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1.
随着北京2022年冬奥会及冬残奥会的成功举办,“三亿人参与冰雪运动”成为现实,有效带动了中国滑雪场建设和发展。后冬奥时代,如何推动中国滑雪场从量升到质变成为重要议题。为有效回答从“量”到“质”转变的问题,需针对滑雪场构建科学合理的综合评价体系。基于空间活力概念,从场所、活动和人的交互联系出发,提出滑雪场吸引力、滑雪活动活跃度和滑雪者体验感3项测度指标,采用层次分析法和熵权法构建复合视角下的滑雪场空间活力评价体系和框架;利用统计、位置、客流、用户评分等多源数据,通过时间序列波动率模型、核密度分析、可达性计算模型和信息熵等方法分析中国滑雪场空间活力特征。结果表明：(1)中国滑雪场吸引力、滑雪活动活跃度、滑雪者体验感空间分异特征明显,分别呈现京冀和广东省“双核”引领、北高南低、东高西低的分布特征;(2)中国滑雪场空间活力呈高值集聚,低值分散的空间分异特征,其中高活力滑雪场主要集中在北京-张家口、吉林省、新疆阿勒泰三大区域,而低活力滑雪场呈全国分散性分布;(3)中国滑雪场平均空间活力位列前五的省/直辖市为北京市、河北省、广东省、吉林省和辽宁省,而江苏省、安徽省、江西省、浙江省和湖北省的滑雪场平... 相似文献
2.
Starting from the skill characteristics of ski tourism, this paper discusses the impact of consumer skill on travel decisions, and the moderating effect of the ski resort’s comprehensive leisure environment (including the ski resort sports environment and the regional cultural tourism environment), in order to both understand their impacts on the travel distance characteristics of skiers and attempt to provide necessary research support for the development of China’s ski industry and the construction of destinations. Based on the data from multi-period visitor surveys, this paper constructs the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment. The results show three main characteristics. (1) The travel radius obviously differs among skiers with different skill levels. The skill level of skiers has a significant positive effect on the larger travel radius, and a significant negative effect on the smaller travel radius. That is, skiers with a higher skill level are more inclined to undertake long-distance skiing travel, while skiers with a lower skill level are more inclined to undertake short-distance skiing travel. (2) The comprehensive leisure environment has a significant moderating effect on the skiers’ travel radius, with a significant positive impact on enlarging the travel radius, while the influences on high-skill and low-skill skiers are significantly higher than on middle-skill skiers. (3) In the comprehensive leisure environment, there are differences in the moderating effect of the ski resort sports environment and the regional cultural tourism environment on the skiers travel radius, and the positive moderating effect of the ski resort sports environment on the high-skill skiers’ travel radius is more obvious. While the regional cultural tourism environment has a more obvious positive moderating effect on the travel radius of non-skiers and junior skiers, it is more conducive to promoting domestic travel. In general, the skier skill level in China was generally lower, and the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment optimization is conducive to overcoming the limitation of the travel radius caused by the disadvantageous skill level of consumers. However, to promote the development of China’s ski industry in the long run, it is necessary to focus on improving the consumer’s ski skill level, but prevent the risk of losing high-skill consumers overseas. In the course of improving the level of domestic ski sports facilities, we should also focus on the domestic leisure cultural tourism environment to better enhance the attractiveness of domestic ski destinations. 相似文献
3.
In this study temporal trends of 14 climate and snow parameters related to ski conditions were analyzed for 11 ski stations located in the central Pyrenees (Spain and Andorra). We also investigated whether there was a temporal association for the analyzed parameters, such that the occurrence in a particular year of good (or bad) climate or snow conditions as represented by one parameter was similarly reflected by the other parameters. The lack of reliable climate and snow measurements was overcome by the use of simulated climate data retrieved from a high resolution hindcast simulation available for the period 1960–2006. These data were also used as inputs for an energy and mass snow energy model to obtain snow series. The results showed trends in ski reliability parameters for the 1960–2006 period. The number of days having a snowpack deeper than 30 cm and 100 cm showed declines at low and mid altitudes. The start of the ski season appears progressively delayed for all stations, and the ski season shortened. The frequency of rainy days increased at 3 stations and decreased at 8, while the frequency of days having heavy snowfall increased at 8 stations and declined at 3. Days having potential for snowmaking declined at all stations. The number of days having a wind-chill < −20 °C also decreased markedly, as overall did the number of days having a wind speed greater than 80th percentile. The main findings from the assessment of temporal associations between climate and snow parameters were positive correlations between snow depth and windy conditions. Seasons having a higher frequency of very cold days had a lower frequency of heavy snowfall and rainy days. Thus, the adverse effects on the ski industry of lesser snow availability may have been partially negated by the occurrence of fewer days of closure because of high winds, or other adverse meteorological factors. 相似文献
4.
