西藏乌鲁穷含铜磁铁矿床的发现及地质特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨绍  李德威  陈桂凡  李华亮  张硕  周涛 《中国地质》2018,45(6):1214-1227

继尼雄、弗野、材玛等铁矿床的发现之后,新一轮1：5万区域地质调查又在班公湖-怒江成矿带西段乌鲁穷地区发现了较大规模的含铜磁铁矿矿床。野外路线调查、剖面实测和大比例尺填图表明,乌鲁穷磁铁矿形成于南羌塘南缘中-晚侏罗世中酸性岩体与上三叠统日干配错群二组（T₃R²）碳酸盐岩外接触带中,矿体受后期近南北向高角度正断层改造,成矿作用表现出多期次、多阶段特征。通过对矿体邻近的石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩和控矿断层中同构造碳酸盐脉进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩成岩年龄分别为：（161.3±0.72）Ma、（157.5±1.7）Ma,并获得同构造碳酸盐脉热液锆石年龄为（84.2±1.1）Ma。结合前人研究和1：5万地质调查成果,认为乌鲁穷含铜磁铁矿在中-晚侏罗世（157.5~161.3 Ma）班公湖-怒江洋北向俯冲过程中初步富集成矿,形成矽卡岩型含铜磁铁矿矿床,矿体在晚白垩世（84.2 Ma）陆内伸展过程中再次富集;提出班公湖地区在晚白垩世中期存在一期横跨缝合带的陆内伸展成矿事件,成矿作用与班公湖-怒江洋闭合后地幔软流圈底辟及其相关的地壳线性热隆伸展是一个机理关联的系统。  相似文献   

Comparison of single- and dual-permeability models in simulating the unsaturated hydro-mechanical behavior in a rainfall-triggered landslide     

Wei Shao  Zongji Yang  Junjun Ni  Ye Su  Wen Nie  Xieyao Ma 《Landslides》2018,15(12):2449-2464

Landslide-prone slopes in earthquake-affected areas commonly feature heterogeneity and high permeability due to the presence of cracks and fissures that were caused by ground shaking. Landslide reactivation in heterogeneous slope may be affected by preferential flow that was commonly occurred under heavy rainfall. Current hydro-mechanical models that are based on a single-permeability model consider soil as a homogeneous continuum, which, however, cannot explicitly represent the hydraulic properties of heterogeneous soil. The present study adopted a dual-permeability model, using two Darcy-Richards equations to simulate the infiltration processes in both matrix and preferential flow domains. The hydrological results were integrated with an infinite slope stability approach, attempting to investigate the hydro-mechanical behavior. A coarse-textured unstable slope in an earthquake-affected area was chosen for conducting artificial rainfall experiment, and in the experiment slope, failure was triggered several times under heavy rainfall. The simulated hydro-mechanical results of both single- and dual-permeability model were compared with the measurements, including soil moisture content, pore water pressure, and slope stability conditions. Under high-intensity rainfall, the measured soil moisture and pore water pressure at 1-m depth showed faster hydrological response than its simulations, which can be regarded as a typical evidence of preferential flow. We found the dual-permeability model substantially improved the quantification of hydro-mechanical processes. Such improvement could assist in obtaining more reliable landslide-triggering predication. In the light of the implementation of a dual-permeability model for slope stability analysis, a more flexible and robust early warning system for shallow landslides hazard in coarse-textured slopes could be provided.  相似文献   

Characterization of the mechanical properties of a claystone by nano-indentation and homogenization     

Fan Zhang  Hanqun Guo  Dawei Hu  Jian-Fu Shao 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(6):1395-1404

Based on the analyses of mineralogical compositions by X-ray diffraction and microstructure by optical microscopy, the Young’ modulus and hardness of a claystone were characterized by the nano-indentation technique and homogenization method. Three distinct microstructural zones are identified in the claystone: clay matrix, a composite matrix of clay and small mineral grains and imbedded quartz grains. The elastic modulus and hardness of different zones were determined by nano-indentation testing. Based on the statistical analysis of nano-indentation results, the spatial mappings and frequency distributions of elastic modulus and hardness of the different zones were obtained. The elastic moduli of main constituent phases of the claystone are then estimated from the nano-indentation tests. These values were further used for the determination of the macroscopic elastic modulus of the claystone using two different homogenization schemes: the dilute scheme and Mori–Tanaka scheme. The predicted values by the homogenization schemes are compared with experimental data obtained from conventional uniaxial compression tests.  相似文献   

