Index to volume 4     

F. Quattrocchi  R. Pik  L. Pizzino  M. Guerra  P. Scarlato 《Journal of Seismology》2000,4(4):601-607

Authors Index

Index to volume 4  相似文献   

Hydrothermal overprint on Cenozoic sediments in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais: implications for precious metals in cratonic terrains     

Alexandre Raphael Cabral  Nikola Koglin 《地学学报》2014,26(2):111-119

Cenozoic sediments deposited in graben‐like basins in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, southern São Francisco craton, Brazil, have anomalous contents of Hg and Sb. Two localities have been studied: the topaz deposit of Antônio Pereira, and the remains of the old opencast workings at Cata Preta, one of the earliest Au mines of Minas Gerais that dates back to about 1690. At Cata Preta, a brecciated wad‐like rock exhibits geochemical fingerprints that point to fractionation of Pt and Pd from Ag. This metal fractionation, reflected in the Au ingots produced in the region, genetically links Cata Preta to the near‐surface bonanza ore of Serra Pelada, which formed as a result of a Late‐Cretaceous hydrothermal overprint in the Amazon craton. Here, we propose that anorogenic hydrothermal activity in cratonic terrains prepared the ground for the enrichment in precious metals that gave rise to two of the most important Au rushes in Brazilian history.  相似文献   

Fluid-inclusion microthermometry and the Zr-in-rutile thermometer for hydrothermal rutile     

Alexandre Raphael Cabral  Francisco Javier Rios  Lucilia Aparecida Ramos de Oliveira  Francisco Robério de Abreu  Bernd Lehmann  Thomas Zack  František Laufek 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2015,104(2):513-519

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青藏高原东南缘芒康地区河流地貌演化的磷灰石U-Th/He记录     

肖萍  刘静  王伟  钟宁  曾令森  Rapha 《第四纪研究》2015,35(2)

青藏高原东南缘地处印度与欧亚板块碰撞侧向逃逸的特殊构造部位,地势起伏相对较缓,形成三江并流的独特地貌格局.然而,对于东南缘大尺度地形地貌形成机制与水系演化的认识仍存在很大的分歧.本文获得的澜沧江流域芒康地区5个基岩样品磷灰石U-Th/He年龄表明该地区在早-中中新世(23～15Ma)经历了一次区域性冷却事件,且冷却速率在5Ma期间从40℃/Ma降低到28℃/Ma以下.目前可获得的青藏高原东缘-东南缘的低温年代学数据表明:尽管川西-藏东-滇北一带具有相似地貌特征,但高海拔、低起伏地貌面的形成是穿时性的,不能将它作为一个区域上连续的等时面来计算和探讨一个统一的区域抬升启动时间;三江地区地形属于非稳态的过渡型地形,尤其芒康-左贡地区剥蚀速率的差异比较清晰地展示了澜沧江流域地形演化处于非稳态期.此外,河流下切是塑造澜沧江流域的地形地貌主要驱动力之一:干流的侵蚀速率远远高于支流的侵蚀速率;河流下切强烈的地区(如德钦)对应的侵蚀速率及地形起伏度都较大,芒康地区微弱的地形起伏度取决于较低的侵蚀速率.第三纪以来的印度-欧亚板块碰撞导致青藏高原崛起的同时,也对周边尤其藏东南三江地区的地形地貌塑造及气候变化产生重大的影响.  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000334     

Weronika Gorczyk  Hugh Smithies  Fawna Korhonen  Heather Howard  Raphael Quentin De Gromard 《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(1):23-37

The Musgrave Province developed at the nexus of the North,West and South Australian cratons and its Mesoproterozoic evolution incorporates a 100 Ma period of ultra-high temperature(UHT) metamorphism from ca.1220 to ca.1120 Ma.This was accompanied by high-temperature A-type granitic magmatism over an 80 Ma period,sourced in part from mantle-derived components and emplaced as a series of pulsed events that also coincide with peaks in UHT metamorphism.The tectonic setting for this thermal event(the Musgrave Orogeny) is thought to have been intracontinental and the lithospheric architecture of the region is suggested to have had a major influence on the thermal evolution.We use a series of two dimensional,fully coupled thermo-mechanical-petrological numerical models to investigate the plausibility of initiating and prolonging UHT conditions under model setup conditions appropriate to the inferred tectonic setting and lithospheric architecture of the Musgrave Province.The results support the inferred tectonic framework for the Musgrave Orogeny,predicting periods of UHT metamorphism of up to 70 Ma,accompanied by thin crust and extensive magmatism derived from both crustal and mantle sources.The results also appear to be critically dependent upon the specific location of the Musgrave Province,constrained between thicker cratonic masses.  相似文献   

Wildfire-Migration Dynamics: Lessons from Colorado's Fourmile Canyon Fire     

Raphael J. Nawrotzki  Hannah Brenkert-Smith  Lori M. Hunter  Patricia A. Champ 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(2):215-225

The number of people living in wildfire-prone wildland–urban interface (WUI) communities is on the rise. However, no prior study has investigated wildfire-induced residential relocation from WUI areas after a major fire event. To provide insight into the association between sociodemographic and sociopsychological characteristics and wildfire-related intention to move, we use data from a survey of WUI residents in Boulder and Larimer counties, Colorado. The data were collected 2 months after the devastating Fourmile Canyon fire destroyed 169 homes and burned more than 6,000 acres of public and private land. Although this study is working with a small migrant sample, logistic regression models demonstrate that survey respondents intending to move in relation to wildfire incidence do not differ sociodemographically from their nonmigrant counterparts. They do, however, show significantly higher levels of risk perception. Investigating destination choices shows a preference for short-distance moves.  相似文献   

