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31.
At 625°C the percentage of sulfur in the non-volatile portion of the Bapung coal beds ranges from 1.08 to 3.10 wt.%, with the pyritic sulfur ranging from 0.02 to 0.32 wt.%, the sulfate sulfur ranges from 0.02 to 0.30 wt.%, and the organic sulfur from 0.88 to 2.49 wt.%. The total sulfur in the Bapung coal ranges from 2.50 to 12.44%. Organic sulfur appears to be more abundant among the different sulfur species. However, the pyritic sulfur increases quickly as the total sulfur content increases at 925°C, the percentage of sulfur in non-volatile portion ranges from 1.27 to 2.54 wt.%, with pyritic sulfur ranging from 0.02 to 0.56 wt.%, sulfate sulfur ranges from 0.04 to 0.16 wt.%, and the organic sulfur from 1.15 to 2.03 wt.%. 相似文献
32.
Rahim Nia 《Mineralium Deposita》1968,3(4):368-374
Zusammenfassung Die Diskussionen über die Diaspor-Boehmit-Genese in Bauxit-Lagerstätten stützten sich im wesentlichen auf die Untersuchung einzelner Profile. Bei der Bearbeitung griechischer Bauxitvorkommen der Parnass-Kiona-Zone ergab sich jedoch, daß die Frage der Diaspor-Boehmit-Verteilung nur durch eine flächenhafte, netzartige Probenentnahme mit Dezimeter-Abständen geklärt werden kann. Diese Untersuchungsmethodik ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für das Studium der Diaspor-Boehmit-Genese. Es gelang, im Gelände makroskopisch Diaspor- von Boehmit-Bauxiten zu unterscheiden. Es zeigte sich, daß die Lage von Diaspor und Boehmit im Profil nicht konstant ist. Somit erscheint es unumgänglich, die bisherigen Vorstellungen über die Diaspor-Boehmit-Genese zu überprüfen.
The discussions on the diaspore and boehmite genesis in bauxite deposits so far have been based mainly on investigations of single profiles and their comparisons. Our investigations on Greek bauxites of the Parnass-Kiona-Zone showed clearly that the distribution of these two minerals within the bauxites can be found out only by grid-like taken samples at intervals of decimeters. This method is of greatest importance to studies of the boehmite and diaspore genesis. We are able to distinguish in the field macroscopically between diaspore and boehmite bauxites. The distribution of these two minerals is not the same within different profiles. It seems necessary to revise again the present opinions on the formation of diaspore and boehmite in the bauxite deposits.相似文献
33.
Alan D. Ziegler Junjiro N. Negishi Roy C. Sidle Takashi Gomi Shoji Noguchi Abdul Rahim Nik 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(13):1947-1970
Measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and diagnostic model simulations show that all types of logging road/trail in the 14·4 ha Bukit Tarek Experimental Catchment 3 (BTEC3) generate substantial Horton overland flow (HOF) during most storms, regardless of design and level of trafficking. Near‐surface Ks(0–0·05 m) on the main logging road, skid trails and newly constructed logging terraces was less than 1, 2 and 34 mm h?1, respectively. Near‐surface Ks on an abandoned skid trail in an adjacent basin was higher (62 mm h?1), owing to the development of a thin organic‐rich layer on the running surface over the past 40 years. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measured at 0·25 m below the surface of all roads was not different (all <6 mm h?1) and corresponded to the Ks of the adjacent hillslope subsoil, as most roads were excavated into the regolith more than 0·5–1 m. After 40 years, only limited recovery in near‐surface Ks occurred on the abandoned skid trail. This road generated HOF after the storage capacity of the upper near‐surface layer was exceeded during events larger than about 20 mm. Thus, excavation into low‐Ks substrate had a greater influence on the persistence of surface runoff production than did surface compaction by machinery during construction and subsequent use during logging operations. Overland flow on BTEC3 roads was also augmented by the interception of shallow subsurface flow traveling along the soil–saprolite/bedrock interface and return flow emerging from the cutbank through shallow biogenic pipes. The most feasible strategy for reducing long‐term road‐related impacts in BTEC3 is limiting the depth of excavation and designing a more efficient road network, including minimizing the length and connectivity of roads and skid trails. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
34.
Yusoff Abdul Hafidz Sabuti Asnor Azrin Mohamed Che Abd Rahim 《Ocean Science Journal》2015,50(2):403-412
Ocean Science Journal - Sediment cores collected from three Malaysian marine ports, namely, Kota Kinabalu, Labuan and Klang were analyzed to determine the radioactivities of 234U, 238U, 230Th,... 相似文献
35.
Farid TEZHEH Bijan BEIRANVAND Hormuz GHALAVAND Mohammad Reza KAMALI Rahim BAGHERI TIRTASHI 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(5):1562-1573
A total of 6 oil samples were systematically selected from six Asmari Reservoir wells in the Cheshmeh-Khush Oilfield for geochemical evaluation of the hydrocarbon system, based on reservoir geochemistry and oil fingerprints. An investigation of the distribution patterns of normal alkanes and tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes along with characteristic biomarkers of the depositional environment and sedimentary facies, indicated that the source rock of the studied hydrocarbons was deposited in a reducing aquatic environment with a low input of terrigenous material and predominantly carbonate lithology derived from organic algal matter. The studied oil samples exhibited moderate maturity, as was further confirmed by the parameters extracted from the light hydrocarbons. Statistical clustering based on different biomarker parameters indicated the presence of two oil families. Additionally, the application of branched and cyclic compounds in the light hydrocarbons (C5–C11) to evaluate lateral continuity of the Asmari reservoir further supported the presence of the two oil families. Other evidence proved the presence of a NE–SW trending fault separating wells X5 and X6 from the other wells in the field. In other wells across the field, good lateral reservoir continuity was observed, despite the presence of faults on the northern and southern plunges of the structure. 相似文献
36.
