Factors driving farmers’ knowledge on climate change in a climatically vulnerable state of India     

Das  Usha  Ghosh  Souvik 《Natural Hazards》2020,102(3):1419-1434

Natural Hazards - Climate and its inevitable symptoms of change are now becoming a part of people’s life. They have realised the related potential threats and magnitude of skewed pace of...  相似文献   

Bacterial response to contrasting sediment geochemistry in the Central Indian Basin     

ANINDITA DAS  CHRISTABELLE E. G. FERNANDES  SONALI S. NAIK  B. NAGENDER NATH  I. SURESH  M. B. L. MASCARENHAS‐PEREIRA  S. M. GUPTA  N. H. KHADGE  C. PRAKASH BABU  D. V. BOROLE  P. P. SUJITH  ANIL B. VALSANGKAR  BABU SHASHIKANT MOURYA  SUSHANTA U. BICHE  RAHUL SHARMA  P. A. LOKA BHARATHI 《Sedimentology》2011,58(3):756-784

In order to investigate whether geochemical, physiographic and lithological differences in two end‐member sedimentary settings could evoke varied microbe–sediment interactions, two 25 cm long sediment cores from contrasting regions in the Central Indian Basin have been examined. Site TVBC 26 in the northern siliceous realm (10°S, 75·5°E) is organic‐C rich with 0·3 ± 0·09% total organic carbon. Site TVBC 08 in the southern pelagic red clay realm (16°S, 75·5°E), located on the flank of a seamount in a mid‐plate volcanic area with hydrothermal alterations of recent origin, is organic‐C poor (0·1 ± 0·07%). Significantly higher bacterial viability under anaerobic conditions, generally lower microbial carbon uptake and higher numbers of aerobic sulphur oxidizers at the mottled zones, characterize core TVBC 26. In the carbon‐poor environment of core TVBC 08, a doubling of the ¹⁴C uptake, a 250 times increase in the number of autotrophic nitrifiers, a four‐fold lowering in the number of aerobic sulphur oxidizers and a higher order of denitrifiers exists when compared with core TVBC 26; this suggests the prevalence of a potentially autotrophic microbial community in core TVBC 08 in response to hydrothermal activity. Microbial activity at the northern TVBC 26 is predominantly heterotrophic with enhanced chemosynthetic activity restricted to tan‐green mottled zones. The southern TVBC 08 is autotrophic with increased heterotrophic activity in the deepest layers. Notably, the bacterial activity is generally dependent on the surface productivity in TVBC 26, the carbon‐rich core, and mostly independent in TVBC 08, the carbon‐poor, hydrothermally influenced core. The northern sediment is more organic sink‐controlled and the southern sediment is more hydrothermal source‐controlled. Hydrothermal activity and associated rock alteration processes may be more relevant than organic matter delivery in these deep‐sea sediments. Thus, this study highlights the relative importance of hydrothermal activity versus organic delivery in evoking different microbial responses in the Central Indian Basin sediments.  相似文献   

Bimodal stable isotope signatures of Zildat Ophiolitic Mélange, Indus Suture Zone, Himalaya: implications for emplacement of an ophiolitic mélange in a convergent setup     

Koushick Sen  Souvik Das  Barun K. Mukherjee  Koushik Sen 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(7):2033-2042

Zildat Ophiolitic Mélange (ZOM) of the Indus Suture Zone, Himalaya, represents tectonic blocks of the fragmented oceanic metasediments and ophiolite remnants. The ZOM is sandwiched between the Zildat fault adjacent to a gneissic dome known as Tso Morari Crystalline (TMC) and thin sliver of an ophiolite called as the Nidar Ophiolitic Complex. The ZOM contain chaotic low-density lithologies of metamorphosed oceanic sediments and hydrated mantle rocks, in which carbonates are present as mega-clasts ranging from 100 meters to few centimeters in size. In this work, calcite microstructures, fluid inclusion petrography and stable isotope analyses of carbonates were carried out to envisage the emplacement history of the ZOM. Calcite microstructure varies with decreasing temperature and increasing intensity of deformation. Intense shearing is seen at the marginal part of the mélange near Zildat fault. These observations are consistent with the mélange as a tectonically dismembered block, formed at a plate boundary in convergent setup. The δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C isotope values of carbonates show bimodal nature from deeper (interior) to the shallower (marginal, near the Zildat fault) part of the mélange. Carbonate blocks from deeper part of the mélange reflect marine isotopic signature with limited fluid–rock interaction, which later on provide a mixing zone of oceanic metasediments and/or hydrated ultramafic rocks. Carbonates at shallower depths of the mélange show dominance of syn-deformation hydrous fluids, and this has later been modified by metamorphism of the adjacent TMC gneisses. Above observations reveal that the mélange was emplaced over the subducting Indian plate and later on synchronously deformed with the TMC gneissic dome.  相似文献   

Facies analysis and depositional model of late Permian Raniganj formation: Study from Raniganj coal bed methane block     

Souvik Sen  Nayani Das  Dipanjan Maiti 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(4):503-516

