适宜性人力资本与区域经济协调发展   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

生延超  周玉姣 《地理研究》2018,37(4):797-813

适宜性人力资本必须与区域产业结构、区域经济发展模式相匹配,才能最大程度地发挥不同层次人力资本的效能,以有效提升区域经济发展水平。从全国和区域层面出发,基于ESDA方法和空间计量分析方法,运用1998-2014年全国30个省市的面板数据,从初级、中级、高级人力资本、物质资本、劳动力、全要素生产率等要素视角探寻适宜性人力资本促进区域经济发展效能的空间差异,研究表明：① 人力资本与省域生产总值水平均存在显著的空间相关性和路径依赖性。② 在全国层面,初级、中级人力资本对区域经济增长作用不显著,高级人力资本则作用很明显。③ 在区域层面,东部及东北地区区域经济发展主要依赖高级人力资本,中部和西部初级人力资本贡献显著,中级人力资本在四个区域均不显著。这为区域人力资本培育和区域经济高速发展政策制定奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

Data Assimilation Method Based on the Constraints of Confidence Region     

Yong LI  Siming LI  Yao SHENG  Luheng WANG 《大气科学进展》2018,35(3):334-345

The ensemble Kalman filter(En KF) is a distinguished data assimilation method that is widely used and studied in various fields including methodology and oceanography. However, due to the limited sample size or imprecise dynamics model, it is usually easy for the forecast error variance to be underestimated, which further leads to the phenomenon of filter divergence.Additionally, the assimilation results of the initial stage are poor if the initial condition settings differ greatly from the true initial state. To address these problems, the variance inflation procedure is usually adopted. In this paper, we propose a new method based on the constraints of a confidence region constructed by the observations, called En CR, to estimate the inflation parameter of the forecast error variance of the En KF method. In the new method, the state estimate is more robust to both the inaccurate forecast models and initial condition settings. The new method is compared with other adaptive data assimilation methods in the Lorenz-63 and Lorenz-96 models under various model parameter settings. The simulation results show that the new method performs better than the competing methods.  相似文献   

Interannual Influences of the Surface Potential Vorticity Forcing over the Tibetan Plateau on East Asian Summer Rainfall     

Chen SHENG  Bian HE  Guoxiong WU  Yimin LIU  Shaoyu ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(7):1050-1061

The influences of interannual surface potential vorticity forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on East Asian summer rainfall (EASR) and upper-level circulation are explored in this study. The results show that the interannual EASR and associated circulations are closely related to the surface potential vorticity negative uniform leading mode (PVNUM) over the TP. When the PVNUM is in the positive phase, more rainfall occurs in the Yangtze River valley, South Korea, Japan, and part of northern China, less rainfall occurs in southern China, and vice versa. A possible mechanism by which PVNUM affects EASR is proposed. Unstable air induced by the positive phase of PVNUM could stimulate significant upward motion and a lower-level anomalous cyclone over the TP. As a result, a dipole heating mode with anomalous cooling over the southwestern TP and anomalous heating over the southeastern TP is generated. Sensitivity experiment results regarding this dipole heating mode indicate that anomalous cooling over the southwestern TP leads to local and northeastern Asian negative height anomalies, while anomalous heating over the southeastern TP leads to local positive height anomalies. These results greatly resemble the realistic circulation pattern associated with EASR. Further analysis indicates that the anomalous water vapor transport associated with this anomalous circulation pattern is responsible for the anomalous EASR. Consequently, changes in surface potential vorticity forcing over the TP can induce changes in EASR.  相似文献   