中国滑雪场空间分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
滑雪场是冰雪运动的空间载体和冰雪产业赖以发展的重要依托。研究滑雪场的空间分布特征及其影响因素,对冰雪产业发展具有重要意义。以中国770家滑雪场作为研究对象,运用最邻近指数、不均衡指数、核密度分析等方法对滑雪场的空间分布特征进行分析,在此基础上构建地理加权回归模型探究其空间分布的影响因素。研究发现：① 中国滑雪场主要分布在黑龙江、山东、新疆、河北等北方地区,在空间分布上属于聚类分布型,具有聚集性和不均衡性的分布特征;② 已形成以哈尔滨为中心的黑龙江高密度区和以北京为中心的京津冀高密度区,以及以长治为中心的晋冀豫次级高密度区;③ 地形、气温、经济、城市、交通因素对滑雪场影响的空间差异性显著,包括正负值差异和高低值差异;④ 自然因素和社会因素对滑雪场空间分布的影响程度呈现出一定的内部差异性,其中自然因素产生的空间差异性更大,社会因素对滑雪场空间分布的影响具有一致性,整体呈正相关,且主要作用于北方地区的滑雪场。 相似文献
5.
滑雪场空间分布特征、集聚演变状况与分布方向性变化深刻影响着中国滑雪旅游乃至冰雪产业的发展。运用地统计学空间分析原理,通过最邻近指数分析、空间自相关分析、核密度分析、标准差椭圆及平均中心分析,对1990年前后每10 a 中国滑雪场空间特征及其演变规律进行了综合分析。结果显示：① 1990年之前,仅在黑龙江和吉林省有7家滑雪场,且分布较为离散。② 1990—1999年,滑雪场数量呈小幅增长,空间上出现向新疆、河北和四川扩散的现象。③ 2000—2009年,滑雪场增速较快,并形成了以哈尔滨?牡丹江、北京?张家口两地区为核心的滑雪场双核驱动模式。④ 2010—2019年,是滑雪场数量增速最快的10 a,期间新增滑雪场522家,并在双核驱动模式基础上,逐步形成了以长白山、燕山–太行山为主要条带的联通南北的滑雪场空间结构。总体上,近30 a中国滑雪场呈现出了“南展西扩东进”的空间演变特征。该研究结果对于未来中国滑雪场空间布局、优化及其区域间的协调发展具有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献
6.
The skiing economy is a typical experience economy, so understanding the experience of ski tourists is essential to the development of the destination. To enrich the tourism experience research in the emerging ski market, this paper studies the 7118 online reviews of beginner skiers by selecting the main ski resorts in China as a case study. The content analysis method and sentiment analysis based on the domain lexicon and custom rules are combined to explore the perception characteristics of the beginners from the two aspects of experience dimension and experience satisfaction. Three main results were found. (1) The five main dimensions that affect the ski tourism experience of beginners are interaction perception, price perception, reputation perception, risk perception and functional perception. (2) For beginners, skiing is the primary purpose of tourism instead of being the critical factor of the positive reviews. They pay more attention to the pleasure produced by interpersonal interactions. (3) From 2014/2015 ski season to 2010/2021 ski season, the positive sentiment of beginners had no obvious change, while the negative sentiment showed a continuous downward trend, and the negative sentiment was mainly distributed among reviews on price, low temperature and service. This paper not only expands the research perspective of ski tourism, but also provides managerial inspiration for ski destinations interested in attracting beginners from the emerging ski markets. 相似文献
7.
