高性能计算系统性能评测方法及其应用          下载免费PDF全文

魏敏  孙婧  沈瑜  肖华东  李娟 《应用气象学报》2013,24(6):753-760

为满足国家级气象数值模式业务系统对高性能计算资源不断增长的需求,提供规模更大、性能更优的高性能计算支撑平台,在高性能计算系统引进工作中开展了基于气象数值模式应用的高性能计算系统性能评测技术研究。该文将行业标准与实际业务应用相结合,设计了高性能计算系统性能评测方案,建立了中国气象局气象行业高性能计算系统性能评测模型。共选取10个测试程序,分别对单节点性能、网络性能和加速比等8个指标进行了测试和量化评分,并对主要测试结果中具有代表性的气象要素场进行了物理意义合理性检查。评测结果表明:评测方案设计合理,评测模型研究取得较好效果,保障了高性能计算系统引进工作顺利完成。  相似文献   

省级气象宽带网可靠性设计          下载免费PDF全文

陈晓宇  张永华  吴兆雄  王佳  孙鹏 《应用气象学报》2013,24(6):761-768

气象业务的发展和社会需求的增长,对广域宽带网络系统提出更高要求,不但要求传输的数据量大,时效性强,而且要求其可靠性高。目前各省级气象局的宽带网可靠性设计,大都采用降级备份,无法做到双链路自动切换、无缝备份,难以满足气象业务7×24 h从不间断的实际需求,网络可靠性有待进一步提高。该文提出一种基于双向转发检测 (BFD) 和策略路由技术的网络可靠性设计方案,应用该方案不仅使网络结构和带宽有大幅提升,还能实现业务分流、链路冗余和故障自动切换,提高气象宽带网的可靠性水平。该方案经严格测试后,已依托广东省气象宽带网得以实现并投入业务运行,效果良好。同时,该设计对其他省级气象网络建设有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

陕北北部一次雹暴的特征及成因          下载免费PDF全文

井宇  陈闯  陈宁  黄少妮  万红卫  艾丽华  井喜 《陕西气象》2013,(4):6-11

本文从分析天气形势、物理量场特征、自动站逐时资料变化特征等人手,对2012年7月8日一9日临汾市局部暴雨天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：（1）此次降水过程是在西风槽东移,副高西进北抬有利的环流背景下产生的。700hPa中尺度低压和低层辐合线以及东路冷空气是本过程的主要触发系统。（2）降水过程中边界层出现了明显的中尺度辐合线和切变线以及低涡环流,短时强降水与小尺度的低涡环流相对应。（3）物理量场上,降雨前期暴雨区有强的上升运动、较高的能量积累和层结不稳定,但低层辐合很弱,中低层湿度只在某层次上达到饱和。  相似文献   

山西省煤矿采空地下空间评估与再利用研究     

孙莹洁 《地质与勘探》2024,60(1):42-51

山西省煤炭资源丰富,年煤炭产量占全国产量的近1/4,煤炭资源开采形成大量的采空地下空间。随着碳中和目标的提出和山西风电、光伏发电的大力发展,如何合理利用煤矿采空地下空间,尤其是将地下空间与新能源结合将成为煤炭产业低碳发展的关键。本次研究运用比例系数法和采空地下空间守恒定律,测算出2022年山西省开采煤矿井巷可利用空间为1.54亿m3,“十五”到“十三五”期间关闭/退出煤矿的井巷可利用空间为1.05亿m3,估算1949至2021年山西省煤矿因工作面开采形成的采空地下空间约38.98亿m3,预测到2030年山西省煤矿工作面开采还可形成采空地下空间约19.56亿m3。根据山西省能源低碳发展需求提出了山西省煤矿采空地下空间未来可利用的四种模式：煤矿地下旅游或地下仓储、煤矿地下抽水蓄能、煤矿地下压缩空气储能和煤矿地下封存二氧化碳等。  相似文献   

1990—2012年浙江省台风灾害的自然属性与社会属性特征     

张建忠  张永恒  严洌娜  孙国栋  章国材 《气象与减灾研究》2013,(4):49-54

利用1990—2012年影响浙江省的41个台风统计资料,分析了浙江省台风灾害成因中自然属性和社会属性特征。结果表明,台风导致的灾害程度与其带来的风雨潮密切相关,其中平均降雨量、降雨量极值与直接经济损失的相关系数分别为0.509 6和0.584 1。当台风登陆中心附近最大风速达到30 m/s及以上时,灾害程度会明显加重。准确及时的气象监测预报服务是防御台风最重要的依据。倒塌房屋数量与死亡人数密切相关,相关系数达到了0.862 5。防汛抗台设施的高标准建设有效减轻了台风的灾害损失。2000年以来,浙江省台风灾害导致的直接经济损失占本省国内生产总值比例呈现下降趋势。政府防御指挥水平是减轻灾害的重要保障,其中,转移人口等防灾措施有效减少了人员伤亡。  相似文献   

Impacts of increased variability in precipitation and air temperature on net primary productivity of the Tibetan Plateau: a modeling analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jian-Sheng Ye  James F. Reynolds  Guo-Jun Sun  Feng-Min Li 《Climatic change》2013,119(2):321-332