Up-to-date urban rainstorm intensity formulas considering spatial diversity in China     

Danna Shao  Guang-sheng Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(14):541

With accelerating urbanization in China, urban waterlogging has had a serious impact on urban sustainable development and citizen welfare. Simple urban rainstorm intensity formulas with a monotonous frequency distribution type cannot meet the practical needs of urban drainage planning and design. This study focuses on the development of urban rainstorm intensity formulas based on spatial diversity in China. Using the annual maximum sampling method, rainstorm data of 607 cities throughout China were collected into a database, with a total of 24,933 rainfall samples (annual observations) under various specified precipitation durations. The database was used to verify that integrating the Pearson III and Gumbel distributions would constitute an optimal theoretical distribution type, owing to its small error and increased fitting precision. Modification and coordination of four important parameters in the rainstorm intensity formula were done using a digital elevation model, which improved the accuracy of the formula. In addition, precipitation distributions in China were treated from the perspective of topographic features to validate the calculations from up-to-date formulas. Accuracy assessment was accomplished using a national code (GB-50014-2006), GIS-based isograms, and authoritative results from the Hydrological Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources. This work provides a comprehensive foundation for the establishment of an up-to-date rainstorm intensity formula for China, which can be used widely in different cities.  相似文献   

音频大地电磁测深在齐大山铁矿王家堡子采区深部找矿中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

刘明军  王洪波  于昌明 《地质找矿论丛》2018,33(4):627-633

鞍山齐大山铁矿王家堡子采区产出鞍山式沉积变质型铁矿,铁矿石多以磁铁贫矿为主,局部产出富铁矿,目前钻探工程控制标高为-600 m,采区深部的资源潜力是急待解决的问题,为此对采区进行音频大地电磁测量和研究工作。齐大山铁矿的电性变化复杂,通过先期的实验剖面确定了矿区铁矿体的3种不同电阻率特征,然后对王家堡子采区的3760线、4050线、4500线进行音频大地电磁测量、数据处理和断面反演分析。推测3760线的低阻由磁铁贫矿引起,局部高阻为假象赤铁贫矿引起;推测4050线和4500线浅部的低阻由磁铁贫矿引起,深部的高阻为假象赤铁贫矿及磁铁贫矿引起。同时预测3760线、4050线和4500线西侧深部均有低电阻率显示,反映出隐伏铁矿床的存在特征,推测在-1 000 m标高以下仍存在有隐伏的富矿体或板状磁铁贫矿。经过钻探验证,获得了预期的找矿效果。  相似文献   

Performance evaluation of ensemble learning techniques for landslide susceptibility mapping at the Jinping county,Southwest China     

Hu  Xudong  Mei  Hongbo  Zhang  Han  Li  Yuanyuan  Li  Mengdi 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(2):1663-1689

Natural Hazards - The objective of this study is to investigate different ensemble learning techniques namely Bagging, Boosting, and Stacking for LSM at the Jinping county, Southwest China. Two...  相似文献   