中国滑雪场可达性及市场潜力测度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用可达性分析方法与潜力模型对中国滑雪场空间分布格局与市场潜力进行了系统分析,全面认识了滑雪场在交通可达性方面的优劣势,并针对不同区域提出了相应的发展或改进方向。研究表明：中国滑雪场距离城市中心的平均最短旅行时间为1.24 h,南方可达性普遍较差,北方同一城市内部差异较大。全国各城市到达某一滑雪场的最短时间呈圈层式分布,可达性最好的区域在河南,最差的区域在新疆。北京与重庆凭借发达的经济、众多的人口与较好的可达性,成为滑雪旅游市场潜力最大的城市,黑龙江、天津、河北、山东四省市场潜力次之。该研究可为旅游者滑雪旅游目的地选择提供参考,也可为滑雪场规划建设提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
北京冬奥会的成功申办和举办推动了国内冰雪旅游产业和研究的快速发展。作为冰雪旅游产业核心地域载体的滑雪度假区亦日益受到关注。尤其是,滑雪度假区属性的结构维度识别及其影响评估成为冰雪旅游研究和实践的热点。本文遵循情感地理学关注人、情感与地方互动关系的研究传统,以新疆丝绸之路国际度假区和吉林长白山国际度假区为样本采集地,借由量表开发与验证流程,从度假游客感知视角识别滑雪度假区属性的结构维度,并检验它们对滑雪度假游客体验的影响。研究结论如下：(1)识别了滑雪度假区属性的结构维度（15个）,并开发、验证了滑雪度假区属性量表（59个测项）;(2)滑雪度假区的气候和自然环境、雪道、娱乐、工作人员和人文环境对度假游客体验有显著影响;(3)积极情绪、沉浸体验、难忘的旅游体验和满意度在滑雪度假区属性与游客重游意向、口碑推荐意向的关系中起中介作用。本文为与滑雪度假区属性相关的后续研究提供了可操作的理论框架和测量工具,并深化了对滑雪度假情境下人、情感与地方互动关系的理解。 相似文献
9.
Ski resorts are one of the bases for the development of ice-snow sports and tourism, and they are also a hot topic of social concern. Taking 117 ski resorts in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei as the research object, geospatial analysis methods such as kernel density and spatial autocorrelation were used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the ski resorts. The geographic detector was used to deeply explore the underlying factors influencing the spatial and temporal distribution of ski resorts in terms of policy factors, natural factors and economic and social factors. This study found that the spatial and temporal distribution of ski resorts in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region showed a significant Olympic event-driven characteristic. From 2009 to 2021, the spatial pattern of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resorts has changed from “single-core development”, to a “single-core with multi-point” layout, and then to a “multi-core” layout. The spatial pattern has changed from agglomeration to diffusion. Cold and hot spots of the spatial and temporal characteristics in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resort have shifted from north to south, from the initial suburbs of Beijing to the southern cities of Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai and other cities in Hebei Province. The spatial and temporal distribution of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resorts has been influenced by many factors, from “GDP per capita” to “population density” to “policy quantity”, showing a shift from “Economic-driven” to “population-driven” to “policy-driven” processes. 相似文献
10.
Snow cover is one of the most important factors controlling microclimate and plant growing conditions for Arctic and alpine ecosystems. Climate change is altering snowfall regimes, which in turn influences snow cover and ultimately tundra plant communities. The interest in winter climate change and the number of experiments exploring the responses of alpine and Arctic ecosystems to changes in snow cover have been growing in recent years, but their outcomes are difficult to summarize because of the large variability in manipulation approaches, extents and measured response variables. In this review, we (1) compile the ecological publications on snow manipulation experiments, (2) classify the studies according to the climate scenarios they simulate and response variables they measure, (3) discuss the methods applied to manipulate snow cover, and (4) analyse and generalize the response in phenology, productivity and community composition by means of a meta-analysis. This meta-analysis shows that flowering phenology responded strongly to changes in the timing of snowmelt. The least responsive group of species were graminoids; however, they did show a decrease in productivity and abundance with experimentally increased snow covers. The species group with the greatest phenological response to snowmelt changes were the dwarf shrubs. Their abundance also increased in most long-term snow fence experiments, whereas species richness generally declined. We conclude that snow manipulation experiments can improve our understanding of recently observed ecosystem changes, and are an important component of climate change research. 相似文献
11.
