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Pablo Recabarren Pablo Recabarren Mirta Mosconi Hernán Muriel Hernán Muriel Diego García Lambas Diego García Lambas Marc Sarazin Riccardo Giovanelli 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,290(3-4):409-413
We present the preliminary results of the astronomical site testing, which the group IATE of the OAC is developing in northwest of Argentine in collaboration with ESO and the Department of Astronomy of Cornell University. We show the results, which we have obtained from the analysis of GOES 8 satellite images in the 10.7 μm band, which allowed us to configurate a map of clear sky regions in an area between 23° and 28° S, and 66° 30′ and 69° W. We also comment logistical and tectonic aspects, and discuss next steps to follow in the research. 相似文献
13.
Daniel Bernard Jamal El Khattabi Emilie Lefevre Hani Serhal Sabine Bastin-Lacherez Isam Shahrour 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(5):1129-1138
In the north of France, high registers of nickel are sometimes recorded within the chalk aquifer. In a confined context, the
presence of pyrite in the covering clays or in the marcasite nodules encrusted in the clay may constitute a natural source
of trace metals. With an objective of sanitary control, the limits of chemical contents regulating the quality of water destined
for human consumption have been lowered by the European Framework Directive in the field of water policy (2000/60/EC). As
a result, nickel limits have been reduced from 50 to 20 μg/l. The analyses, carried out on three water catchment fields in
our area of study, were centred on variable parameters (Eh, O2(d), pH, Conductivity, T°), major elements (SO4, NO3) and metals (Fe, Ni, Mn, Co). The acquired data enabled us to identify from one hand, the conditions which are presented
within the site, special thanks to the evolution of nitrate and iron contents and on the other hand, the natural origin (geological)
of nickel for two of the three sites studied based essentially on the evaluation of the Nickel/Cobalt ratio. Thus, on the
first site, the evolution of nickel content and nitrate content showed the influence of the phenomenon of denitrification
on the re-mobilisation of the nickel. Whereas on the second site, a high variation of total iron content and oxygen dissolved
in solution highlighted a particular phenomenon of oxidation of the pyrite through molecular oxygen. Finally, the correlation
with the sulphates clearly showed behaviour of the nickel, once released, that was entirely dependent on the phenomenon of
adsorption on the iron and manganese hydroxides. 相似文献
14.
Anthony C. Withers Marc M. Hirschmann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,156(5):595-605
Olivine crystals were grown in the presence of a hydrous silicate fluid during multi-anvil experiments at 8 GPa and 1,000–1,600°C.
Experiments were conducted both in a simple system (FeO–MgO–SiO2–H2O) and in a more complex system containing additional elements (CaO–Na2O–Al2O3–Cr2O3–TiO2–FeO–MgO–SiO2–H2O). Silica activity was buffered by the presence of either pyroxene (high a
SiO2) or ferropericlase (low a
SiO2), and was buffered by the presence of Ni + NiO or Fe + FeO, or constrained by the presence of Fe2O3. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify pyroxene polymorphs in the run products. Clinoenstatite was present in the 1,000°C
experiment, and enstatite in experiments at 1,400–1,520°C. The H2O content of olivine was measured using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate
the nature of hydrous defects. The H2O storage capacity of olivine decreases with increasing temperature at 8 GPa. In contrast to previous experimental results
at ≤2 GPa, no significant effect of varying oxygen fugacity is evident, but H2O storage capacity is enhanced under conditions of low silica activity. No significant growth of low wavenumber (<3,400 cm−1) peaks, generally associated with high at low pressure, was observed in the FTIR spectra of olivine from the high experiments. Our experiments show that previous high pressure H2O storage capacity measurements for olivine synthesized under more oxidizing conditions than the Earth’s mantle are not likely
to be compromised by the of the experiments. However, the considerable effect of temperature on H2O storage capacity in olivine must be taken into account to avoid overestimation of the bulk upper mantle H2O storage capacity. 相似文献
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16.
