Sensitivity of the Parameterizations of Vertical Mixing and Radiative Heat Fluxes on the Seasonal Evolution of the Thermal Structure of Lake Erie     

G. Djoumna  K. G. Lamb  Yerubandi R. Rao 《大气与海洋》2014,52(4):294-313

A sensitivity analysis of the parameterizations of vertical mixing and radiative fluxes on the seasonal evolution of Lake Erie's thermal structure is performed using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) and the General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM). The models have the same horizontal resolution and are forced with observed meteorological data from April to October of 2002 and 2008. For turbid waters like Lake Erie, the three-band model for the parameterization of downward shortwave radiation produces more accurate temperatures in the thermocline and less error in simulating the mixed-layer depths than the widely used two-band model. Although the two models differ in vertical and horizontal mixing, numerical methods, and vertical discretization, they produced qualitatively comparable results. Comparison with observations shows that the models can reproduce the time evolution of the lake temperature reasonably well. The MITgcm and the GETM with the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 (MY2.5) closure produce a deeper mixed layer than observed at a station located in the eastern basin, causing large errors in simulating the temperature in the thermocline while the GETM, using a turbulence scheme called “gen,” reproduces a mixed layer in better agreement with observations. The mixed-layer obtained with the k-ε closure is between those obtained with gen and MY2.5. The error in simulating the mixed-layer depths and the thermocline temperature at a station located in the central basin using the gen closure and the GETM was about 2°C lower than that obtained by the K-Profile Parameterization mixing scheme of the MITgcm. The models simulated a lake-wide anticyclonic circulation occupying the southwest part of the central basin but showed distinct differences in simulating gyres in the northwestern part of the central basin and in the eastern basin of the lake. The signature of a basin-scale Poincaré wave observed in the current data is also well represented by the two models.  相似文献   

A new method of quantifying aerosol concentrations in atmosphere     

K. S. Madhava Rao  T. S. Verma  S. Chimidza  Shibu K. John 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2014,124(1-2):83-96

Africa is one of the sources of biomass burning emissions. It is estimated that about 6 million tons of fuel per day is consumed in the southern hemisphere. Biomass burning has an important contribution on aerosol particle concentrations in the atmosphere. Efforts have been made to conduct research in Gaborone to monitor the concentration of atmospheric aerosol particles. These studies were mainly confined to measurement of concentration of aerosol particles and establishing a relation with determinants such as carbon dioxide concentration, biomass burning, and precipitation among others. However, very little seems to have been done in relating the empirical data to levels of aerosol concentrations through a mathematical model. In this paper an objective criterion of classifying levels of aerosol concentrations in terms of their severity is provided. A mathematical model for severity levels is built. Furthermore, two indices, namely, an index of dispersion when applied to the observed annual data indicated that intensity of atmospheric aerosol are on increase in the city of Gaborone, Botswana, and an index of drift which establishes that aerosol severity states showed larger drift during the year 2006–2007 than in the year 2007–2008.  相似文献   

Summer monsoon circulation and precipitation over the tropical Indian Ocean during ENSO in the NCEP climate forecast system     

J. S. Chowdary  H. S. Chaudhari  C. Gnanaseelan  Anant Parekh  A. Suryachandra Rao  P. Sreenivas  S. Pokhrel  P. Singh 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(7-8):1925-1947

This study investigates the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections to tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and their relationship with the Indian summer monsoon in the coupled general circulation model climate forecast system (CFS). The model shows good skill in simulating the impact of El Niño over the Indian Oceanic rim during its decay phase (the summer following peak phase of El Niño). Summer surface circulation patterns during the developing phase of El Niño are more influenced by local Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies in the model unlike in observations. Eastern TIO cooling similar to that of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a dominant model feature in summer. This anomalous SST pattern therefore is attributed to the tendency of the model to simulate more frequent IOD events. On the other hand, in the model baroclinic response to the diabatic heating anomalies induced by the El Niño related warm SSTs is weak, resulting in reduced zonal extension of the Rossby wave response. This is mostly due to weak eastern Pacific summer time SST anomalies in the model during the developing phase of El Niño as compared to observations. Both eastern TIO cooling and weak SST warming in El Niño region combined together undermine the ENSO teleconnections to the TIO and south Asia regions. The model is able to capture the spatial patterns of SST, circulation and precipitation well during the decay phase of El Niño over the Indo-western Pacific including the typical spring asymmetric mode and summer basin-wide warming in TIO. The model simulated El Niño decay one or two seasons later, resulting long persistent warm SST and circulation anomalies mainly over the southwest TIO. In response to the late decay of El Niño, Ekman pumping shows two maxima over the southern TIO. In conjunction with this unrealistic Ekman pumping, westward propagating Rossby waves display two peaks, which play key role in the long-persistence of the TIO warming in the model (for more than a season after summer). This study strongly supports the need of simulating the correct onset and decay phases of El Niño/La Niña for capturing the realistic ENSO teleconnections. These results have strong implications for the forecasting of Indian summer monsoon as this model is currently being adopted as an operational model in India.  相似文献   