积雪资源深刻影响着滑雪旅游的发展与布局,刻画中国积雪资源时空特征,识别旅游开发关键区,对中国冰雪旅游高质量发展具有重要意义。本文通过Mann-Kendall突变检验、热点分析、重要-感知实绩分析（IPA）等方法刻画中国1979—2020年积雪资源时空演变特征,构建资源稳定性-旅游开发适宜性指标体系,识别中国滑雪旅游开发关键区。结果表明：(1)中国积雪资源过去40年变化可划为3个阶段,1980—1995年（Ⅰ）积雪资源下降,1995—2010年（Ⅱ）增加,2010—2020年（Ⅲ）下降。在空间上,变化面积呈现Ⅰ-Ⅱ（33.2%）>Ⅱ-Ⅲ（31.1%）>Ⅰ-Ⅲ（29.3%）的特征;(2)中国积雪资源在月尺度上,1—3月（Ⅰ）积雪资源基本维持稳定,3—10月（Ⅱ）显著下降,10—12月（Ⅲ）恢复。在空间上,变化面积呈Ⅰ-Ⅲ（30.3%）>Ⅱ-Ⅲ（28.3%）>Ⅰ-Ⅱ（26.8%）的变化规律;(3)中国境内滑雪旅游开发极关键区面积占比为4.90%、关键区为11.69%、一般区为31.57%、不关键区为25.73%、极不关键区为26.11%,总体来看中国境内85%的区域不... 相似文献
12.
The global ski tourism market has been in a relatively mature period. However, passenger flows are stagnating in many countries and the growth perspectives are not very appealing. This change of the tourism market troubled the entire ski industry with new challenges, leading to the ski tourism industry model established in the 20th century failing to meet the current development needs. According to multiple data sources, including relevant industry reports and the latest data from internetm, this article based on a variety of these reports and the latest data from website, analyzed the ski tourism market’s both sides of supply and demand, systematically summarized the evolution of ski tourism industry since the 21st century, discussed the process of the ski tourism industry’s development and the economy’s growth, and revealed the relationship between the influencing factors of ski tourism market’s potentials. Meanwhile, the main problems and challenges in the ski market were also summarized. The results showed that global ski tourism had entered a mature stage since the beginning of 2000. Moreover, there was a specific correlation between skiing participation rate and GDP, which varied with the regional economic level and the maturity degree of skiing industry. Despite some impacts from COVID-19, the ski industry in most regions exhibited signs of recovery in 2021. The Winter Olympic Games in China have brought new opportunities to the skiing industry and have been expected to encourage global participation in skiing. However, some existing ski resorts in different countries and regions may not significantly contribute to the future development of global ski tourism, and the potential growth of ski tourism market might be small and mainly concentrated in China. At present, the biggest threat to the ski market is baby boomers having long been the bulk of ski resort visitors. The ski market is faced with this aging problem and the widespread phenomenon of ski culture fault. How to meet the needs of this new generation of customers who lack ski backgrounds or cultures is a severe challenge for all emerging and existing ski resorts around the world. Besides, public transport accessibility, service quality and resorts operation capacity have also been the improvement direction of the ski market in dire need. 相似文献
13.
