Assessment of hydro power potential of Swat,Kohistan Himalayas: A solution for energy shortfall in region     

Mohammad Amjad Sabir  S. Shafiqur Rehman  Muhammad Umar  Amir Waseem  Muhammad Farooq  Fariduulah  Muhammad Irshad 《Water Resources》2014,41(5):612-618

Pakistan is facing acute power dearth these days due to which people are suffering from privation and their economic condition is deflating. Expensive imported fossil fuel for thermal power generation is pressing them hard and exacerbating the situation. The total power produced in the country by all means is less by 4000 MW than the requirement of Pakistan. So this is the prime time to think about exploring aboriginal and renewable power resources. This article converses about hydro power resources of Swat, North Pakistan, one of the most promising areas in hydro power production. The area drained by the Swat River and its tributary net work is a part of Kohistan Himalayas and has a potential of more than 1000 MW that can contribute 25% to the total energy shortfall in the country and the same is 150% more than the shortfall experienced in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa that hosts Swat Valley. Due to great relief difference acquired within a small stretch, the perennial Swat River and its tributaries become pertinent for power production as high head projects and also gain importance in irrigation as well.  相似文献   

Flowing well potential zoning at Iraqi southern and western deserts using frequency ratio and geographic information system     

A. M. Al-Abadi  H. B. Ghlaib  S. Shahid 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(10):2249-2268

The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system and bivariate frequency ratio method for the mapping of flowing well zones in the west and southwest parts of the Euphrates river basin of Iraq. Ten groundwater conditioning factors are identified as controlling factors of groundwater movement based on data availability, literature review, and expert’s opinions. The spatial association between flowing well locations and groundwater controlling factors is investigated by means of a probabilistic frequency ratio approach. Seventy percent or 148 wells from an inventory of 211 flowing wells in the study area are randomly selected for training, and the remaining 30 or 63% wells are used for validation of the probabilistic frequency ratio model. The estimated probabilistic ratio values are overlaid and summed to produce the groundwater potential index map. The results reveal that groundwater potential in 128,547 km² or 84% of the total area is very low to low. The moderate potential zone covers an area of about 11,210 km² or 7%, while the high and very high potential zones are found in an area of 12,982 km² or 9% of the study area. Validation of obtaining results by means of a receiver operating characteristic technique reveals that the predictive accuracy of 94% indicating the excellent performance of the proposed approach for spatial zoning of groundwater flowing well boundary at Iraqi desert.  相似文献   

Electro-coagulation treatment of raw and autoclaved landfill leachate with aluminum electrodes: case study of Djebel Chakir (Tunisia)     

Amjad Kallel  Anis Attour  Ismail Trabelsi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(4):85

Landfilling is a common practice worldwide for solid waste management. The leachate generated at landfill sites contains various organic and inorganic pollutants while it should be treated properly. In this study, the electrocoagulation (EC) process was recognized for its simplicity and effectiveness which was used for the treatment of leachate from the Djebel Chakir landfill site in northern Tunisia. In addition, we investigated the effect of microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, spore) on sludge production by the application of autoclaving treatment on raw leachate. The application of low current density (15 mA/cm²) within 2 h of treatment and using Al-Al electrodes revealed significant improvement of performance when autoclaving was applied. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal increased from 39 to 64% and from 13 to 30%, respectively. The sludge volume was reduced from 40 to 10%, and thus, its handling and disposal costs would be significantly decreased. The energy consumption rate was stable after 40 min of treatment at about 0.8 kWh/kg COD removed. Our study shows that removal of microorganisms by autoclaving prior to the EC process is promising for landfill leachate treatment. However, since autoclaving is far from being practical and cost-effective at full-scale plant, research on coupling EC with an alternative disinfecting process might be of great interest.  相似文献   

New data on the Indus Kohistan seismic zone and its extension into the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, NW Himalayas of Pakistan     

MonaLisa  Azam A. Khwaja  M. Qasim Jan  Robert S. Yeats  Ahmad Hussain  Shahid A. Khan 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(4):665-665

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Attribution of runoff change in the alpine basin: a case study of the Heihe Upstream Basin,China     

Zhentao Cong  Muhammad Shahid  Huimin Lei  Dawen Yang 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(6):1013-1028

Quantifying the relative contributions of different factors to runoff change is helpful for basin management, especially in the context of climate change and anthropogenic activities. The effect of snow change on runoff is seldom evaluated. We attribute the runoff change in the Heihe Upstream Basin (HUB), an alpine basin in China, using two approaches: a snowmelt-based water balance model and the Budyko framework. Results from these approaches show good consistency. Precipitation accounts for 58% of the increasing runoff. The contribution of land-cover change seems unremarkable for the HUB as a whole, where land-cover change has a major effect on runoff in each sub-basin, but its positive effect on increasing runoff in sub-basins 1 and 3 is offset by the negative effect in sub-basin 2. Snow change plays an essential role in each sub-basin, with a contribution rate of around 30%. The impact of potential evapotranspiration is almost negligible.