基于集成综合评价法的气象服务满意度分析     

崔更新  姚秀萍  杨国孝  吕明辉  刘东利 《气象科技》2014,42(3):530-534

气象服务满意度分析在公众气象服务满意度评价业务上起着非常关键的作用。针对我国31个省市的气象服务满意度现状,采用2010年全国公众气象服务评估调查数据,分别运用主成分分析法和熵值法进行分析,得到两种关于城市气象服务满意度的排序结果。但主成分分析法侧重考虑变量的相关性以及熵值法侧重考虑变量的不确定性,故将两种排序结果在通过一致性检验的基础上,运用集成综合评价法得到另外一种新的排序结果,介于以上两种结果之间。因此得到一个关于城市气象服务满意度的新认识,并给出提高气象服务满意度的建议。  相似文献   

威海市批后监管系统设计与实现          下载免费PDF全文

于明辉  毕见武  樊兆震  郭小光  邵常艳 《山东国土资源》2014,30(4):103-106

威海市国土资源局利用地理信息技术创新国土资源监管的手段,加强建设用地批后监管工作,有力保障用地行为依法进行,有效推进土地节约集约利用。该文介绍了批后监管系统的建设目标和建设原则,并详细论述了批后监管的总体框架和功能设计,说明了该系统的主要特点;并结合建设用地批后监管工作中的应用,总结了建设用地批后监管的应用经验。  相似文献   

基于分形和灰度共生矩阵纹理特征的种植型药用植物遥感分类   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

郑淑丹  郑江华  石明辉  郭宝林  森巴提  孙志群  贾晓光  李晓瑾 《遥感学报》2014,18(4):868-886

遥感技术应用已成为中国中药资源普查的一个重要探索方向。以红花(Carthams Tinctorius L.)为种植型药用植物实验样本品种,分别基于分形理论和灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)两种方法提取不同的纹理特征,结合光谱信息对资源三号卫星(ZY-3)影像进行最大似然方法的监督分类,对比分析分类效果和精度评价。结果显示:加入纹理特征后,总体分类精度提高了0.49%—5.31%,Kappa系数提高了0.01—0.07,结合基于双毯法的分形纹理较GLCM纹理分类总体效果提高至少两倍,其中在Matlab环境下,使用5×5滑动窗口提取的分形纹理特征的分类效果最显著,总体分类精度提高了5.31%,Kappa系数提高了0.07。对于红花分类精度,引入分形纹理特征的分类精度提高到了100%,识别的红花样地效果最完整,破碎程度最小,与其他类别区分度最高;而引入GLCM的分类精度却降低了0.55%—1.28%,可见采用分形理论比采用GLCM提取纹理特征能够更加有效地辅助ZY-3影像识别种植型药用植物。  相似文献   

三沙永乐蓝洞成因机制初探*     

高金尉  付腾飞  赵明辉  张汉羽  田丽艳 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):171-183