In this study, the spatial distribution and changing trends of agricultural heat and precipitation resources in Northeast China were analyzed to explore the impacts of future climate changes on agroclimatic resources in the region. This research is based on the output meteorological data from the regional climate model system for Northeast China from 2005 to 2099, under low and high radiative forcing scenarios RCP4.5 (low emission scenario) and RCP8.5 (high emission scenario) as proposed in IPCC AR5. Model outputs under the baseline scenario, and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were assimilated with observed data from 91 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2010 to perform the analyses. The results indicate that: (1) The spatial distribution of temperature decreases from south to north, and the temperature is projected to increase in all regions, especially under a high emission scenario. The average annual temperature under the baseline scenario is 7.70°C, and the average annual temperatures under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are 9.67°C and 10.66°C, respectively. Other agricultural heat resources change in accordance with temperature changes. Specifically, the first day with temperatures ≥10°C arrives 3 to 4 d earlier, the first frost date is delayed by 2 to 6 d, and the duration of the growing season is lengthened by 4 to 10 d, and the accumulated temperature increases by 400 to 700°C·d. Water resources exhibit slight but not significant increases. (2) While the historical temperature increase rate is 0.35°C/10a, the rate of future temperature increase is the highest under the RCP8.5 scenario at 0.48°C/10a, compared to 0.19°C/10a under the RCP4.5 scenario. In the later part of this century, the trend of temperature increase is significantly faster under the RCP8.5 scenario than under the RCP4.5 scenario, with faster increases in the northern region. Other agricultural heat resources exhibit similar trends as temperature, but with different specific spatial distributions. Precipitation in the growing season generally shows an increasing but insignificant trend in the future, with relatively large yearly fluctuations. Precipitation in the eastern region is projected to increase, while a decrease is expected in the western region. The future climate in Northeast China will change towards higher temperature and humidity. The heat resource will increase globally, however its disparity with the change in precipitation may negatively affect agricultural activities. 相似文献
14.
Rice is the main food crop in densely populated Bangladesh. Regional climatic variations can play an important role in rice productivity. For example, excessive heat or extremely cool conditions disrupt normal plant physiological processes and cause plant injury which, in turn, results in reduction of yield. In this study, the climatic crop productivity model YIELD has been applied to calculate rice productivity for the boro rice growing season (December/January-May) in Bangladesh under changing climatic conditions. The model estimates climatic influences on various rice plant-growth parameters. YIELD was tuned and validated to Bangladesh's environment to represent appropriate agroecological conditions. The model was run using long-term average climate data of 12 meteorological stations located in the major rice-growing regions in Bangladesh to establish baseline estimates of yield. For the climate change study, 20 scenarios were created by synthetically fluctuating thermal and solar climates in Bangladesh. Study results show that per 1° C increase in growing season mean air temperature, boro rice yield was reduced by 4.6%. It was also found that each 10% increase in incident solar radiation resulted in a 6.5% increase of boro rice yield in Bangladesh. 相似文献
15.
冰雪是一种自然现象,也是一种宝贵的旅游资源,已经衍生为全球旅游业中的重要业态。冰雪旅游在欧美发达国家兴起和发展,后逐渐扩展到全球,一直以来备受学界和业界关注。本研究以Web of Science为数据库,对相关文献进行系统整理和阅读,以定性和定量相结合的方式对国际冰雪旅游研究的研究分布、研究热点、研究趋势和主要议题进行深入剖析,以期为后续研究提供借鉴和参考。研究发现：(1) 1988年以来国际冰雪旅游相关文献数量持续攀升,研究者和机构主要集中在欧美冰雪产业发达的国家,但中国正在快速崛起。(2)国际冰雪旅游研究热点呈现一定的阶段性,初始阶段侧重于探讨“滑雪伤害”,后随着全球气候变暖趋势明显,使得“气候变化”相关主题成为关注热点且延续至今,近些年冰雪旅游产业可持续发展、冰雪旅游产品供给、冰雪赛事等一批视角创新、尺度微观的研究涌现。(3)国际冰雪旅游研究主要围绕“自然影响”“游客体验”和“产业发展”3个话题展开。最后,本研究分析了国际冰雪旅游研究对中国的启示,从研究尺度、研究视角、研究方法和研究价值等方面指出中国冰雪旅游研究的方向。 相似文献
16.
