Natural gas plays an important role in the mitigation of climate change, yet its development is constrained by the current natural gas pricing mechanism in China. In the context of the natural gas pricing reform, this paper analyzes the potential effects on price level and total output. Through the input–output model, some conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The gas pricing reform has relatively great impact on the products’ price of the sectors that have large gas consumption, such as industrial sectors and some service sectors, and on the total output of the gas production and supply sectors and the petroleum and natural gas extraction sectors, whereas the reform has relatively small impact on other industries; (2) effects of gas pricing reform on urban and rural residents are dissymmetrical, with larger effects on urban residents and (3) the reform has relatively small impacts on both various price indices and total output levels; thus, the government can realize the promotion of gas pricing reform nationwide at a cost of relatively small increase in general price level and little lose of total output.
降雨是诱发土质边坡失稳的主导因素之一,研究降雨入渗对土质边坡稳定性的影响有着重要意义。以青海西宁盆地黄土边坡为例,结合野外现场试验和室内直剪试验,研究了降雨入渗对坡体含水量和抗剪强度的影响,采用FLAC2D软件模拟分析了降雨前后边坡的应力、位移分布特征,并通过计算安全系数对边坡进行稳定性评价。研究结果表明,雨水入渗150 min内边坡表层土层含水量急剧增加,150 min后其变化趋势逐步变缓,较深层土层含水量随雨水入渗时间呈持续缓慢增加的趋势。对于同一层土体而言,雨水入渗深度随降雨历时的增大而增加,且表层土体中雨水入渗速度先快后慢。表层土体含水量每增加1.01%,其粘聚力减小13.53 k Pa,土体抗剪强度降低16 k Pa,说明土体抗剪强度对含水量的变化极为敏感。二维有限元模拟和分析结果表明,在自重应力作用和雨水入渗条件下,研究区坡脚处出现应力集中现象,且降雨后边坡位移量、应力集中范围及应力大小明显大于降雨前,而降雨后边坡稳定安全系数比降雨前降低了21.6%,说明降雨入渗对边坡的稳定性影响较大。 相似文献
