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41.
42.
Prediction of coastal hazards due to climate change is fraught with uncertainty that stems from complexity of coastal systems, estimation of sea level rise, and limitation of available data. In-depth research on coastal modeling is hampered by lack of techniques for handling uncertainty, and the available commercial geographical information systems (GIS) packages have only limited capability of handling uncertain information. Therefore, integrating uncertainty theory with GIS is of practical and theoretical significance. This article presents a GIS-based model that integrates an existing predictive model using a differential approach, random simulation, and fuzzy set theory for predicting geomorphic hazards subject to uncertainty. Coastal hazard is modeled as the combined effects of sea-level induced recession and storm erosion, using grid modeling techniques. The method is described with a case study of Fingal Bay Beach, SE Australia, for which predicted responses to an IPCC standard sea-level rise of 0.86 m and superimposed storm erosion averaged 12 m and 90 m, respectively, with analysis of uncertainty yielding maximum of 52 m and 120 m, respectively. Paradoxically, output uncertainty reduces slightly with simulated increase in random error in the digital elevation model (DEM). This trend implies that the magnitude of modeled uncertainty is not necessarily increased with the uncertainties in the input parameters. Built as a generic tool, the model can be used not only to predict different scenarios of coastal hazard under uncertainties for coastal management, but is also applicable to other fields that involve predictive modeling under uncertainty. 相似文献
43.
基于EOF分析对南海西北海域水体光谱特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance(R_(rs)) in northwestern South China Sea based on the in situ optical and water quality data for August 2018.R_(rs)was initially divided into four classes,classes A to D,using the max-classification algorithm,and the spectral properties of whole R_(rs) were characterized using the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis.Subsequently,the dominant factors in each EOF mode were determined.The results indicated that more than 95% of the variances of R_(rs) are partly driven by the back-scattering characteristics of the suspended matter.The initial two EOF modes were well correlated with the total suspended matter and back-scattering coefficient.Furthermore,the first EOF modes of the four classes of R_(rs)(A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1) significantly contributed to the total variances of each R_(rs) class.In addition,the correlation coefficients between the amplitude factors of class A-D R_(rs)-EOF_1 and the variances of the relevant water quality and optical parameters were better than those of the unclassified ones.The spectral shape of class AR_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of chlorophyll a and colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM).The spectral shape of class B R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the absorption characteristic of CDOM since it exhibited a high correlation with the absorption coefficient of CDOM(a_g(λ)),whereas the spectral shape of class C R_(rs)-EOF_1 was governed by the back-scattering characteristics but not affected by the suspended matter.The spectral shape of class D R_(rs)-EOF_1 exhibited a relatively good correlation with all the water quality parameters,which played a significant role in deciding its spectral shape. 相似文献
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45.
太阳黑子、厄尔尼诺及西北太平洋热带气旋的活动 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文用1900~1994年的资料,以统计分析的方法,对太阳黑子,厄尔尼诺及西北太平洋热带气旋活动的相互关系,进行了初步探讨,归纳出几点有参考价值的结论 相似文献
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47.
本文继续报道我国西沙群岛海产色球藻目 Chroococcales 的十种蓝藻,隶于三科六属,有八种是我国海产蓝藻的新记录,它们是:铜锈微囊藻 Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetzing,小形色球藻 Chroococcus minor ( Kuetzing) Naegeli,湖沼色球藻盐泽变种 C. limneticus Lemm.var. subsalsus Lemm,易变色球藻 C.varius A.Braun,膜状色球藻C. membraninus ( Meneghini) Naegeli,圆胞束球藻 Gomphasphaeria aponina Kuetzing,附钙管鞘藻 Hormathonema epilithicum Ercegovic 和透明拟丝藻 Johannesbaptistia pellucida ( Dickie) Taylor at Drouet。其中透明拟丝藻形态特征独特,这对于蓝藻类的研究,特别是研究从色球藻目进化到丝状蓝藻类的系统演化具有重要价值,早已为藻类学家们所重视。该种也是我国海产蓝藻属的新记录。
迄今为止,藻类学家们一致认为色球藻目是蓝藻门 Cyanophyta 中最原始、最低级的类群,其植物体最简单,大都是单细胞或简单的群体,而且都十分微小,常被肥厚的胶质鞘所包埋,这就使该目蓝藻能适应复杂的自然环境。所以,在地质学和古生物学的研究中它已引起许多学者的注意。有关该目海产种类的分类研究,我国仅有少数报道,这方面的工作还有待深入。 相似文献
48.
Chemical forms of Ba are determined in samples of suspension and sediment from the Zhujiang Estuary. Their interfacial geochemical processes are discussed. Total suspended Ba content is between 2. 4 and 40. 4 μg/L, and mostly exists in the crystalline form (43. 5%), secondly in the Fe-Mn oxidative form (23.1%). Percentages of organic, carbonate and exchangeable forms are 14. 8%, 11. l%and 7.4%, respectively. Total content of Ba in the sediment is between 158. 6 and 48. 0 ug/g. Percentages of crystalline form, Fe-Mn oxidative form and carbonate form are 78. 4% ,13. 5%and 8. 2%, respectively. Organic and exchangeable forms are not detected. The study on the mechanism of interfacial movement suggests that the salinity range of 10 is the turning point for the varied distribution of Ba. The subsidence of crystalline form affects the decrease of Ba content in suspension. The decrease mostly takes place in the salinity range lower than 10, which corresponds to the high value of Ba content in the sediment. The 相似文献
49.
Variation of reactivity of particulate and sedimentary organic matter along the Zhujiang River Estuary 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
To investigate organic matter source and reactivity in the Zhujiang River (Pearl River)Estuary and its adjacent areas, particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate hydrolysable amino acids (PHAA), and Chl a during two cruises in July 1999 and July 2000 were measured. The highest POC and PHAA concentration was observed in the waters with maximum Chl a. The spectra distribution,relative content (dry weight in milligram per gram), PHAA-C% POC and other indicators such as the ratios of amino acids vs. amino sugars (AA/AS) and glucosamine vs. galactosamine (Glum/Gal) suggested that particulate amino acids in the water column and sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were mainly derived from biogenic processes rather than transported from terrestrial erosion. In inner estuary where high turbidity was often observable, organic matter was mainly contributed by re-suspension of bottom sediments with revealed zooplankton, microbial reworked characteristics, which suggest that these organic matters were relatively “old“. In the estuarine brackish region, organic matter in water column is mainly contributed by relatively fresh, easily degradable phytoplankton derived organic matter.During physical - biological processes within the eastuary, organic matter derived from phytoplankton was subjected to alteration by zooplankton grazing and bacterial reworking. 相似文献
50.
用三峡及邻区(东经108°~113°,北纬29°~33°)地质资料,地震资料,现 场地应力测量资料论证三峡及邻区晚第三纪以来构造应力场稳定性及其分区特 征。 相似文献