Potential distributional changes of invasive crop pest species associated with global climate change
This study investigated the potential global distributional shifts of poikilothermic invasive crop pest species associated with climate change, aiming to understand if their overall global distributions will expand or contract, and how the species distributions will vary across different regions. An ecological niche modelling analysis was conducted for 76 species. The potential distributional changes of the species in 2050 and 2070 were scrutinized for two climate change scenarios, which were further examined across different temperature and precipitation ranges. Results showed that averages of the mean probabilities of presence of the 76 crop pest species were predicted to increase. Higher species turnovers were predicted mostly to occur in areas with increasing predicted species richness. Lower species turnovers, however, were predicted mostly to occur in areas with decreasing predicted species richness. Species richness increases were predicted to occur more often in currently lower temperature (annual mean temperature approximately < 21 °C) or lower precipitation (annual precipitation approximately < 1100 mm) regions. Areas with the current annual mean temperatures at around 27 °C and 7.5 °C, respectively, were predicted to experience the highest decrease and increase in species richness as the climate warms. In conclusion, climate change is likely to expand the pest species’ overall distribution across the globe. It could have more profound impacts on the species distributions of those regions where species richness increases are expected, by altering the species’ community compositions. 相似文献
17.
Snow Accumulation on a Small High‐Arctic Glacier Svenbreen: Variability and Topographic Controls 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jakub Małecki 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(4):809-817
One of the main controls on the net mass change of land‐terminating Arctic glaciers is the magnitude and distribution of snow accumulation. In Dickson Land, region of Svalbard with the greatest distance to the sea, the issue has not been receiving much scientific attention for decades. In this paper, new snow accumulation data are presented from Svenbreen in Dickson Land from end‐of‐winter surveys. The measured winter balance was 0.42 ± 0.15 m w.e. in 2010, 0.50 ± 0.10 m w.e. in 2011 and 0.62 ± 0.10 cm w.e. in 2012. Snow depth and water equivalent have been analysed in the background of altitude, slope and aspect extracted from the digital elevation model of the glacier. On steep northern slopes (>15°) accumulation was the highest, whereas it was decreased on southern slopes with moderate inclination (9–12°). Elevation, which on many glaciers proved to be highly correlated with snow depth, explained only 17–34% of snow depth variability due to complex interplay between local climate and geometry of a small valley. 相似文献
18.
We examine some issues related to a classification of climates. A climatic regionalization has been carried out, and a brief characteristic given to the identified types of climate. It has been found that the relationship of the sums of mean daily ground air temperatures above 10 °C and the dryness index show a clearly pronounced zonal distribution. The combination of sums of mean daily air temperatures below ?10 °C and the depth of snow in the northern part of the plain is characterized by a horizontal distribution, and only in the middle and southern parts of the plain do these indices acquire zonal regularities. An analysis is made of the long-term dynamics of air temperature to reveal that some climate warming during 1981–2010 was mainly caused by a rise in winter air temperature. 相似文献
19.
R.G.W. Ward 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1984,4(2):109-133
The paper presents a method for predicting avalanche activity from meteorological data which is suitable for Scottish snow conditions. Two main types of avalanche are distinguished. Direct-action avalanches are the result of fresh snow accumulation and may release after approximately 200 mm of fresh snow has fallen over a period of a few days. They become extremely likely if a further 100 mm falls in a single day. Climax avalanches are the result of strength loss in the snow cover, due either to thawing or persistent cold. Thaws may produce an avalanche after only three or four days with maximum temperatures around 2°C. Alternatively, if maximum temperatures remain below ?4°C for over a week, and especially if cold weather persists for two weeks, slab avalanches of dry snow are likely to occur. Between these two types are several possible avalanche situations in which fresh snow accumulation is combined with high or low temperatures. Topography plays a passive role, and determines where avalanche activity is most likely. Free faces, smooth surfaces and slopes in the lee of major storms respond most rapidly to the onset of avalanche conditions. 相似文献
20.
运用文献资料、问卷调查和数理统计、应用因子分析方法,结合北京区域滑雪场空间分布情况,对比居民冰雪运动参与倾向和频率,发现北京区域居民参与冰雪运动及消费的主要影响因素为性别、年龄、距离、收入水平和政策红利;分析得出雪场密度和区域经济水平、性别等对参与冰雪运动消费特征的影响。归纳4个主要影响北京区域居民参与冰雪运动的公共因子,分别是冰雪运动基础因子、冰雪运动信息因子、冰雪运动距离因子以及冰雪运动友谊因子。提出不断提升冰雪运动产品服务质量,出台鼓励性冰雪运动消费政策,完善冰雪运动消费环境,创新冰雪运动消费内容,逐步扩大冰雪消费规模等建议。 相似文献