基于机载观测资料订正雷达比及其垂直分布特征     

李霞  盛久江  王飞  陈羿辰  田平  赵德龙  张邢  周嵬  刘全 《大气科学》2022,46(3):653-665

雷达比是激光雷达反演气溶胶光学特性的重要参数和影响因素。利用北京地区2016年一次清洁过程（12月10日）和两次污染过程（11月15～18日和12月16～19日）的微脉冲激光雷达、机载浊度计和黑碳仪以及多种地基观测设备,综合研究基于飞机观测订正雷达比的方法及其分布特征。清洁过程地面PM_2.5浓度低于40 μg m?3;污染严重时期的PM_2.5均高于150 μg m?3且能见度低于5 km,污染过程1存在高空传输的特征。研究结果表明相较于采用单一的柱平均雷达比,利用本文方法获得的雷达比垂直廓线反演得到的气溶胶消光系数和光学厚度更接近原位跟踪观测,精度均有提升。基于此方法获得的雷达比在污染发展不同时期垂直分布差异较大,主要分布在19～76 sr之间,清洁时期雷达比较小且垂直分布差异不大。污染过程1雷达比随高度波动增加至边界层顶（19～45 sr）;污染过程2严重期边界层内雷达比随高度由70 sr降低到20 sr;边界层以上均呈现小幅波动变化。边界层内雷达比垂直分布与气溶胶来源特别是高空气溶胶传输有密切联系,混有沙尘的区域传输显著提升了所在高度的雷达比值。边界层以上雷达比受少量大粒子或者强吸收性的气溶胶粒子的影响波动变化。边界层内消光系数增大时雷达比呈增加趋势;当相对湿度高于40%,边界层内雷达比随相对湿度增加而增大。  相似文献   

黑龙江省富锦国家湿地公园鸟类多样性变化研究     

周永青  盛春宝  袁宇翔 《湿地科学与管理》2017,(2):59-62

2015年3—9月,采用样线法和样点法相结合的方法,对黑龙江省富锦国家湿地公园进行鸟类多样性调查。结果表明:公园内鸟类共12目20科28属50种,以雁形目最多。首次在公园内发现东方白鹳和白额雁。鸟类时空分布差异显著,春季鸟类最多,夏季最少;春秋季以鸭科为主,夏季以鸥科为主;明水面、沼泽湿地和人工岛是鸟类主要分布区域。鸟类物种多样性和物种丰富度均表现为:春季夏季秋季,而物种均匀度表现为:夏季春季秋季。富锦国家湿地公园是重要的鸟类栖息地,应加强对公园生态环境的保护和管理。  相似文献   

赣北发现“五层楼”式石英脉型黑钨矿矿床——东坪黑钨矿矿床的发现及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李吉明  李永明  楼法生  胡正华  钟起泓  谢明明  唐峰林  沙珉  杨细浩  刘细元  易永清  胡文洁  朱庆敏  聂龙敏  朱昌杰  文亮先  曾庆权  黄建村  雷天浩  谢瑞丰  龚良信  李倩 《地球学报》2016,37(3):379-384

据江西省武宁县东坪矿床2015年最新勘查成果,初步认为此矿床是典型的"五层楼式"石英脉型黑钨矿床。矿床规模巨大,成矿岩体为早白垩世黑云母二长花岗岩,矿区蚀变以脉状硅化为主,硅化脉垂向上自下发育线脉带→细脉带→薄脉带→大脉带→尖灭带,其中前四个石英脉带均产出于外接触带双桥山群,巨脉带-尖灭带发育于岩体中。金属矿物以黑钨矿、黄铜矿为主,次为磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿、毒砂、辉银矿、辉铋矿、黄铁矿、少量辉铜矿、白钨矿、蓝铜矿、褐铁矿等。综合研究表明,推断深部岩体与围岩的内接触带存在似层状蚀变花岗岩型钨铜矿体,同时矿区外围该类矿床的找矿潜力大。该矿床的发现结束了赣北至今没有发现典型"五层楼"式石英脉型黑钨矿床的历史,也是构成了"南钨北扩"的重要矿床,对赣北地区找矿突破具有极其重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

应用地统计学和径向基函数的DEM插值     

李佳  盛业华  段平  吕海洋  张思阳 《测绘科学》2016,41(1):166-169

为了解决紧支撑径向基函数(CSRBF)内插生成DEM中合理设置紧支撑半径的问题,文章提出了基于地统计学和CSRBF的DEM插值方法,采用地统计学中变程的倍数来度量空间相关性的强弱,取变程的倍数设为CSRBF紧支撑半径,使得CSRBF插值矩阵呈稀疏带状分布,保证插值矩阵稳定求解,最终生成较高精度的DEM。最后以实测高程数据为例,使用交叉验证对插值方法进行实验,根据最大误差、最小误差、平均误差和均方根误差等指标进行精度分析,结果表明该插值方法精度高,插值结果可靠,可作为一种有效的DEM插值方法。  相似文献   