Variation in glycogen concentration, condition index (CI) and filtration activity were measured in the bivalve Macoma balthica buried in sediment and experimentally exposed to cadmium (Cd). The stress due to elevated but sub-lethal concentrations (300 ppb Cd) affected the overall fitness of the organism as all parameters monitored responded significantly. Lower concentrations tested (10, 30 and 100 ppb) only induced a significant decrease in filtration activity, which may play a protective role, enabling the organism to slow down its metabolic activity and preserving the integrity of its reserves (reflected by stable CI and glycogen levels). Hence, the various endpoints selected show different thresholds. Our results also demonstrate that under high exposure, small individuals loose proportionally more glycogen per unit of weight than larger ones, thus confirming the higher sensitivity of small individuals to metal contamination. Furthermore, exposure to intermediate concentration (30 ppb) seems to be beneficial to the small individuals as indicated by their high CI values compared to the control. These results showed thus that non-sigmoidal concentration-response relationship and sizes of individuals should be considered in monitoring programmes and risk assessment. 相似文献
17.
Erika Sternberg Catherine Jeandel Juan-Carlos Miquel Beat Gasser Marc Souhaut Roseanna Arraes-Mescoff Roger Francois 《Marine Chemistry》2007,105(3-4):281-295
Biogenic barium, mostly in the barite (BaSO4) form, has been proposed as a tracer for export production in the ocean. Here we report on biogenic barium (Baxs) and particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes from sediment traps deployed at the DYFAMED site in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Baxs fluxes display average values of 37 ± 45 and 50 ± 58 μg/m2/d at 200 and 1000 m respectively, and are linearly correlated to POC fluxes (mean values of 7.9 ± 9.3 and 6.8 ± 6.8 mg C/m2/d at 200 and 1000 m). Export production estimates, calculated using published Baxs- or POC-based algorithms, all fall below or close to the lower limit of potential export values proposed in the literature. This work clearly demonstrates the usefulness of Baxs as a tracer of oceanic export production in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. However, development of a quantitative export production proxy requires a clear understanding of the underlying cause(s) for the observed spatial variations in the relationship between Baxs and POC fluxes. The present study confirms that the processes leading to barite formation differ between margin and open-ocean sites and probably account for much of the regional variability in the POC/Baxs ratio. 相似文献
18.
Marc L. Miller 《Ocean & Coastal Management》1993,20(3)
Marine tourism has surfaced as a pressing topic in the field of ocean and coastal management. Neither necessarily good, nor bad, this tourism is inherently controversial. Today, demand for travel exhibits greater variation and magnitude than ever in history. In response, the tourism industry has become the largest business on earth. This, coupled with the respect people profess for marine environments and local peoples, creates feelings of ambivalence for the tourist. Sociologically, the activity of tourism may be studied as a symbolic interaction fostering social solidarity. Ecotourism, a recent phenomenon attuned to the ideal of sustainable development, is suggested to emerge through the social construction processes of restoration and enhancement. The papers in this theme volume add fuel to the proposition that the resolution of tourism problems in the coastal zone will require the scientific study of environmental and social conditions, policy analyses, planning, and public education. 相似文献
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20.
Spatial variation of the intertidal sediments and macrozoo-benthic assemblages along Eighty-mile Beach, North-western Australia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pieter J.C. Honkoop Grant B. Pearson Marc S.S. Lavaleye Theunis Piersma 《Journal of Sea Research》2006,55(4):278-291
The extensive intertidal flats along Eighty-mile Beach in North-western Australia appear to be monotonous and homogeneous and seem ideally suited to study tidal zonation in macrozoo-benthic communities and their possible correlates with characteristics of the sediment. In October 1999, we sampled benthic invertebrates and sediments at a total of 895 sampling stations distributed over six different locations, each location separated by 15 km of unsampled foreshore along Eighty-mile Beach. To test for the presence or absence of patterns of tidal zonation (distinct height-related zones of specific sediment grain sizes or zoobenthic taxonomic groups) or patchiness (distinct patches of specific sediment grain sizes or zoobenthic taxonomic groups not related to tidal height) each location was divided into three along-shore sections and each section (transect) was examined at two or three tidal heights. Zonation was observed for sediment grain sizes. Sediments were coarser at the highest intertidal level and finer towards the low water line. Benthic assemblages also differed among tidal heights, but in terms of species-composition the differences were not consistent among the locations. Each location supported a unique collection of benthic invertebrates. Therefore the hypothesis of the presence of distinct zones of specific species or zoobenthic taxonomic groups was rejected; the presence of benthic patches was confirmed. The distribution of sediments and the composition of benthic assemblages were surprisingly poorly correlated compared to those reported in 12 previous quantitative studies around the world. One possible explanation might be that super-cyclone Vance, which hit the study-area only six months before this study, contributed to this poor correlation. Alternatively, the poor correlation may indicate that biotic interactions are more important than the assumed abiotic structuring. 相似文献