Genetic heterogeneity in populations of the Mediterranean shore crab, Carcinus aestuarii (Decapoda,Portunidae), from the Venice Lagoon     

Ilaria Anna Maria Marino  Federica Barbisan  Micol Gennari  Folco Giomi  Mariano Beltramini  Paolo Maria Bisol  Lorenzo Zane 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Heterogeneity in genetic composition among recruits, mostly due to a large variance in reproductive success mediated by oceanographic processes, has been reported for marine species but is less understood in coastal lagoons' organisms. Temporal genetic variation in natural populations of the Mediterranean shore crab Carcinus aestuarii was quantified over a multi-year sample. A total of 486 adult crabs were collected at eight different sites of the Venice Lagoon during the period 2005–2007 and screened for genetic variation using 11 microsatellite loci. Two additional samples (N = 115) from neighbouring sites, located approximately 100 km North and South to the Venice Lagoon, were included for the sake of comparison. Our results show significant differences in allelic frequencies at the micro-geographic scale of the Venice Lagoon, observed between sites of collection, typologies of habitat, and areas with different class of ecological risk or pattern of hemocyanin expression. However, this pattern was not constant between years, with significant differences observed mainly in 2005 and 2006, but not in 2007. Our results indicate significant temporal differences suggesting the existence of dynamic processes that act on the genetic pool of this species. Although natural selection and gene flow might play a role, we suggest that genetic drift linked to large variation in the reproductive success of individuals is the most probable scenario to explain the local genetic patterns of differentiation in the Mediterranean shore crab. Our study, by providing the first evidence for the existence of genetic differences in this species at the micro-geographic scale, suggests that a better comprehension of the link between reproduction, recruitment and oceanography is critical to understand how colonization and maintenance of genetic variation is achieved in ephemeral and vulnerable environments such as coastal lagoons.  相似文献   

Modeling a tsunami from the Nicoya,Costa Rica,seismic gap and its potential impact in Puntarenas     

Silvia E. Chacón-Barrantes  Marino Protti 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2011,31(4):372-382

Although subduction zones around the world are known to be the source of earthquakes and/or tsunamis, not all segments of these plate boundaries generate destructive earthquakes and catastrophic tsunamis. Costa Rica, in Central America, has subduction zones on both the Pacific and the Caribbean coasts and, even though large earthquakes (Mw = 7.4–7.8) occur in these convergent margins, they do not produce destructive tsunamis. The reason for this is that the seismogenic zones of the segments of the subduction zones that produce large earthquakes in Costa Rica are located beneath land (Nicoya peninsula, Osa peninsula and south of Limón) and not off shore as in most subduction zones around the world. To illustrate this particularity of Costa Rican subduction zones, we show in this work the case for the largest rupture area in Costa Rica (under the Nicoya peninsula), capable of producing Mw ～ 7.8 earthquakes, but the tsunamis it triggers are small and present little potential for damage even to the largest port city in Costa Rica.The Nicoya seismic gap, in NW Costa Rica, has passed its ～50-year interseismic period and therefore a large earthquake will have to occur there in the near future. The last large earthquake, in 1950 generated a tsunami which slightly affected the southwest coast of the Nicoya Peninsula. We present here a simulation to study the possible consequences that a tsunami generated by the next Nicoya earthquake could have for the city of Puntarenas. Puntarenas has a population of approximately eleven thousand people and is located on a 7.5 km long sand bar with a maximum height of 2 m above the mean sea level. This condition makes Puntarenas vulnerable to tsunamis.  相似文献   

Inheritance of Jurassic rifted margin architecture into the Apennines Neogene mountain building: a case history from the Lucretili Mts. (Latium, Central Italy)     

Andrea Bollati  Sveva Corrado  Maurizio Marino 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2012,101(4):1011-1031

The western Lucretili Mts. in the central Apennines (Latium, Italy) have been recently re-mapped in great detail and are the subject of combined stratigraphic, sedimentological and structural investigations. In this paper, we present a new stratigraphic interpretation of the Jurassic paleogeography of western Lucretili Mts., where a rift-derived intrabasinal paleo-high of the Alpine Tethys has been identified for the first time by means of facies analysis and biostratigraphic dating. Recognised facies associations, combined with dated stratigraphic sections, allow to define the morphology of the structural paleo-high and to identify the associated gravity-driven deposits (olistoliths) accumulated in the surrounding basin. Furthermore, we investigated the modes of interaction between Jurassic extensional structures and the subsequent contractional patterns developed during the Tertiary mountain building. In detail, the role played during Apennines tectonics by the paleo-escarpments bounding the paleo-high and by the surrounding olistoliths has been analysed. The paleo-escarpments either acted as focussing features for ENE-directed frontal thrust ramp localisation and were offset with small shortening amounts or reactivated as NNE striking high angle transpressional faults or preserved the original geometries as a result of variable orientation of paleo-escarpments with respect to the Neogene compressive stress field (with ENE oriented sigma1). Newly formed ENE striking tear faults connect these either inherited or neo-formed discontinuities. This complex stratigraphic and structural pattern is substantially different from the previous interpretations of this portion of the central Apennines based on a hypothesised layer-cake stratigraphy deformed by neo-formed Neogene thrusts. This contribution strengthens the importance of integrating facies analyses and structural investigations to detect the influence of pre-orogenic structures on compressive structural patterns, in an area where commercial seismic lines are not available and cannot help in reconstructing the subsurface geometries.  相似文献   

The magnetohydrodynamic turbulent cascade in the ecliptic solar wind: Study of Ulysses data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Raffaele Marino  Luca Sorriso-Valvo  Pierluigi Veltri  Roberto Bruno 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(7):592-597

