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Summary The finite-difference method can be used for obtaining the theoretical seismic response of a block structure to an incident plane wave. Computer time is saved by solving an equivalent problem of dynamic loading of the boundary of the block structure. The loading is performed by means of a set of discrete body forces, replacing the incident wave at the interface. 相似文献
34.
Summary The motion of a non-viscous liquid medium with an ideal electrical conductivity, enclosed in the ellipsoidal cavity of an envelope subject to precessional motion, is investigated. Inside the cavity there is a toroidal magnetic field. It is proved that the precessional motion of the envelope generates forced oscillations of the medium with a period of 24 hours and two different types of eigen oscillations. Expressions for computing the amplitudes and frequencies of all types of oscillations are derived. The maximum values of disturbance fields are determined for geophysically acceptable parameters. 相似文献
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Valentí Bosch-Ramon 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,309(1-4):321-331
Microquasar (MQ) jets are sites of particle acceleration and synchrotron emission. Such synchrotron radiation has been detected
coming from jet regions of different spatial scales, which for the instruments at work nowadays appear as compact radio cores,
slightly resolvedradio jets, or (very) extended structures (e.g. Mirabel and Rodríguez, 1999; Fender, 2001; Corbel et al., 2002). Because of the presence of relativistic particles and dense photon, magnetic and matter fields, these outflows are also
the best candidates to generate the very high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays detected coming from two of these objects, LS 5039 and
LS I +61 303 (Aharonian, 2005; Aharonian et al., 2006a; and Albert, 2006, respectively), and may be contributing significantly to the X-rays emitted from the MQ core (e.g. Markoff et al., 2001; Bosch-Ramon et al., 2005a). In addition, beside electromagnetic radiation, jets at different scales are producing some amount of leptonic and hadronic
cosmic rays (CR), and evidences of neutrino production in these objects may be eventually found. In this work, we review on
the different physical processes that may be at work in or related to MQ jets. The jet regions capable to produce significant
amounts of emission at different wavelengths have been reduced to the jet base, the jet at scales of the order of the size
of the system orbital semi-major axis, the jet middle scales (the resolved radio jets), and the jet termination point. The
surroundings of the jet could be sites of multiwavelength emission as well, deserving also an insight. We focus on those scenarios,
either hadronic or leptonic, in which it seems more plausible to generate both photons from radio to VHE and high-energy neutrinos.
We briefly comment as well on the relevance of MQ as possible contributors to the galactic CR in the GeV–PeV range. 相似文献
37.
Diego F. Torres Shu Zhang Olaf Reimer Xavier Barcons Amalia Corral Valentí Bosch-Ramon Josep M. Paredes Gustavo E. Romero Jin Qu Werner Collmar Volker Schönfelder Yousaf Butt 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,309(1-4):17-21
The COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J 1411-64 was observed by INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton in 2005. The Circinus Galaxy is the
only source detected within the 4σ location error of GRO J1411-64, but in here excluded as the possible counterpart. At soft X-rays, 22 reliable and statistically
significant sources (likelihood >10) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6-635932,
is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the
COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. At the best location of the source,
detections at hard X-rays show only upper limits, which, together with MeV results obtained by COMPTEL suggest the existence
of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300–700 keV for the so-called low state. Such a spectrum resembles those
in blazars or microquasars, and might suggest at work by the models accordingly. However, an analysis using a microquasar
model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons, shows that it is hard to comply with all
observational constrains. This fact and the non-detection at hard X-rays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the
physical reality of this source, what is discussed here. 相似文献
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We calculate NLTE models of stellar winds of hot compact stars (central stars of planetary nebulae and subdwarf stars). The studied range of subdwarf parameters is selected to cover a large part of these stars. The models predict the wind hydrodynamical structure and provide mass-loss rates for different abundances. Our models show that CNO elements are important drivers of subdwarf winds, especially for low-luminosity stars. We study the effect of X-rays and instabilities on these winds. Due to the line-driven wind instability, a significant part of the wind could be very hot. 相似文献
40.
Marc Pons Peter A Johnson Martí Rosas Eric Jover 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(12):2474-2494
One main argument for modeling socio-ecological systems is to advance the understanding of dynamic correlations between various human and environmental factors, including impacts and responses to environmental change. We explore the shift in skier distribution among ski resorts taking into account the behavioral adaptation of individuals due to the impact of climate change on snow conditions. This analysis is performed at a regional scale by means of a coupled gravity and georeferenced agent-based model. Four different scenarios are considered. Two scenarios assume an increase of winter mean temperature of +2°C and +4°C, respectively, taking into account only natural snow conditions. Two additional scenarios add the effect of snowmaking to enhance the natural snow depth and extend the skiing season in the +2°C and +4°C base scenarios. Results show differing vulnerability levels, allowing the classification of ski resorts into three distinct groups: (1) highly vulnerable ski resorts with a strong reduction in visitors attendance for all climate change scenarios, characterized by unfavorable geographical and attractiveness conditions, making it difficult to ensure snow availability in the future; (2) low vulnerability ski resorts, with moderate reduction in season length during a high climate change scenario but no reduction (or even an increase) in a low one, characterized by ski resorts with a medium capacity and attractiveness to ensure enough snow conditions and capture skiers from other ski resorts; and (3) resilient ski resorts, with good conditions to ensure future snow-reliable seasons and outstanding attractiveness, allowing them to offer longer ski seasons than their competitors and potentially attracting skiers from other closed or marginal resorts. Ski resorts included in this last group increase their skier attendance in all climate change scenarios. Although similar studies in the literature foretell a significant reduction of the ski market in the near future, another probable effect outlined in this study is a redefinition of this market due to a redistribution of skiers, from vulnerable ski resorts to more resilient ones. 相似文献