Jumaat H Adam Nurulhuda Edy Muslim Abdul Halim Hashim Abd Rahim Othman Hafiza Abd Hamid Gire Kibe Gopir Lydia M Pilik Ramlan Omar Muhammad Barzani Qasim Jumat Salimon Sahibin Abd Rahim Marlia Mohd Hanafiah 《湿地科学》2005,3(3):183-189
1INTRODUCTION NepentheswhichareknownlocallyinPeninsular Malaysiaasperiukkerabelongtoamonogenericfami lyNepenthaceae.Atpresent,atotalofninespecies(excludingnaturalhybrids)arerecordedfromPenin sularMalaysia.Ofthese,fourspeciesareendemic,whilsttheotherfivespeciesarefoundoutsidethepen insula.Thespeciescanarbitrarilybeclassifiedinto thelowlandspeciesandthehighlandspecies(Clarke,2002;Shivas,1984;Kurata,1976).Threespeciesarefoundinthehighlandhabitatscom monlyatanelevationofabove1000mforaboves… 相似文献
37.
Chandru K Zakaria MP Anita S Shahbazi A Sakari M Bahry PS Mohamed CA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(5):950-962
The East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia faces the South China Sea and is vulnerable to oil pollution because of intense petroleum production activities in the area. The South China Sea is also a favored route for supertankers carrying crude oil to the Far East. Consequently, oil spills can occur, causing pollution and contamination in the surrounding areas. Residual oil spills stranded on coastal beaches usually end up as tar-balls. Elucidating the sources of tar-balls using a molecular marker approach is essential in assessing environmental impacts and perhaps settling legal liabilities for affected parties. This study utilizes a multimodal molecular marker approach through the use of diagnostic ratios of alkanes, hopanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to determine the source, distribution and weathering of tar-balls. Hopane ratios (e.g., C29/C30, and summation C31-C35/C30 ratios) were used to identify the sources of tar-balls. The weathering effects were distinguished by using alkanes, namely the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and low molecular weight/high molecular weight (L/H) ratios. Similarly, PAHs were also used for the determination of weathering processes undergone by the tar-balls. This multimodal molecular marker gave a very strong indication of the sources of tar-balls in this study. For example, 16 out of 17 samples originated from South East Asian Crude Oil (SEACO) with one sample from Merang, Terengganu originating from North Sea Oil (Troll). The TRME-2 sample may have come from a supertanker's ballast water discharge. The second possibility is that the tar-ball may have been transported via oceanographic currents. All 'weathered' sample characterizations were based on the presence of UCM and other ratios. The multimodal molecular marker approach applied in this study has enabled us to partially understand the transport behavior of tar-balls in the marine environment and has revealed insights into the weathering process of tar-balls. 相似文献
38.
Ali?Rezaei Hossein?HassaniEmail author Mohammad?Hayati Nima?Jabbari Rahim?Barzegar 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(5):1317-1336
Groundwater is an important source of freshwater for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses in Iran. Groundwater quality assessment and environmental evaluation are considered as critical issues in recent years. Intensive human activities have resulted in significant changes in environment leading to serious groundwater contamination. This research proposes a two-part systematic approach to tackle heavy metals contamination problem in Rayen Basin (southeast Iran). The first part consists of determining geochemical characteristics and evaluating groundwater quality through application of water quality index and heavy metal pollution indices (i.e. HPI and MI). The second part includes ranking sampling stations based on heavy metals concentration in groundwater using linear assignment method. Six types of water could be identified according to the dominant cations and anions in samples: Ca–HCO3, Ca–SO4, Na–Cl, Na–HCO3, Na–SO4 and mixed water type. Calculation of indices revealed that natural and anthropogenic activities are playing a vital role in degrading groundwater quality in the study area. The proposed methodology can help in groundwater resource management and preventative activities by identifying risk factors and recognizing their pollution level. The results of this research provide useful and effective information for water pollution control and management and can be used in environmental studies in order to protect groundwater resources in the future. 相似文献
39.
Liquid sloshing is a common phenomenon in the liquid tanks transportation. Liquid waves lead to fluctuating forces on the tank wall. Uncontrolled fluctuations lead to large forces and momentums. Baffles can control these fluctuations. A numerical method, which has been widely used to model this phenomenon, is Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH). The Lagrangian nature of this method makes it suitable for simulating free surface flows. In the present study, an accurate Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(ISPH) method is developed and improved using the kernel gradient correction tensors, particle shifting algorithms, k–ε turbulence model, and free surface particle detectors. Comparisons with the experimental data approve the ability of the present algorithm for simulating shallow water sloshing. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the vertical baffle on the damping of liquid sloshing. Results show that baffles number has a major role in sloshing fluctuation damping. 相似文献
40.
Ionic liquid as a medium to remove iron and other metal ions: a case study of the North Kelantan Aquifer,Malaysia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Nur Hayati Hussin Ismail Yusoff Yatimah Alias Sharifah Mohamad Nurul Yani Rahim Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2105-2113
An alternative iron removal treatment method using liquid-liquid extraction with the room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, as a solvent medium was studied. The chelating agent 1,10-phenanthroline was used as the extractant. The extraction of Fe(III) and Fe(II) was influenced significantly by the pH of the aqueous phase. The successful removal of iron was achieved; more than 95 % of the initial iron concentration was removed from the groundwater samples. However, detailed research is needed before the ionic liquid method can replace the conventional groundwater treatment protocol because the recovery rate was very low upon reuse (approximately 25–60 %). This low recovery was due to the ion exchange process; the appearance of anions from ionic liquids was also detected in groundwater samples. 相似文献