黄土坡面片蚀过程稳定含沙量及其影响因素     

盛贺伟  孙莉英  蔡强国 《地理科学进展》2016,35(8):1008-1016

黄土高原地区坡面土壤侵蚀具有明显的垂直分带性,溅蚀片蚀带是坡面侵蚀的最上方地带,研究片蚀过程含沙量变化有助于阐明坡面侵蚀规律。本文采用人工模拟降雨试验方法研究了黄土坡面片蚀稳定含沙量及其影响因素;试验处理包括2种质地的黄土(塿土和黑垆土),2个雨强(90和120 mm/h)和4个坡度(10°、15°、20°和25°)。结果表明：在不同质地黄土、降雨强度和坡度条件下,水流含沙量均呈现先减小后平稳的规律;稳定含沙量与土壤颗粒体积分形维数、降雨强度和坡度呈幂函数关系,稳定含沙量随土壤颗粒体积分形维数的增大而减小,随降雨强度和坡度的增大而增大,影响程度依次为土壤颗粒体积分形维数、降雨强度和坡度;所分析的水动力学指标中单位水流功率与稳定含沙量关系最密切,降雨强度对稳定含沙量的影响大于单位水流功率。  相似文献   

多源卫星高度计海浪资料在中国近海的验证及应用     

孔亚文  张秀芝  盛立芳  陈报章 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(11):86-96

Studies of offshore wave climate based on satellite altimeter significant wave height(SWH) have widespread application value. This study used a calibrated multi-altimeter SWH dataset to investigate the wave climate characteristics in the offshore areas of China. First, the SWH measurements from 28 buoys located in China's coastal seas were compared with an Ifremer calibrated altimeter SWH dataset. Although the altimeter dataset tended to slightly overestimate SWH, it was in good agreement with the in situ data in general. The correlation coefficient was 0.97 and the root-mean-square(RMS) of differences was 0.30 m. The validation results showed a slight difference in different areas. The correlation coefficient was the maximum(0.97) and the RMS difference was the minimum(0.28 m) in the area from the East China Sea to the north of the South China Sea.The correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95 was relatively low in the seas off the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary. The RMS difference was the maximum(0.32 m) in the seas off the Changjiang Estuary and was0.30 m in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Based on the above evidence, it is confirmed that the multialtimeter wave data are reliable in China's offshore areas. Then, the characteristics of the wave field, including the frequency of huge waves and the multi-year return SWH in China's offshore seas were analyzed using the23-year altimeter wave dataset. The 23-year mean SWH generally ranged from 0.6–2.2 m. The greatest SWH appeared in the southeast of the China East Sea, the Taiwan Strait and the northeast of the South China Sea.Obvious seasonal variation of SWH was found in most areas; SWH was greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. Extreme waves greater than 4 m in height mainly occurred in the following areas: the southeast of the East China Sea, the south of the Ryukyu Islands, the east of Taiwan-Luzon Island, and the Dongsha Islands extending to the Zhongsha Islands, and the frequency of extreme waves was 3%–6%. Extreme waves occurred most frequently in autumn and rarely in spring. The 100-year return wave height was greatest from the northwest Pacific seas extending to southeast of the Ryukyu Islands(9–12 m), and the northeast of the South China Sea and the East China Sea had the second largest wave heights(7–11 m). For inshore areas, the100-year return wave height was the greatest in the waters off the east coast of Guangdong Province and the south coast of Zhejiang Province(7–8 m), whereas it was at a minimum in the area from the Changjiang Estuary to the Bohai Sea(4–6 m). An investigation of sampling effects indicates that when using the 1°×1°grid dataset, although the combination of nine altimeters obviously enhanced the time and space coverage of sampling, the accuracy of statistical results, particularly extreme values obtained from the dataset, still suffered from undersampling problems because the time sampling percent in each 1°×1°grid cell was always less than33%.  相似文献   

AUV搭载多波束声纳进行地形测量的现状及展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李岳明  李晔  盛明伟  孙玉山  张国成 《海洋测绘》2016,(4):7-11

多波束声纳是一种常用的水底地形测量设备,AUV搭载多波束声纳对深海地形进行测量得到了普遍应用。首先介绍了目前国内外AUV搭载多波束声纳在地形测量中的应用情况,然后总结了这种方式的高效率、高质量、高经济性等优点,并分析了导航定位精度、载体运动、系统兼容性等方面对于提高测量精度存在的技术难点,最后介绍了该技术的应用经验,并对该技术的未来应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献