Activity-composition relation of jadeite in omphacite pyroxene: Theoretical deductions     

Jibamitra Ganguly 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1973,19(2):145-153

Theoretical considerations suggest that the activity coefficient of jadeite in natural multicomponent omphacite pyroxene can be approximated by an expression of the form RTlnγ_jd ? W₁₂ (X_Di + X_Hed) (I ? X_Jd), where W₁₂ is an adjustable interchange parameter in the jadeite-diopside join, and X stands for the mole fraction of the specified component in the pyroxene solid solution. Synthesis of the available experimental and observational data yields W₁₂ ? ? 1400 (± 1400) + 1.16 (± 1.16) cal/mole, suggesting a nearly ideal solution around 1100°C, and negative departure from ideality at low temperature of the jadeite-diopside solid solution.  相似文献   

Fe2+-Mg order-disorder in orthopyroxene: equilibrium fractionation between the octahedral sites and thermodynamic analysis     

M. Stimpfl  J. Ganguly  G. Molin 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,136(4):297-309

The equilibrium intracrystalline distribution coefficient, k _D ^*, of Fe^* (i.e. Fe²⁺ + Mn) and Mg between the M1 and M2 sites of three natural nearly binary Fe²⁺-Mg orthopyroxene crystals (Fs₁₄, Fs₁₅ and Fs₄₉) were determined by annealing experiments at several temperatures between 550 and 1000 °C and single crystal X-ray structure refinements. In addition, the X-ray data of an orthopyroxene crystal (Fs₂₃), which were collected earlier by Molin et al. (1991) between 700 and 1000 °C, were re-refined. The data were processed through two different refinement programs (SHELXL-93 and RFINE90) using both unit and individual weights and also both ionic and atomic scattering factors. The calculated site occupancies were found to agree within their estimated standard errors. However, the use of ionic scattering factors led to significantly better goodness of fit and agreement index, and smaller standard deviations of the site occupancies than those obtained from the use of atomic scattering factors. Furthermore, the weighted refinements yielded significantly smaller standard deviations of the site occupancies than the unweighted refinements even when the same set of reflections was used in the two procedures. The site occupancy data from this study were combined with selected published data to develop expressions of k _D ^* as a function of temperature and composition. Calculation of the excess configurational entropy, ΔS ^XS, suggests that orthopyroxene should be treated as a two parameter symmetric solution instead of as a “simple mixture”. The calculated ΔS ^XS values and the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing suggested by available cation exchange data lead to a slightly negative enthalpy of mixing in the orthopyroxene solid solution. Received: 25 August 1998 / Accepted: 10 March 1999  相似文献   

Methane flux dynamics in relation to methanogenic and methanotrophic populations in the soil of Indian Sundarban mangroves          下载免费PDF全文

Subhajit Das  Dipnarayan Ganguly  Sabyasachi Chakraborty  Abhishek Mukherjee  Tarun Kumar De 《Marine Ecology》2018,39(2)

The dynamics of methane (CH₄) flux in relation to populations of methanogenic and methanotrophic bacteria was studied under the different biophysical conditions of the Indian Sundarban mangrove ecosystem. Soil depth profile analysis (up to 60 cm) in the lower littoral zone (LLZ) revealed that a methanogenic population of 6.45 ± 0.19 × 10⁴ cells/g dry weight (dry wt) of soil accounted for a CH₄ production rate of 6.23 ± 3.53 × 10³ µmol m^?2 day^?1, whereas in the surface soil, a methanogenic population of 3.34 ± 0.37 × 10⁴ cells/g dry wt of soil accounted for a CH₄ production rate of 31.6 ± 0.57 µmol m^?2 day^?1. The CH₄ oxidation rate at 60 cm depth in the LLZ was 24.42 ± 1.28 µmol m^?2 day^?1, with an average methanotrophic population of 1.33 ± 0.43 × 10⁴ cells/g dry wt of soil, whereas in the surface soil, the oxidation rate and average population were 3.38 ± 1.43 × 10³ µmol m^?2 day^?1 and 12.80 ± 2.54 × 10⁴ cells/g dry wt of soil, respectively. A similar soil profile in terms of CH₄ dynamics and the populations of methanogenic and methanotrophic bacteria was found in the mid‐littoral and upper littoral zones of the studied area. The results demonstrate that most of the produced CH₄ (approximately 60%) was oxidized by methanotrophic bacteria present in the soil, thus revealing their principal role in regulating the CH₄ flux from this unique ecosystem.  相似文献   

Evaluating wind extremes in CMIP5 climate models     

Devashish Kumar  Vimal Mishra  Auroop R. Ganguly 《Climate Dynamics》2015,45(1-2):441-453

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The particle production at the event horizon of a black hole as gravitational Fowler-Nordheim emission in uniformly accelerated frame,in the non-relativistic scenario     

Sanchari De  Sutapa Ghosh  Somenath Chakrabarty 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2015,356(1):1-6

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Incorporation of water into olivine during nebular condensation: Insights from density functional theory and thermodynamics,and implications for phyllosilicate formation and terrestrial water inventory          下载免费PDF全文

Abu Asaduzzaman  Krishna Muralidharan  Jibamitra Ganguly 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2015,50(4):578-589