The occurrence of a nonlinear turbulent energy cascade in solar wind plasma has been recently established through the observation of an exact law from spacecraft measurements. The main results obtained in the fast, polar wind measured by Ulysses spacecraft are reviewed here. In particular, the turbulent cascade is seen as the mean to provide the energy necessary for the local heating in the non-adiabatic expansion of the solar wind. The importance of the density fluctuations in enhancing the turbulent energy transport is also evidenced. The ecliptic wind data measured by Ulysses are studied here in the same framework. This has been done by separating fast and slow streams, in order to avoid mixing of different physical conditions. The results further support the need for separate analysis of the two types of wind.  相似文献   

The Spatiotemporal Response of Summertime Tropospheric Ozone to Changes in Local Precursor Emissions in the Lower Fraser Valley,British Columbia     

Bruce Ainslie  Nadya Moisseeva  Roxanne Vingarzan  Corinne Schiller  Douw Steyn  Geoff Doerksen 《大气与海洋》2013,51(5):303-321

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On the Statistical Properties of Turbulent Energy Transfer Rate in the Inner Heliosphere     

Luca Sorriso-Valvo  Francesco Carbone  Silvia Perri  Antonella Greco  Raffaele Marino  Roberto Bruno 《Solar physics》2018,293(1):10

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Magmenentwicklung und Dioritbildung im synorogen konsolidierten Grundgebirge des Bergsträßer Odenwaldes     

Prof. Dr. Erwin Nickel  Dr. Marino Maggetti 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1974,63(2):618-654

The genesis of synorogeneous, variscian magmatites from the Bergsträsser Odenwald is explained. They are alternating with steep, old metamorphic rocks (schists and schisteous gneisses, partly transformed to plagioclase-blastites). The magmatites are differentiated into an early-orogenic hornblende-basiteseries (gabbro → diorite) and a high-orogenic biotite-flasermagmatite-series (diorite → granite). The hornblende-basite-series is “normally intrusive” with differentiated syntectic members; the biotite-flasermagmatite-series is lithogenic and has been formed by plagioclase-blastesis and anatexis. At the transition to the high-orogenic phase the rocks develop a strong gneissose foliation (due to movements during the emplacement). The structures assimilate, and a protoclastic to primary-gneissic texture is formed. We name the crystalline in this periode of formation briefly “Synorogen”. The diorites from the two series, as well as the dioritoids and aorites (products of “dioritisation”) show converging structures within the Synorogen. The mobile (ultrametamorphic) stage during the dioritisation and granitisation is discussed.  相似文献   

Maintenance of the fisheries environment and efforts to increase the resources in the coastal waters of Japan     

Tohru Morikawa  President of Marino Forum 《Marine pollution bulletin》1994,29(6-12):537-549

The paper describes the present status of Japan's coastal fisheries resource and the anthropogenic threats to that resource. The increasing industrialization and urbanization of the Japanese coastal fringe has created threats to the important fish and shellfish resource. Legislative mechanisms, such as quality standards, together with an increasing mariculture are used to ensure the sustainable development of the coast.  相似文献   

Seismic performance and new design procedure for chevron‐braced frames     

Edoardo M. Marino  Masayoshi Nakashima 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(4):433-452

The paper is concerned with the seismic design of steel‐braced frames in which the braces are configured in a chevron pattern. According to EuroCode 8 (EC8), the behaviour factor q, which allows for the trade‐off between the strength and ductility, is set at 2.5 for chevron‐braced frames, while 6.5 is assigned for most ductile steel moment‐resisting frames. Strength deterioration in post‐buckling regime varies with the brace's slenderness, but EC8 adopts a unique q value irrespective of the brace slenderness. The study focuses on reevaluation of the q value adequate for the seismic design of chevron‐braced frames. The present EC8 method for the calculation of brace strength supplies significantly different elastic stiffnesses and actual strengths for different values of brace slenderness. A new method to estimate the strength of a chevron brace pair is proposed, in which the yield strength (for the brace in tension) and the post‐buckling strength (for the brace in compression) are considered. The new method ensures an identical elastic stiffness and a similar strength regardless of the brace slenderness. The advantage of the proposed method over the conventional EC8 method is demonstrated for the capacity of the proposed method to control the maximum inter‐storey drift. The q values adequate for the chevron‐braced frames are examined in reference to the maximum inter‐storey drifts sustained by most ductile moment‐resisting frames. When the proposed method is employed for strength calculation, the q value of 3.5 is found to be reasonable. It is notable that the proposed method does not require larger cross‐sections for the braces compared to the cross‐sections required for the present EC8 method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Static versus modal analysis: influence on inelastic response of multi-storey asymmetric buildings     

A. Ghersi  E. M. Marino  P. P. Rossi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2007,5(4):511-532

The paper investigates the influence of design procedures on the seismic response of multi-storey asymmetric buildings. To this end, some structures are designed according to methods based on either static or modal analysis, with or without design eccentricities. The seismic response of these systems is determined by means of inelastic dynamic analyses and the design is thoroughly examined in order to explain the results of the dynamic analyses. Attention is basically focused on the ability of design methods to prevent asymmetric buildings from experiencing ductility demands much larger than those of the corresponding torsionally balanced systems. Numerical analyses underline that while design procedures based on either static or modal analysis are suitable for the design of torsionally rigid structures only those based on modal analysis lead to the satisfactory performance of torsionally flexible buildings. Furthermore, the study highlights the qualities of a design method proposed by the Authors. Its application does not require any explicit calculation of design eccentricities and leads to proper seismic response of both torsionally rigid and flexible asymmetric buildings.  相似文献