Stratospheric ozone measurements by solar ultraviolet absorption     

Serge Roeland  Carlos Lippens  Paul C. Simon 《Planetary and Space Science》1983,31(7):767-772

Vertical distributions of ozone in the stratosphere have been determined by means of u.v. differential absorption technique, using the Sun as a source. The filter radiometer and the data processing are described. Results obtained between altitudes of 22 and 32 km during the Intercomparison Ozone Campaign held in France in June 1981 are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

A new systematic approach using the Modified Gaussian Model: Insight for the characterization of chemical composition of olivines, pyroxenes and olivine-pyroxene mixtures     

Harold Clénet  Patrick Pinet  Yves Daydou  Frédérick Heuripeau  Christine Rosemberg  David Baratoux  Serge Chevrel 《Icarus》2011,213(1):404-422

An automatic procedure has been implemented on the original MGM approach (Sunshine et al., 1990) in order to deal with an a priori unknown mafic mineralogy observed in the visible-near infrared by reflectance spectroscopy in the case of laboratory or natural rock spectra. We consider all the mixture possibilities involving orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and olivine, and use accordingly for each configuration different numbers of Gaussians, depending on the potential complexity of the mixture. A key issue is to initialize the MGM procedure with a proper setting for the Gaussians parameters. An automatic analysis of the shape of the spectrum is first performed. The continuum is handled with a second order polynomial adjusted on the local maxima along the spectrum and Gaussians parameters initial settings are made on the basis of laboratory results available in the literature in the case of simple mixtures of mafic minerals. The returned MGM solutions are then assessed on spectroscopic grounds and either validated or discarded, on the basis of a mineralogical sorting.The results presented in this paper are a first quantitative step to characterize both modal and chemical compositions of pyroxenes and olivines. A demonstration of the methodology on specific examples of binary and ternary olivine-pyroxenes mixtures has been made, which shows that the different non-linear effects which affect the Gaussian parameters (center and strength) can be successfully handled. Of note is the fact that the band center positions associated with the different mafic minerals are not set here in the inverse problem, and thus the MGM outputs are truly informative of the chemical composition of pyroxenes and olivines. With the consideration of some limits on the detection thresholds, these results are quite promising for increasing the operational use of the Modified Gaussian Model with large hyperspectral data sets in view of establishing detailed mineralogical mappings of magmatic units.  相似文献   

Seismotectonic state of reservoirs inferred from magnitude distributions of fluid-induced seismicity   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Carsten Dinske  Serge A. Shapiro 《Journal of Seismology》2013,17(1):13-25

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A~200 ka pollen record from Okinawa Trough:Paleoenvironment reconstruction of glacial-interglacial cycles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHENG Zhuo  HUANG KangYou  DENG Yun  CAO LingLong  YU ShaoHua  Jean-Pierre SUC  Serge BERNE  Franois GUICHARD 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2013,56(10):1731-1747

Pollen analysis was carried out on the Core MD982194 of 29.78 m retrieved from the Middle Okinawa Trough which was dated as old as~200 ka BP.The results revealed that pollen assemblages mainly presented an alternation of coniferous and herb pollen.The coniferous saccate pollen,principally Pinus and Tsuga,predominated in most parts of the core,especially highlighted in the interstadial stages including MIS 1,3,5 and MIS7,whereas the herb pollen significantly increased in the glacial periods.Thus the pollen flora and their percentages showed the sensitive changes under the influence of ice volume during the glacial and interglacial periods.Our record from this core has first documented that the percentage of Cyperaceae was extremely high in the glacial stages with a notable increase in Artemisia,Gramineae,Asteraceae,Chenopodiaceae,and freshwater algae,which can be used as a proxy for sea-level change at the study site because of their close negative correlation of the orbital-scale changes in sea level.The distance between the continental coastline and the Okinawa Trough has deeply shortened due to the sea-level drop in the LGM.As a result,the sediment materials from Yangtze River were extensively deposited on the flat,exposed continental shelf owing to the rapid decline of river flow speed,leading to that pollen grains from Okinawa Trough are derived mainly from the flat coastal vegetation of exposed continental shelf at glacial stages.Changes of pollen assemblage were consistent with the variation of temperature and humidity,which showed that the percentage of arboreal pollen was highly augmented at MIS 7,5 and MIS 1,corresponding to the strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon and increasing of rainfall.Moreover,the peak of Pinus percentage in MIS 5.3,5.1 and MIS 3.3 may be closely linked by orbital and sub-orbital cycles of solar radiation and monsoonal variability.The present study of core MD981294 implied lower temperature and precipitation during the lowest sea-level stage(LGM),and more visibly testified that the vegetation of the flat plain on the exposed continental shelf was dominated by intrazonal communities such as halophyte grasslands and freshwater wetlands instead of zonal steppe or semi-arid desert.All above evidence demonstrated that the fundamental changes of pollen assemblage and their origins in Okinawa Trough since~200 ka BP were affected by combine factors including the coastline position and climate fluctuation.Moreover,the substantial shortening of distance between shoreline and the Okinawa Trough driven by orbital insolation cycles was clearly indicated by the pollen spectra,whereas the source-area climate signal of the pollen record was largely weakened.  相似文献   

A general reduction scheme for reactive transport in porous media     

Joachim Hoffmann  Serge Kr?utle  Peter Knabner 《Computational Geosciences》2012,16(4):1081-1099

We present a method to transform the governing equations of multispecies reactive transport in porous media. The reformulation leads to a smaller problem size by decoupling of equations and by elimination of unknowns, which increases the efficiency of numerical simulations. The reformulation presented here is a generalization of earlier works. In fact, a whole class of transformations is now presented. This class is parametrized by the choice of certain transformation matrices. For specific choices, some known formulations of reactive transport can be retrieved. Hence, the software based on the presented transformation can be used to obtain efficiency comparisons of different solution approaches. For our efficiency tests, we use the MoMaS benchmark problem on reactive transport.  相似文献   

