Cloud–aerosol coupled index in estimating the break phase of Indian summer monsoon     

Sutapa Chaudhuri  Jayanti Pal 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,118(3):447-464

The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is largely influenced by intra-seasonal variability like break and active phases of monsoon. In the present study, different cloud and aerosol parameters are considered and analyzed to formulate a cloud–aerosol coupled index (CACI) that can aid in forecasting the break phase of ISM. The method of principal component analysis is implemented to identify the significant cloud and aerosol parameters during break and active phases of ISM. The threshold ranges of each parameter are evaluated by using the normal probability density function. The result reveals that for break phase, the significant parameters are cloud water path (CWP), cloud optical depth, aerosol index, zonal wind (ZW), and meridional wind (MW) at 850 hPa pressure level whereas for active phase, the parameters found to be important are aerosol optical depth, CWP, ZW, and MW at 850 hPa pressure level. The significantly correlated (p?相似文献   

A comparative assessment of Kalpana-1 and MISR cloud tracked winds over the Indian Ocean region     

S. K. Deb  Inderpreet Kaur  C. M. Kishtawal  P. K. Pal 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2015,121(3-4):425-443

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Advances in microbial bioremediation and the factors influencing the process     

J. Srivastava  R. Naraian  S. J. S. Kalra  H. Chandra 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(6):1787-1800

Irrational and rapid global human societal development has culminated to a condition of environmental deterioration. Accidental leakage and deliberate use of organic and inorganic chemicals have contaminated the environment up to the level of ecosystem. Advancements have been made in the field of research on bioremediation of the hazardous contaminants especially in last three decades. Microbial bioremediation has been the most understood biotechnological process of environmental restoration. Bacteria and fungi because of their inherent ability to adapt and grow in extreme environments have been employed for either removal or degradation of the chemical contaminants. Researchers all over the world are getting breakthroughs in finding new bacterial strains having plasmid linked degradation/reduction ability. Molecular biology and genetic engineering helped in crafting the microbes for the desired results on environment. Despite having favorable conditions, microbial remediation largely depends on environmental factors and on the basic biological characters of microbes, especially bacteria being Gram-positive or Gram-negative. Metagenomic studies revealed the importance of microbial ecology as microbes work well in community, i.e., consortia. This review along with several other studies suggests the need of precision during microbial community identification, substrate specificity and the designing of microbes.  相似文献   

Concentration of arsenic by selected vegetables cultivated in the Yamuna flood plains (YFP) of Delhi,India     

Bhupendra K. Mishra  Chandra S. Dubey  Dericks P. Shukla  Prosun Bhattacharya  Arnold L. Usham 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(9):3281-3291

High Arsenic (As) concentrations have been reported in superficial water in the Yamuna flood plains (YFP), Delhi, which is being extensively used for agriculture. The concentration of As in some common vegetables such as Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Abelmoschus esculentus (lady’s finger), Solanum melongena (brinjal), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Raphanus sativus (radish), Zea mays (corn), and Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) has been studied in this work. The range of As concentrations (dry weight) varies from 0.6 to 2.52 mg/kg with the highest accumulation of 2.52 mg/kg in radish followed by tomato (2.36 mg/kg). The order of As concentration in the decreasing order is R. sativus > S. lycopersicum > Z. mays > L. acutangula > L. siceraria > S. melongena > A. esculentus. Thus, As accumulation is the highest in roots and the lowest in least juicy fruits. The daily dietary intake of As through the consumption of various vegetables was also calculated. Though the mean As concentration was the highest in radish (2.52 mg/kg) but the highest amount of As is being consumed through tomato (0.383 mg/day), which is nearly three times the World Health Organization’s provisional maximum tolerable daily intake limit of 0.126 mg/day for a 60 kg person. High concentration of As in vegetables grown in YFP, Delhi is being reported here. This high contamination is primarily due to the presence of As in irrigation water having its source from coal-based thermal power plants in the vicinity of the area. If not checked properly, it will pose a serious health risk to people living in these densely populated areas surrounding YFP.  相似文献   

Hydrogeology — Problems with solutions     

K. C. Subhash Chandra 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,90(3):378-378

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Hook-shaped type-3 superposed fold in granulite,Badarama complex,Rengali province,India     

Champati  Anil Kanta  Sheikh  Janisar M.  Patel  Suresh Chandra  Naik  Ashutosh  Behera  Duryadhana 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,106(7):2473-2474

International Journal of Earth Sciences -  相似文献   

Investigation of fluoride contamination and its mobility in groundwater of Simlapal block of Bankura district,West Bengal,India     

