美沙星、诺氟沙星单用与二者联用对水环境中的反硝化过程存在不同的抑制作用。洛美沙星单用前期轻微促进反硝化,后期表现抑制作用,而诺氟沙星单用始终表现出抑制作用;洛美沙星和诺氟沙星联用抑制作用小于诺氟沙星单用,联用表现为拮抗作用。各体系的抑制作用大小为诺氟沙星>诺氟沙星+洛美沙星>洛美沙星。该模拟试验条件虽与实际条件有所差异,但在一定程度上表明抗生素联用表现出拮抗作用与反硝化体系内微生物数量、活性,反硝化酶活性,反硝化菌优势物种Achromobacter xylosoxidans、Acinetobacter baumannii、Pseudomonas sp.KY及功能基因nosZ和aac的丰度的变化有关。抗生素加入反硝化体系后会产生持续的影响,随反应时间的增加,反硝化菌逐渐适应有低浓度抗生素存在的环境,喹诺酮类抗生素耐药基因数量增加,微生物的耐药性增强,反硝化菌在数量和活性、反硝化酶活性及微生物群落层面均有回升趋势。  相似文献   

水平开发井在海上油田储量评价和开发生产中的应用     

洪浩  戴建文  王华  宋刚  黄余金  刘振  廖意  涂乙 《地质科技情报》2022,41(3):173-179

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四川盆地西部二叠系多期台缘带油气勘探潜力     

杨雨  文龙  陈聪  汪华 《地学前缘》2023,30(1):1-10

四川盆地西部二叠纪时期位于稳定克拉通边缘,受到海西运动、东吴运动和峨眉地裂运动的共同作用,发生构造-沉积分异。本文采用构造控盆、盆地控相、相控成藏要素组合的研究思路,在川西地区开展新一轮研究工作,揭示了二叠纪构造-沉积分异对油气成藏的控制作用,明确川西地区海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探潜力。盆地二叠纪以拉张伸展背景为主,总体呈现“南部隆升、西部裂陷、北部拉张”的沉积格局。二叠纪多期构造运动共同导致了川西地区一系列台内裂陷的形成,叠加二叠纪时期海平面变化,控制了栖霞至长兴期的多期台缘发育。川西北地区发育北东—南西向和北西—南东向两组断裂体系控制该区岩相古地理格局,其中龙门山断裂带主要控制了泥盆纪至二叠纪栖霞期沿上扬子台地西北缘发育台缘带,呈北东向展布。茅口至长兴期台缘带受克拉通边缘及台内裂陷共同控制,在川西地区呈北东向展布,梓潼—老关庙地区沿裂陷发育呈北西向展布,在剑阁一带,栖霞、茅口、吴家坪和长兴组多期台缘带叠置发育。川西地区二叠纪多期台缘控制了多层系优质滩相储层和礁储层叠置发育,是川西地区二叠系规模孔隙型储层发育的主控因素。多期古裂陷、多期台缘带和成藏期大型古隆起三元素耦合有利于油气规模聚集成...  相似文献   

黄骅坳陷断裂发育特征及其对新生古储型潜山成藏控制作用     

金凤鸣  张飞鹏  韩国猛  蒲秀刚  王华  付立新  李宏军  楼达  程鑫  孙沛沛 《地学前缘》2023,30(1):55-68

“新生古储”型潜山是大港油田潜山勘探的重要领域并取得了勘探突破,多期断裂演化控制了新生古储潜山类型多样性及成藏条件多样性。通过系统分析坳陷控山断裂的静态、动态特征,恢复断裂发育对潜山山系形成的控制作用,针对古生界内幕碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩储层物性特征和成储机制、烃源岩特征及源-储配置关系等成藏要素系统分析,区划潜山类型,指出不同类型潜山勘探潜力层系及分布区。研究结果表明：(1)现今断裂具有多走向、多性质的特征,受控于多期次叠合演化的结果。其主要为四个期次：T₃时期近EW和NW(W)逆断,J₁₊₂继承发育;J₃+K₁初期挤压逆冲形成NNE(近SN)向逆断-转换断层;至K₁为负反转发育阶段,形成负反转断层;E时期受伸展作用控制,形成NE(E)向伸展断层。(2)“两期挤压成山-一期块断成山”成山过程,内幕储层经历“早成岩期—表生期—中成岩期—晚成岩期”多期成岩作用,奥陶系碳酸盐储层为中孔-中渗储层,碎屑岩储层为中-低孔隙、中-低渗储层。(3)在孔二段和沙三段优质烃源岩发育的条件下,源-储对...  相似文献   

基于秒级探空资料分析四川重力波统计特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吴泓锟  陈起英  华维  李芳芳  李泽椿 《应用气象学报》2019,30(4):491-501

利用2014年6月-2017年9月的秒级探空资料,选取四川地区5个代表性站点研究重力波在对流层（2~10 km）和平流层（18~25 km）的时空特征。选取结果表明:重力波能量在四川地区各个高度均存在明显的季节变化,冬季强,夏季弱;在对流层由于地形影响,川西和川北高原地区的能量小于其他地区。垂直波长没有明显的时空变化,在对流层和平流层分别集中分布于1.5~3 km和1.5~3.5 km;水平波长则差别较大,分别分布于0~300 km和100~700 km,平均值分别为100 km和350 km。重力波固有频率在对流层有较大的区域差异,表现为在四川西北部的高原地区固有频率平均值为3f（f为地转参数）,其他地区则仅为2.4f;平流层则没有明显的差异存在,均约为2f。四川地区重力波的垂直传播方向特征基本相同,在对流层约有50%的波动向上传播,平流层则有90%以上的波动向上传播。水平传播则存在明显的不确定性,特别是对流层;平流层水平传播方向存在明显的季节变化,表现为夏季重力波多向偏东方向传播,而其他季节则向偏西方向传播。  相似文献