The effect of Antarctic sea ice on the Southern Hemisphere atmosphere during the southern summer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. N. Raphael  W. Hobbs  I. Wainer 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(7-8):1403-1417

This study examines the influence of Antarctic sea ice distribution on the large scale circulation of the Southern Hemisphere using a fully coupled GCM where the sea ice submodel is replaced by a climatology of observed extremes in sea ice concentration. Three 150-year simulations were completed for maximum, minimum and average sea ice concentrations and the results for the austral summer (January?CMarch) were compared using the surface temperatures forced by the sea ice distributions as a filter for creating the composite differences. The results indicate that in the austral summer the polar cell expands (contracts) under minimum (maximum) sea ice conditions with corresponding shifts in the midlatitude Ferrell cell. We suggest that this response occurs because sea ice lies in the margin between the polar and midlatitude cells. The polarity of the Southern Hemisphere Annular (SAM) mode is also influenced such that when sea ice is at a minimum (maximum) the polarity of the SAM tends to be negative (positive).  相似文献   

Iodine and bromine contents in the Palaeoproterozoic Hotazel iron formation, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa: A reconnaissance study     

Alexandre Raphael Cabral  Harilaos Tsikos  Yasuyuki Muramatsu  Tomoko Sekiya 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,71(3):297-301

A reconnaissance bulk geochemical study was carried out on ten samples from the Palaeoproterozoic Hotazel iron formation, South Africa, with emphasis on iodine and bromine abundances. Very low-absolute contents recorded for both halogens, i.e. 0.08–0.26 μg/g for I and 0.35–1.23 μg/g for Br, indicate that they should largely have been lost during burial diagenesis. Bulk I/Br ratios (0.08–0.50), however, show marginal variation across the selected sample set and broadly resemble those that typify recent marine sediments containing organic matter. The possibility emerges that both elements are organic matter-sourced and may thus provide a potential proxy for the role of biological processes during deposition and diagenesis of Precambrian iron formations.  相似文献   

Calibration of cosmogenic Cl production rates from Ca and K spallation in lava flows from Mt. Etna (38°N, Italy) and Payun Matru (36°S, Argentina)     

Irene Schimmelpfennig  Lucilla Benedetti  Raphaël Pik  Pete Burnard  Robert Finkel  Katja Ammon 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(10):2611-9

Published cosmogenic ³⁶Cl production rates from Ca and K spallation differ by almost a factor of 2. In this paper we determine production rates of ³⁶Cl from Ca and K in samples of known age containing little Cl. Ca-rich plagioclases and K-feldspars were separated from a total of 13 samples collected on the surfaces of four basaltic lava flows at Mt. Etna (38°N, Italy) and from a trachyte lava flow at Payun Matru volcano (36°S, Argentina). Eruption ages, determined by independent methods, range between 0.4 and 32 ka. Sample site elevations range between 500 and 2500 m. Corresponding scaling factors were calculated using five different published scaling models, four of which consider paleo-geomagnetic field variations integrated over the exposure durations. The resulting five data sets were then analyzed using a Bayesian statistical model that incorporates the major inherent uncertainties in a consistent way. Spallation production rates from Ca and K, considering all major uncertainties, are 42.2 ± 4.8 atoms ³⁶Cl (g Ca)⁻¹ a⁻¹ and 124.9 ± 8.1 atoms ³⁶Cl (g K)⁻¹ a⁻¹ normalized to sea level and high latitude using the scaling method of Stone (2000). Scaling models that account for paleo-geomagnetic intensity changes yield very similar mean values (at most +4%). If the uncertainties in the independent ages are neglected in the Bayesian model, the calculated element specific production rates would be about 12% higher. Our results are in agreement with previous production rate estimations both for Ca and K if only low Cl (i.e. ?20 ppm) samples are considered.  相似文献   

Do probabilistic expert elicitations capture scientists’ uncertainty about climate change?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Antony Millner  Raphael Calel  David A. Stainforth  George MacKerron 《Climatic change》2013,116(2):427-436

Expert elicitation studies have become important barometers of scientific knowledge about future climate change (Morgan and Keith, Environ Sci Technol 29(10), 1995; Reilly et al., Science 293(5529):430–433, 2001; Morgan et al., Climate Change 75(1–2):195–214, 2006; Zickfeld et al., Climatic Change 82(3–4):235–265, 2007, Proc Natl Acad Sci 2010; Kriegler et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci 106(13):5041–5046, 2009). Elicitations incorporate experts’ understanding of known flaws in climate models, thus potentially providing a more comprehensive picture of uncertainty than model-driven methods. The goal of standard elicitation procedures is to determine experts’ subjective probabilities for the values of key climate variables. These methods assume that experts’ knowledge can be captured by subjective probabilities—however, foundational work in decision theory has demonstrated this need not be the case when their information is ambiguous (Ellsberg, Q J Econ 75(4):643–669, 1961). We show that existing elicitation studies may qualitatively understate the extent of experts’ uncertainty about climate change. We designed a choice experiment that allows us to empirically determine whether experts’ knowledge about climate sensitivity (the equilibrium surface warming that results from a doubling of atmospheric CO₂ concentration) can be captured by subjective probabilities. Our results show that, even for this much studied and well understood quantity, a non-negligible proportion of climate scientists violate the choice axioms that must be satisfied for subjective probabilities to adequately describe their beliefs. Moreover, the cause of their violation of the axioms is the ambiguity in their knowledge. We expect these results to hold to a greater extent for less understood climate variables, calling into question the veracity of previous elicitations for these quantities. Our experimental design provides an instrument for detecting ambiguity, a valuable new source of information when linking climate science and climate policy which can help policy makers select decision tools appropriate to our true state of knowledge.  相似文献