Sandip Mondal  Subodh Kumar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(22):778

The occurrence of dental/skeletal fluorosis among the people in the study area provided the motivation to assess the distribution, severity and impact of fluoride contamination in groundwater of Bankura district at Simlapal block, West Bengal, India. To meet the desired objective, groundwater samples were collected from different locations of Laxmisagar, Machatora and Kusumkanali regions of Simlapal block at different depths of tube wells in both pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Geochemical results reveal that the groundwaters are mostly moderate- to hard-water type. Of total groundwater samples, 37% are situated mainly in relatively higher elevated region containing fluoride above 1.5 mg/L, indicating that host aquifers are severely affected by fluoride contamination. Machatora region is highly affected by fluoride contamination with maximum elevated concentration of 12.2 mg/L. Several symptoms of fluorosis among the different age-groups of people in Laxmisagar and Machatora areas are indicating consumption of fluoridated water for prolonged period. The groundwater samples were mainly Na–Ca–HCO₃ type and rock dominance indicating the dissolution of minerals taking place. Ion exchange between OH^? ion and F^? ion present in fluoride-bearing mineral is the most dominant mechanism of fluoride leaching. High concentration of Na⁺ and HCO₃ ^? increases the alkalinity of the water, providing a favorable condition for fluoride to leach into groundwater from its host rocks and minerals.  相似文献   

Temporal variation of solar flare index during solar cycles 21–24     

Soumya Roy  Amrita Prasad  Subhash Chandra Panja  Sankar Narayan Patra 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(3):21-33

The present investigation attempts to quantify the temporal variation of Solar Flare Index(SFI)with other activity indices during solar cycles 21-24 by using different techniques such as linear regression,correlation,cross-correlation with phase lag-lead,etc.Different Solar Activity Indices(SAI)considered in this present study are Sunspot Number(SSN),10.7 cm Solar Radio Flux(F10.7),Coronal Index(CI)and MgⅡCore-to-Wing Ratio(MgⅡ).The maximum cycle amplitude of SFI and considered SAI has a decreasing trend from solar cycle 22,and cycle 24 is the weakest solar cycle among all other cycles.The SFI with SSN,F10.7,CI and MgⅡshows hysteresis during all cycles except for solar cycle 22 where both paths for ascending and descending phases are intercepting each other,thereby representing a phase reversal.A positive hysteresis circulation exists between SFI and considered SAI during solar cycles 22 and 23,whereas a negative circulation exists in cycles 21 and 24.SFI has a high positive correlation with coefficient values of 0.92,0.94,0.84 and 0.81 for SSN,F10.7,CI and MgⅡrespectively.According to crosscorrelation analysis,SFI has a phase lag with considered SAI during an odd-number solar cycle(solar cycles21 and 23)but no phase lag/lead during an even-numbered solar cycle(solar cycles 22 and 24).However,the entire smoothed monthly average SFI data indicate an in-phase relationship with SSN,F10.7 and MgⅡ,and a one-month phase lag with CI.The presence of those above characteristics strongly confirms the outcomes of different research work with various solar indices and the highest correlation exists between SFI and SSN as well as F10.7 which establishes that SFI may be considered as one of the prime activity indices to interpret the characteristics of the Sun’s active region as well as for more accurate short-range or long-range forecasting of solar events.  相似文献   

Fossils Explained 83: Diversity of skull morphology in the Titanosauria     

Saurabh Pal 《Geology Today》2023,39(1):31-35

Titanosaurs were a globally distributed group of sauropod dinosaurs. They had diverse forms and a wide-gauge stance, with a few of their species reaching immense sizes, such as Argentinosaurus huinculensis and Patagotitan mayorum (reaching >35 m in length). There are about 100 valid titanosaur species known so far, but most of the originally described species are no longer valid, due to the incomplete nature of fossil materials. Our understanding of titanosaur skull morphology is based on very few incomplete fragmented cranial materials and findings of the complete skull are even rarer. Understanding the skull morphology of extinct animals helps palaeontologists make deductions of feeding mechanisms and also provide an idea about their appearance when they were alive. Diversity in titanosaur skull morphology is greater than that of any other sauropod clade, indicating diversity in feeding mechanism among these dinosaurs. Titanosaurs were the last surviving clade of sauropod dinosaurs, occupying nearly every ecological niche around the world during the Late Cretaceous, and resulting in a rich diversity in this group. This article highlights diversity in the basic structure of sauropods with special emphasis on titanosaur skull morphology.  相似文献