海洋蓝洞保留了原始的水体、沉积物、化石残骸和完整的生物骨骼, 是重要的自然遗产和地质奇观, 具有重要的科学研究价值。三沙永乐蓝洞是目前全球已发现的最深海洋蓝洞, 有着独特的洞体结构和水体化学特征, 但其成因仍是未解之谜。本文结合南海的构造演化, 分析了永乐环礁碳酸盐岩台地的发育历史, 认为永乐环礁的形成以加积和退积为主, 其台地边缘属于陡崖型台地斜坡, 有利于发育断层/裂缝; 永乐环礁之上钻井岩心的氧同位素数据表明, 永乐环礁在14.75~168.60m的深度范围内发生了地下水溶蚀作用, 这与实际观测到的158m深洞体转折处之上发生的洞穴垮塌作用相符。通过综合对比分析认为, 三沙永乐蓝洞的形成是断层/裂缝溶蚀机制与深部洞穴垮塌机制综合作用的结果。地下水(淡水、海水)首先沿着台地边缘发育的断层/裂缝进行溶蚀, 在158m以上通过洞穴垮塌作用形成了近垂直的洞穴, 而在158m以下则沿着断层/裂缝继续向下溶蚀形成了略倾斜的深部洞穴结构, 最终由于海平面的上升淹没而形成了蓝洞。本研究可为未来寻找更多海洋蓝洞提供重要的经验与借鉴。  相似文献   

Modified Dubois Model for Estimating Soil Moisture with Dual Polarized SAR Data     

S. Srinivasa Rao  S. Dinesh kumar  S. N. Das  M. S. S. Nagaraju  M. V. Venugopal  Prashant Rajankar  Pankaj Laghate  M. Sivaprasad Reddy  A. K. Joshi  J. R. Sharma 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(4):865-872

This paper discusses a new methodology to estimate soil moisture in agriculture region using SAR data with the use of HH and HV polarization. In this study the semi empirical model derived by Dubois et al. (IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 33(4), 915–926, 1995) was modified to work using σ _HH instead of two like polarization equations σ_HH, σ_VV so that soil moisture can be obtained for the larger area frequently. The field derived roughness correlated with the cross polarization ratio (HV/HH) to replace the one unknown parameter ‘s’ in the Dubois model and hence the dielectric constant was derived by inverting the Dubois model equation (HH). The Topp et al. (Water Resources Research, 16(3), 574–582, 1980) model was used to retrieve soil moisture using the dielectric constant. The mid incidence angle was used to overcome the incident angle effect and it worked successfully to the larger extent. The result is realistic overall, especially where surface has less variation in the roughness and vegetation since the penetration capability of C-band is limited when plant grows hence model valid in the initial period of cultivation. The derived model is having good scope for soil moisture monitoring with the present availability of Indian RISAT data.  相似文献   

Use of geo-spatial information and technologies for analyzing morphological changes in the Greater Visakhapatnam coastal region,east coast of India     

P. Swarna Latha  K. Nageswara Rao 《国际地球制图》2013,28(5):391-411

The objective of this study was to investigate the land use/land cover, landforms, shoreline and coastal regulation zone (CRZ) changes of Greater Visakhapatnam coastal region using Indian Remote Sensing-IRS P6 (Resourcesat-I) satellite data and collateral information. Prominent changes have been observed during the past 30 years through land use/land cover analyzes which clearly indicate that thecoastal regulatory zones have altered in respect of both natural and anthropogenic activities. Various geomorphic units were identified and confirmed with appropriate field work. Significant changes have been recognized in the shoreline map, which denote that the area of erosional shoreline is larger than the accretional and stable prone shoreline. The availability of high resolution data has helped to prepare large-scale maps for implementation of CRZ measures. The results were promising and suggest that the modern geo-spatial information and technological tools are extremely helpful for conducting coastal morphological studies.  相似文献   

Soil erosion assessment in Rangit catchment,India through a process-based model in the geospatial environment     

Hari Venkata Durga Rao Korada  Venkateshwar Rao Vala 《国际地球制图》2013,28(5):507-519

The accurate assessment of soil erosion in the spatial environment can give valuable input in designing reservoirs and for preparing watershed management action plans. Rangit River in northeastern India is affected by severe soil erosion, causing reduction in its reservoir capacity. The main aim of the paper is to estimate the soil erosion in the Rangit catchment, India through a process-based soil erosion model that integrates remote sensing and field data in the geospatial domain, and also to identify the problem areas for further watershed management action plans. Various topographic parameters that were derived from land use, soil texture and a digital elevation model were used for the estimation of soil erosion. The Morgan, Morgan and Finny model was used to compute soil erosion. Based on the drainage pattern, the catchment was divided into eight sub-catchments for detailed study. Annual soil erosion was estimated for four years from 2002 to 2005 using the corresponding year’s meteorological data. Estimated soil erosion was compared with the field data in each year and found very good correlation.  相似文献