Ostreopsis cf. ovata (Dinophyta) bloom in an equatorial island of the Atlantic Ocean     

Nascimento SM  França JV  Gonçalves JE  Ferreira CE 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(5):1074-1078

The epi-benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata Fukuyo has an increasingly global distribution. In Brazil there are reports of O. cf. ovata along the coast from 8°S to 27°S latitude and blooms have been registered on the Rio de Janeiro coastline. In the current study, an O. cf. ovata bloom is reported at Saint Paul's Rocks (0°55'10″N; 29°20'33″W), between the southern and northern hemispheres. The Archipelago is not inhabited and not subjected to eutrophication, due to isolation, and sustains a number of endemic species. Therefore, blooms of O. cf. ovata may potentially cause demise to trophic chains by affecting marine invertebrates and vertebrates.  相似文献   

汶川8.0级地震强震动特征初步分析   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16  

于海英  王栋  杨永强  卢大伟  解全才  张明宇  周宝峰  江纹乡  程翔  杨剑 《震灾防御技术》2008,3(4):321-336

本文对国家强震动台网中心收集的2008年5月12日14时28分04秒汶川8．0级地震中获取的420组三分量加速度记录进行了处理和初步分析。在这次地震中布设在龙门山断裂带及其周围地区的50多个台站获得了大于100gal的加速度记录,有46组三分量加速度记录的断层距小于100km,使中国大陆近断层区域所获得的强震动加速度记录的数量成倍增加。本文依据这批数据,对汶川大地震强震动特性进行了初步分析,给出了此次地震断层附近地区的PGA衰减规律,并利用此规律模拟了断层附近的加速度峰值,绘制了PGA分布图、竖向PGA与水平向PGA比值图;给出了汶川地震断层附近的加速度反应谱、上盘效应、竖向效应、速度大脉冲效应等地震动特征,这些特征可作为抗震设计规范修订的依据并供灾区重建时参考。  相似文献   

近场数字强震仪记录误差分析与零线校正方法   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

于海英  江汶乡  解全才  杨永强  程翔  杨剑 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(6)

本文对数字强震仪记录进行了误差分析,并对国家强震动台网入网的5种型号数字强震仪系统作了振动台对比试验,分析了该系统加速度记录积分后速度和位移时程零线漂移的原因.本文提出了加速度记录的零线漂移校正方法和校正准则.为了印证零线校正方法的可靠性,对振动台试验中强震仪记录到的加速度两次积分得出位移时程与试验时记录到的绝对位移进行比较,计算位移和振动台绝对位移完全一致;对2008年5.12汶川8.0级大地震和1999年台湾9.21集集7.6级地震现场加速度记录两次积分后得出永久位移与两次大地震的GPS同震位移进行比较.结果表明,该方法对大地震近场仪器墩会发生倾斜或产生永久位移时加速度记录的零线校正有明显效果,可以给出加速度积分后的速度和位移并符合校正准则.本文方法解决了对大地震近场地面运动的研究停留在对峰值加速度和反应谱的研究阶段的困惑,满足了结构抗震对地面永久位移的需求.  相似文献   

The EU directive on port reception facilities for ship-generated waste and cargo residues: current availability of facilities in the North Sea     

Carpenter A  Macgill SM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(1):21-32

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current availability of port reception facilities within the North Sea area. The evaluation is based primarily on original survey data from the summer of 2001, supplemented by existing information from surveys conducted by the International Maritime Organization. The EU Directive on port reception facilities for ship-generated waste etc. (Directive 2000/59/EC) requires that all ports provide facilities to meet the needs of those vessels normally calling in at them. In order for the Directive to be implemented effectively, the physical availability of such facilities is vital. This paper audits the wide range of port types within the region and also outlines the wide range of vessel types using these ports, and their requirements for a range of facilities. On the basis of this analysis, conclusions are drawn about the extent to which the provision requirement of the Directive is already being met.  相似文献   

Re-colonisation and recovery of populations of dogwhelks Nucella lapillus (L.) on shores formerly subject to severe TBT contamination     

Birchenough AC  Evans SM  Moss C  Welch R 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(7):652-659

Dogwhelks Nucella lapillus became locally extinct on some shores adjacent to areas of high shipping/boating activity during the period of high tributyltin (TBT) contamination in the 1980s and early 1990s. However, the species has now re-colonised sites at which extinction occurred on the Isle of Cumbrae, the northeast coast of England, the Shetland Isles and southwest England. There have also been substantial declines in the severity of imposex on adjacent shores where the species has persisted during this period. Re-colonisation and recovery can be attributed to two measures: regulations prohibiting the use of TBT-based paints on vessels < 25 m in length and the development of slow-releasing, self-polishing copolymer paints. Nevertheless, the International Maritime Organisation has now imposed a total ban on the use of TBT-based paints as antifoulants. This is almost certain to result in the use of paints containing alternative biocides and there is widespread concern that there is relatively little information on which to assess their likely environmental impacts. They could cause substantial environmental damage.  相似文献   