Interactions climat-eustatisme-tectonique. Les enseignements et perspectives du Crétacé supérieur (Cénomanien-Coniacien)     

Fabrice Malartre  Serge Ferry  Jean-Loup Rubino 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(6):253-270

Résumé

Une analyse de séries sédimentaires d’âge Crétacé supérieur dans le Sud-Est de la France a été entreprise et intégrée dans un cadre de stratigraphie séquentielle. Les limites Cénomanien–Turonien et la limite Turonien–Coniacien sont marquées par des variations rapides et de fortes amplitudes du niveau marin relatif. La comparaison effectuée avec d’autres bassins mondiaux nous amène à envisager le problème dans un cadre global. On constate : (1) le synchronisme d’événements à haute fréquence dans des contextes géodynamiques différents. (2) les effets de la superposition de cycles eustatiques hiérarchiquement différents, c’est-à-dire la superposition d’oscillations à haute fréquence sur une composante de 3^e ordre. Ces observations sont confrontées à deux hypothèses : le glacio-eustatisme et la tectonique à haute fréquence. © Elsevier, Paris.  相似文献   

La couverture océanique des ultrabasites de Lanzo (Alpes occidentales) : arguments lithostratigraphiques et pétrologiques     

Yves Lagabrielle  Serge Fudral  Jean-Robert Kienast 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1):43-55

Résumé

De nombreuses analogies entre les évolutions pétro-logiques et métamorphiques des ultrabasites de Lanzo et des ophiohtes liguro-piémontaises ont été soulignées récemment. Ces analogies concernent: la nature des ultrabasites (Iherzolites à plagioclase peu appauvries), la présence de gabbros et de filons basaltiques superficiels intrusifs dans les péridotites, l’existence de reliques de paragenèses métamorphiques de haute température attribuables à un épisode océanique, l’empreinte du métamorphisme alpin de haute pression. Ces faits ont conduit certains auteurs à proposer que les péridotites de Lanzo représentent un fragment du plancher océanique téthysien.

Nous avons tenté de vérifier cette hypothèse en recherchant la couverture océanique (volcanique et/ou sédimentaire) des péridotites de Lanzo, dans la partie occidentale du massif où des pincées de métabasites et de schistes lustrés s.l. sont visibles associées aux serpentinites.

Aux environs du village de Richiaglio, à l’Est de la cicatrice de Viù, les successions lithostratigraphiques reconstituées comprennent schémati-quement : les ultrabasites serpentinisées du corps de Lanzo, des métabasites, des quartzites manganésifères (comparables à celles du Mont Viso par exemple), et des calcschistes. Ces successions s’apparentent à celles décrites dans les couvertures d’autres ophiolites piémontaises, ce qui conduit à proposer que ces ensembles métavolcaniques et Dimetaires dimentaires représentent des résidus de la couverture océanique originelle des péridotites. L’analyse des paragenèses éclogitiques des métasédiments et des métabasites permet de montrer que l’évolution P,T alpine de ces lambeaux est compatible avec celle du corps de Lanzo. Cette interprétation et ses implications sont discutées.  相似文献   

Cross-correlation earthquake precursors in the hydrogeochemical and geoacoustic signals for the Kamchatka peninsula     

Gennadiy V. Ryabinin  Valeriy A. Gavrilov  Yuriy S. Polyakov  Serge F. Timashev 《Acta Geophysica》2012,60(3):874-893

We propose a new type of earthquake precursor based on the analysis of correlation dynamics between geophysical signals of different nature. The precursor is found using a two-parameter cross-correlation function introduced within the framework of flicker-noise spectroscopy, a general statistical physics approach to the analysis of time series. We consider an example of cross-correlation analysis for water salinity time series, an integral characteristic of the chemical composition of groundwater, and geoacoustic emissions recorded at the G-1 borehole on the Kamchatka peninsula in the time frame from 2001 to 2003, which is characterized by a sequence of three groups of significant seismic events. We found that cross-correlation precursors took place 27, 31, and 35 days ahead of the strongest earthquakes for each group of seismic events, respectively. At the same time, precursory anomalies in the signals themselves were observed only in the geoacoustic emissions for one group of earthquakes.  相似文献   

冲绳海槽DGKS9604孔酸不溶相中常量元素组成及环境指示意义     

束振华  杨守业  窦衍光  刘振夏  余华  Serge Berne 《热带地理》2009,29(3)

运用1N HCl对冲绳海槽中部西陆坡DGKS9604孔沉积物样品进行预处理得到酸不溶相组分,利用ICP-AES分析常量元素的含量.结果显示主要氧化物与Al<,2>O<,3>的比值以及氧化物通量在垂向上呈规律性变化,反映了近30ka以来的元素地层以及沉积古环境对沉积地球化学组成的影响.30～22 ka、17.8～11.8 ka、7～3.5 ka和2ka B.P.以来氧化物通量高于末次冰盛期和全新世早期.主要氧化物组成记录了7.4 Cal ka和25.8 Cal ka B.P.两次火山事件;因子分析揭示钻孔中主要氧化物含量在垂向上的变化主要受沉积物源、热液活动、沉积动力环境及火山活动等多因素影响.  相似文献   

Remote sensing and fish-habitat relationships in coral reef ecosystems: Review and pathways for multi-scale hierarchical research   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Camille Mellin  Serge Andréfouët  Mayeul Dalleau 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(1):11-19

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