Using density functional theory, we have examined the hydration mechanism of olivine with the objective of understanding the reaction pathways toward the formation of crystalline serpentine and brucite. It is found that further supply of water beyond saturation of the adsorption sites on olivine surfaces leads to the formation of amorphous brucite and serpentine molecules, with the latter forming in the subsurface domain. The calculated activation energy for this process is ~25 kJ mol^?1, which permits formation of the amorphous materials well within the life span of the solar nebula. In addition, molecular dynamic simulations show that the adsorbed water in olivine is stable at least up to 900 K—a finding that is in accord with independent experimental studies. Thus, adsorption plus subsurface reaction of H₂O in olivine could have taken place at temperatures considerably higher than the stability limit of hydrous minerals in the nebular condition. Using the DFT derived enthalpy of adsorption data, and reasonable approximation for the entropy of adsorption, we have calculated the fractional coverage of the reactive surface sites of olivine grains of spherical geometry by adsorbed water, and the corresponding ocean equivalent water (OEW) that could have been accreted into the Earth. These results suggest that adsorption and the associated subsurface hydroxylation of olivine grains might have been responsible for a significant fraction of the Earth's water budget. The adsorption of water into olivine crystals in the solar nebula might also have led to the delivery of water to other planetary bodies.  相似文献   

Neodymium diffusion in orthopyroxene: Experimental studies and applications to geological and planetary problems     

Jennifer Sano  Jibamitra Ganguly  Richard Hervig  Xiaoyu Zhang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(16):4684-4698

We have determined the Nd³⁺ diffusion kinetics in natural enstatite crystals as a function of temperature, f(O₂) and crystallographic direction at 1 bar pressure and applied these data to several terrestrial and planetary problems. The diffusion is found to be anisotropic with the diffusion parallel to the c-axial direction being significantly greater than that parallel to a- and b-axis. Also, D(//a) is likely to be somewhat greater than D(//b). Diffusion experiments parallel to the b-axial direction as a function of f(O₂) do not show a significant dependence of D(Nd³⁺) on f(O₂) within the range defined by the IW buffer and 1.5 log unit above the WM buffer. The observed diffusion anisotropy and weak f(O₂) effect on D(Nd³⁺) may be understood by considering the crystal structure of enstatite and the likely diffusion pathways. Using the experimental data for D(Nd³⁺), we calculated the closure temperature of the Sm-Nd geochronological system in enstatite during cooling as a function of cooling rate, grain size and geometry, initial (peak) temperature and diffusion direction. We have also evaluated the approximate domain of validity of closure temperatures calculated on the basis of an infinite plane sheet model for finite plane sheets showing anisotropic diffusion. These results provide a quantitative framework for the interpretation of Sm-Nd mineral ages of orthopyroxene in planetary samples. We discuss the implications of our experimental data to the problems of melting and subsolidus cooling of mantle rocks, and the resetting of Sm-Nd mineral ages in mesosiderites. It is found that a cooling model proposed earlier [Ganguly J., Yang H., Ghose S., 1994. Thermal history of mesosiderites: Quantitative constraints from compositional zoning and Fe-Mg ordering in orthopyroxene. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58, 2711-2723] could lead to the observed ∼90 Ma difference between the U-Pb age and Sm-Nd mineral age for mesosiderites, thus obviating the need for a model of resetting of the Sm-Nd mineral age by an “impulsive disturbance” [Prinzhoffer A, Papanastassiou D.A, Wasserburg G.J., 1992. Samarium-neodymium evolution of meteorites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 797-815].  相似文献   

Multivariate and multiscale dependence in the global climate system revealed through complex networks     

Karsten Steinhaeuser  Auroop R. Ganguly  Nitesh V. Chawla 《Climate Dynamics》2012,39(3-4):889-895

A systematic characterization of multivariate dependence at multiple spatio-temporal scales is critical to understanding climate system dynamics and improving predictive ability from models and data. However, dependence structures in climate are complex due to nonlinear dynamical generating processes, long-range spatial and long-memory temporal relationships, as well as low-frequency variability. Here we utilize complex networks to explore dependence in climate data. Specifically, networks constructed from reanalysis-based atmospheric variables over oceans and partitioned with community detection methods demonstrate the potential to capture regional and global dependence structures within and among climate variables. Proximity-based dependence as well as long-range spatial relationships are examined along with their evolution over time, yielding new insights on ocean meteorology. The tools are implicitly validated by confirming conceptual understanding about aggregate correlations and teleconnections. Our results also suggest a close similarity of observed dependence patterns in relative humidity and horizontal wind speed over oceans. In addition, updraft velocity, which relates to convective activity over the oceans, exhibits short spatiotemporal decorrelation scales but long-range dependence over time. The multivariate and multi-scale dependence patterns broadly persist over multiple time windows. Our findings motivate further investigations of dependence structures among observations, reanalysis and model-simulated data to enhance process understanding, assess model reliability and improve regional climate predictions.  相似文献   

On a possible mechanism of low surface magnetic field structure of quark stars     

Nandini Nag  Sutapa Ghosh  Roni Saha  Somenath Chakrabarty 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2009,323(2):123-133

Following some of the recent articles on hole super-conductivity and related phenomena by Hirsch (Phys. Lett. A 134:451, 1989; Phys. Rev. B 68:184502, 2003a; Phys. Rev. B 71:184521, 2005a and Phys. Lett. A 345:453, 2005b) a simple model is proposed to explain the observed low surface magnetic field of the expected quark stars. It is argued that the diamagnetic moments of the electrons circulating in the electro-sphere induce a magnetic field, which forces the existing quark star magnetic flux density to become dilute. For the sake of completeness, we have also included the analyses of instability at the normal-super-conducting interface due to excess accumulation of magnetic flux lines. The instability at the interface has also been studied numerically.   相似文献   

Preface     

Samarendra Bhattacharya  Jibamitra Ganguly 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(4):267-267

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