Consequences of linseed oil spills in salt marsh sediments     

Pereira MG  Mudge SM  Latchford J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(6):520-533

In a simulated spill in a salt marsh, linseed oil penetrated rapidly into the sediments at a rate of 10(-7) cm2 s(-1). The oil concentration remained unchanged for the first month after the spill, but 60% of the oil disappeared from the top 30 cm after a further month. The oil adsorbed to and accumulated in the muddy sediments (top 15 cm) leading to decreased sediment permeability, pH, Eh, abundance of plant roots and infauna and to the establishment of anoxic conditions. These changes accompanied transformations in the original fatty acid composition of the linseed oil, mainly associated with a decrease in 18 : 3omega3, an increase in the other fatty acids and the presence of 'new' fatty acids. A rapid increase in the abundance of heterotrophic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and aerobic oil degrading bacteria, suggested that these micro-organisms degraded the oil. The role of the bacteria in oil degradation was confirmed in laboratory experiments where the fatty acids composition of the linseed oil underwent identical transformations to those obtained in the field. The degradation of linseed oil appears to be a sequential process initiated by aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria and continued by sulphate reducing bacteria, which were unable to degrade the raw oil.  相似文献   

Long-term changes in ground water chemistry at a phytoremediation demonstration site   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eberts SM  Jones SA  Braun CL  Harvey GJ 《Ground water》2005,43(2):178-186

A field-scale demonstration project was conducted to evaluate the capability of eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides) to attenuate trichloroethene (TCE) contamination of ground water. By the middle of the sixth growing season, trees planted where depth to water was <3 m delivered enough dissolved organic carbon to the underlying aquifer to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations, to create iron-reducing conditions along the plume centerline and sulfate-reducing or methanogenic conditions in localized areas, and to initiate in situ reductive dechlorination of TCE. Apparent biodegradation rate constants for TCE along the centerline of the plume beneath the phytoremediation system increased from 0.0002/d to 0.02/d during the first six growing seasons. The corresponding increase in natural attenuation capacity of the aquifer along the plume centerline, from 0.0004/m to 0.024/m, is associated with a potential decrease in plume-stabilization distance from 9680 to 160 m. Demonstration results provide insight into the amount of vegetation and time that may be needed to achieve cleanup objectives at the field scale.  相似文献   

Direct-push hydrostratigraphic profiling: coupling electrical logging and slug tests   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Sellwood SM  Healey JM  Birk S  Butler JJ 《Ground water》2005,43(1):19-29

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Decay model for biocide treatment of unballasted vessels: application for the Laurentian Great Lakes     

Sano LL  Bartell SM  Landrum PF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(10):1050-1060

A biocide decay model was developed to assess the potential efficacy and environmental impacts associated with using glutaraldehyde to treat unballasted overseas vessels trading on the Laurentian Great Lakes. The results of Monte Carlo simulations indicate that effective glutaraldehyde concentrations can be maintained for the duration of a vessel's oceanic transit (approximately 9-12 days): During this transit, glutaraldehyde concentrations were predicted to decrease by approximately 10% from initial treatment levels (e.g., 500 mgL(-1)). In terms of environmental impacts, mean glutaraldehyde concentrations released at Duluth-Superior Harbor, MN were predicted to be 100-fold lower than initial treatment concentrations, and ranged from 3.2 mgL(-1) (2 SD: 2.74) in April to 0.7 mgL(-1) (2 SD: 1.28) in August. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the re-ballasting dilution factor was the major variable governing final glutaraldehyde concentrations; however, lake surface temperatures became increasingly important during the warmer summer months.  相似文献   

The Absolute Abundance of Iron in the Solar Corona     

White SM  Thomas RJ  Brosius JW  Kundu MR 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,534(2):L203-L206

We present a measurement of the abundance of Fe relative to H in the solar corona using a technique that differs from previous spectroscopic and solar wind measurements. Our method combines EUV line data from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory with thermal bremsstrahlung radio data from the VLA. The coronal Fe abundance is derived by equating the thermal bremsstrahlung radio emission calculated from the EUV Fe line data to that observed with the VLA, treating the Fe/H abundance as the sole unknown. We apply this technique to a compact cool active region and find Fe&solm0;H=1.56x10-4, or about 4 times its value in the solar photosphere. Uncertainties in the CDS radiometric calibration, the VLA intensity measurements, the atomic parameters, and the assumptions made in the spectral analysis yield net uncertainties of approximately 20%. This result implies that low first ionization potential elements such as Fe are enhanced in the solar corona relative to photospheric values.  相似文献