The Raniganj Formation (late Permian) forms the uppermost economic coal-bearing unit of the Gondwana succession. The dominant facies interpreted from analysis of cores from the Raniganj formation are classified as Sandstone dominated facies, Sandstone - shale heterolith facies, Shale facies and Coal facies. The natural Gamma response of Raniganj Formation shows predominance of repetitive fining upwards cycles. Integration of core analysis and geophysical log data of the Raniganj formation indicates meandering fluvial environment. The lower part of Raniganj Formation is channel dominated which corresponds to thick amalgamated sand bodies while the upper part represent overbank shows predominance of channel avulsion indicating a gradual change in accommodation space. Five major fining upward depositional sequences, bounded by sub-aerial unconformities (sequence boundaries) have been dentified in Raniganj formation, based on changes in depositional style that are correlated regionally. Each sequence comprises of Low accommodation system tract (LAST) at base and high accommodation system tract (HAST) at top. LAST is characterized by vertically stacked, multistory amalgamated channel sandstone dominated facies, while floodplain dominated facies characterize HAST. The coal seams deposited in LAST are thicker and relatively more continuous than the frequent thin seams of HAST. Such facies distribution study would be helpful for the development strategy for CBM blocks based on production priority.  相似文献   

An Experimentally Constrained Petrogenetic Grid in the Silica-Saturated Portion of the System KFMASH at High Temperatures and Pressures   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

DAS  KAUSHIK; DASGUPTA  SOMNATH; MIURA  HIROYUKI 《Journal of Petrology》2003,44(6):1055-1075

Experiments in the quartz-saturated part of the system KFMASHunder fO₂ conditions of the haematite–magnetite bufferand using bulk compositions with X_Mg of 0·81, 0·72,0·53 define the stability limits of several mineral assemblageswithin the P–T field 9–12 kbar, 850–1100°C.The stability limits of the mineral assemblages orthopyroxene+ spinel + cordierite ± sapphirine, orthopyroxene + garnet+ sapphirine, sapphirine + cordierite + orthopyroxene and garnet+ orthopyroxene + spinel have been delineated on the basis ofP–T and T–X pseudosections. Sapphirine did not appearin the bulk composition of X_Mg = 0·53. A partial petrogeneticgrid applicable to high Mg–Al granulites metamorphosedat high fO₂, developed in our earlier work, was extended tohigher pressures. The experimental results were successfullyapplied to several high-grade terranes to estimate P–Tconditions and retrograde P–T trajectories. KEY WORDS: KFMASH equilibria; experimental petrogenetic grid at high fO₂  相似文献   

TRANSFORMATION OF SCHLUMBERGER APPARENT RESISTIVITY TO DIPOLE APPARENT RESISTIVITY OVER LAYERED EARTH BY THE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL LINEAR FILTERS *     

R. KUMAR  U. C. DAS 《Geophysical Prospecting》1978,26(2):352-358

A simple extension of our previous work in which digital filters were developed to transform dipole resistivity measurements over layered earth to Schlumberger ones leads us to the development of filters for transforming the latter to the former. As in the previous work we use a sampling interval of 1/6 In 10 in designing the filters that are both accurate and fast in operation.  相似文献   

COMMENTS ON “BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE ARBITRARY INHOMOGENEITIES PROBLEM IN ELECTRICAL PROSPECTING” and “RECIPROCAL AVERAGING TECHNIQUES IN THE GEOELECTRICAL BOUNDARY ELEMENT APPROACH” BY M. OKABE*     

U. C. DAS 《Geophysical Prospecting》1985,33(3):468-471

  相似文献   

DIGITAL LINEAR FILTER FOR COMPUTING TYPE CURVES FOR THE TWO-ELECTRODE SYSTEM OF RESISTIVITY SOUNDING*     

U.C. DAS  S.K. VERMA 《Geophysical Prospecting》1980,28(4):610-619

In this paper a technique for computing type curves for the two-electrode resistivity soundings is presented. It is shown that the apparent resistivity due to the system can be represented by a convolution integral. Thus, it is possible to apply the principle of digital linear filtering and compute the desired type-curves. The filter function required for the purpose is found to be identical with that used to compute the EM sounding curves for the two coplanar horizontal loop system. It is further shown that from the two-electrode apparent-resistivity expression one can easily derive the apparent resistivities for other configurations. A comparison of depths of investigation for various systems reveals that the two-electrode system has greater depth of investigation than other conventional systems. This is also supported by the field example presented in the end, which illustrates the relative performance of the two-electrode system vis-a-vis the Wenner system.  相似文献   

RESISTIVITY AND INDUCED POLARIZATION RESPONSES OF ARBITRARILY SHAPED 3-D BODIES IN A TWO-LAYERED EARTH*     

U.C. DAS  D.S. PARASNIS 《Geophysical Prospecting》1987,35(1):98-109

Numerical computations using the integral equation method are presented for resistivity and IP responses due to arbitrarily shaped 3-dimensional bodies in a layered earth. The unknown surface charge density distribution is expressed as the solution of Fredholm's integral equation of the second kind. Use of moment method (with pulse basis function and point-collocation) yields the matrix equations for the unknowns. The contributions to Green's function are solved (a) analytically for the primary and (b) by convolution for the secondary contributions resulting in a fast algorithm. The further step of computing potential, apparent resistivity, chargeability etc., for any electrode system, is straightforward. Our results show a good agreement with those from finite difference methods and physical tank experiments. The CPU time is only 138 s on a super-minicomputer for an apparent resistivity pseudo-section, even with 96 elementary cells as used for discretization. A large number of models for different geological situations were studied; some are presented here.  相似文献   

BIPOLE-DIPOLE FIELD DIFFERENCE—A NEW RESISTIVITY SOUNDING TECHNIQUE*     

U. C. DAS  R. D. SINGH 《Geophysical Prospecting》1982,30(3):323-330

The method of field differences using two parallel bipole sources is described. The system possesses much greater resolving power and investigating depth than the conventional Schlumberger configuration. Of the two variations, the longitudinal field difference has about two and half times greater depth of investigation than the transverse one. Practical advantage of the present technique over the Schlumberger system in reducing the ambiguity in interpretation due to equivalent layered structures is demonstrated on a theoretical example.  相似文献