2018年全球重大天气气候事件及其成因   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

孙劭  李多  王遵娅  王国复  柯宗建 《气象》2019,45(4):533-542

2018年全球主要温室气体浓度继续攀升,地表温度相比工业化前水平偏高0.99℃,为有观测记录以来的历史第四高值。全球冰川总量连续31年减少,南北极海冰范围全年处于历史低位。全球海洋表面温度较常年显著偏高,海平面继续加速上升,海洋热含量创历史新高,海洋酸化的影响日益加剧。年内,世界各地发生了许多重大天气气候事件,包括北半球异常活跃的热带气旋季、欧洲夏季持续性高温干燥天气、印度西南部的特大洪灾、澳洲东部严重旱情、欧美多地的低温暴雪以及全球多地的森林大火和强对流天气,造成了严重的人口伤亡和社会经济损失。本文系统性总结了2018年全球重大天气气候事件及其影响,并重点分析了印度近百年来最严重洪灾和美国东海岸爆发性低温雨雪冰冻两个典型气候事件的形成原因。分析表明,夏季南亚季风强度偏强、控制时间偏长,8月在南亚季风槽西部位置偏北、索马里越赤道急流偏强的共同作用下,南印度洋及阿拉伯海上空的水汽大量向印度地区输送,持续性的强降水天气引发了该地区近百年以来最严重的洪灾;1月上旬,在耦合的急流结构、强烈的海洋温度梯度以及气旋外围气温偏高的共同作用下,冬季风暴格雷森在短时间内爆发性加强,造成美国东海岸出现气温骤降、强风暴雪等剧烈天气现象。  相似文献   

在SeisDps实时系统中用零点、极点计算ML的过程     

王翠芳  邵玉平 《地震地磁观测与研究》2006,27(2):105-109

在SeisDps地震处理软件的实时系统中,不是用系统的幅频特性计算震级ML,而是利用台站的零点、极点和增益,将记录的数字地震波形仿真成伍德-安德森地震仪记录的波形,计算具有3 大优点的ML震级,本文主要介绍用零点、极点和增益计算ML的过程。  相似文献   

The sulfurization recorded in tridymite in the monomict eucrite Northwest Africa 11591     

Li‐Lin Huang  Bing‐Kui Miao  Guo‐Zhu Chen  Hui‐Min Shao  Zi‐Yuan Ouyang 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(7):1441-1457

Some of the tridymite in the monomict Northwest Africa (NWA) 11591 eucrite are found to have sulfide‐rich replacement textures (SRTs) to varying degrees. The SRTs of tridymite in NWA 11591 are characterized by the distribution of loose porous regions with aggregates of quartz and minor troilite grains along the rims and fractures of the tridymite, and we propose a new mechanism for the origin of this texture. According to the volume and density conversion relationship, the quartz in the SRT of tridymite with a hackle fracture pattern was transformed from tridymite. We suggest that the primary tridymite grains are affected by the S‐rich vapors along the rims and fractures, leading to the transformation of tridymite into quartz. In addition, the S‐rich vapors reacted with Fe²⁺, which was transported from the relict tridymite and/or the adjacent Fe‐rich minerals, and/or the S‐rich vapors react with the exotic metallic Fe to form troilite grains. The sulfurization in NWA 11591 most likely occurred during the prolonged subsolidus thermal metamorphism in the shallow crust of Vesta and might be an open, relatively high temperature (>800 °C) process. Sulfur would be an important component of the metasomatic fluid on Vesta.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地古近纪岩相古地理   总被引：20，自引：6，他引：14  

邵龙义  何志平  顾家裕  罗文林  贾进华  刘永福  张丽娟  张鹏飞 《古地理学报》2006,8(3):353-364

古近纪是塔里木盆地由海向陆转化的时期。当时该区的海侵来自研究区西侧的古地中海分支,物源则主要是盆地北部的南天山以及南部的昆仑山,沉积中心在库车坳陷西部以及塔西南坳陷带的西部。古新世-始新世早期（库姆格列木群沉积期）在盆地北部库车坳陷发育砾岩、砂岩、碳酸盐岩及膏盐岩,沉积环境有滨岸、漏湖、潮坪及扇三角洲等,塔西南坳陷以碳酸盐岩和膏岩为特征,从东到西发育开阔台地、近岸局限台地、蒸发盐台地、辫状河三角洲环境等,二者之间即在塔北隆起及北部坳陷带位置为宽阔的古隆起区。始新世晚期-渐新世（苏维依组沉积期）整个盆地以滨浅湖为主,发育粉砂岩与泥岩互层沉积,塔西南坳陷虽然仍发育多个海相层,但海水的影响明显比始新世早期弱,当时主要古地理单元有海湾渴湖、滨浅湖、扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲。总体上,塔里木盆地在古近纪经历了早期以扇三角洲为主的浅水环境到晚期的滨浅湖及海湾溻湖环境,古近纪研究区的古气候以热带-亚热带的干旱气候为主。  相似文献