We analyzed interannual variability (IAV) of precipitation and air temperature over a 40-year period (1969–2008) for 11 sites along a precipitation gradient on the Tibetan Plateau. The observed IAV for both precipitation and air temperature decreases with increasing mean annual precipitation. Using Biome-BGC, a process-based ecosystem model, we simulated net primary production (NPP) along this gradient and find that the IAV of NPP is positively correlated to the IAV of precipitation and temperature. Following projected climate change scenarios for the Tibetan Plateau, our simulations suggest that with increasing IAV of precipitation and temperature, the IAV of NPP will also increase and that climate thresholds exist that, if surpassed, lead to ecosystem die-off. The impacts of these changes on ecosystem processes and climate-vegetation feedbacks on the rapidly warming Tibetan Plateau are potentially quite significant.  相似文献   

Design of agricultural insurance policy for tea tree freezing damage in Zhejiang Province, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Weiping Lou  Shanlei Sun 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,111(3-4):713-728

This paper proposes a method to design freezing damage policy-based agricultural insurance contracts for tea trees (an economic crop) in the Zhejiang Province of China, using a weather index. Data of economic losses caused by freezing damage, and the beginning dates of tea plucking (BDTP) from the Agricultural Bureau of each county in Zhejiang Province and tea planters, and meteorological observations were collected to establish the prediction model for BDTP, and to determine the relationship between economic loss rates caused by freezing damage at or before BDTP, and the minimum temperatures for “Wuniuzao,” “Longjing-43,” and “Jiukeng” teas. Based on the information diffusion theoretical model, occurrence probabilities of BDTP from 1 February to 20 April and lower temperatures at different levels are calculated. Then, the insurance premium rates of the three tea tree species can be estimated. Lastly, the tea tree freezing damage insurance contracts are designed, combining the advantages of regional yield-based index insurance and weather-based index insurance.  相似文献   

Effects of climate change on annual streamflow using climate elasticity in Poyang Lake Basin, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shanlei Sun  Haishan Chen  Weimin Ju  Jie Song  Hao Zhang  Jie Sun  Yujie Fang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(1-2):169-183

Hydrological processes depend directly on climate conditions [e.g., precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PE)] based on the water balance. This paper examines streamflow datasets at four hydrological stations and meteorological observations at 79 weather stations to reveal the streamflow changes and underlying drivers in four typical watersheds (Meigang, Saitang, Gaosha, and Xiashan) within Poyang Lake Basin from 1961 to 2000. Most of the less than 90th percentile of daily streamflow in each watershed increases significantly at different rates. As an important indicator of the seasonal changes in the streamflow, CT (the timing of the mass center of the streamflow) in each watershed shows a negligible change. The annual streamflow in each watershed increases at different rates, with a statistically significant trend (at the 5 % level) of 9.87 and 7.72 mm year^?1, respectively, in Meigang and Gaosha watersheds. Given the existence of interactions between precipitation and PE, the original climate elasticity of streamflow can not reflect the relationship of streamflow with precipitation and PE effectively. We modify this method and find the modified climate elasticity to be more accurate and reasonable using the correlation analysis. The analyses from the modified climate elasticity in the four watersheds show that a 10 % increase (decrease) in precipitation will increase (decrease) the annual streamflow by 14.1–16.3 %, while a 10 % increase (decrease) in PE will decrease (increase) the annual streamflow by ?10.2 to ?2.1 %. In addition, the modified climate elasticity is applied to estimate the contribution of annual precipitation and PE to the increasing annual streamflow in each watershed over the past 40 years. Our result suggests that the percentage attribution of the increasing precipitation is more than 59 % and the decreasing in PE is less than 41 %, indicating that the increasing precipitation is the major driving factor for the annual streamflow increase for each watershed.  相似文献   

Changes in pick beginning date and frost damage risk of tea tree in Longjing tea-producing area     

Weiping Lou  Ke Sun  Shanlei Sun  Fenghua Ma  Dongfang Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(1-2):115-123

We analyze the pick beginning date and frost damage risk trends of Jiukeng, Longjing-43, and Wuniuzao tea trees with time, using meteorological data from 12 station pairs over the period 1971–2010 in the Longjing tea-producing area. The pick beginning date of Jiukeng, Longjing-43, and Wuniuzao varieties had no statistically significant trends before 1990. The pick beginning date of Jiukeng variety had statistically significant decreasing trends after 1990, and there were no statistically significant trends in the start date after 1990 for Longjing-43 and Wuniuzao varieties. The average pick beginning dates of Longjing-43 and Wuniuzao varieties before 1990 are later than those after 1990 by 3.8–4.8 and 2.0–3.1 days, respectively. We used the trend of difference between beginning date of tea plucking (BDTP) and 0 °C terminal date to analyze frost damage risk trends. Eleven counties had no statistically significant frost damage risk trends for Jiukeng, Longjing-43, and Wuniuzao varieties, leaving only one county with statistically significant trends.  相似文献   

网络数字雹雨分测仪技术试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙玉稳  孙霞  侯正俊  石安英  周少科 《气象科技》2013,41(2):264-269

介绍了网络数字雹雨分测仪的传感器结构和工作原理:利用浮力定律,翻斗计量,微机记录,网络传输等工作原理,模拟实验了理论数值和实验数值间的计量误差,探讨了误差产生的原因及野外观测调节技术和蒸发补偿订正等.经试验表明,各种部件结构科学、稳定、误差小、整体性能良好.野外观测资料表明,网络雹雨分测仪所测雨量与自动站观测的雨量误差在可接受范围;由于能同时进行雹雨分测,对极端冰雹天气具有实时监测优势,在野外林果和农作物雹灾危害评估中有重要作用,具有与遥测雨量计和其他遥测气象要素仪器一样的现代化水平,可广泛应用于农业和林业灾害野外监测网络之中.  相似文献