筒桩基础的地震反应分析     

董金明  刘春原  郝厉  刘平 《东北地震研究》2004,20(2):8-14

本文基于Biot动力固结方程，在BDWF模型的基础上，通过等价线性迭代不断修正土体模量以逼近土体的非线性动态响应，对建筑筒桩基础的地震反应进行了动力分析。为了分析筒桩基础的地震反应，考虑桩-土-结构的动力相互作用，将桩-土-结构地震反应分析的空间体系简化为二维问题计算。结果表明，筒桩基础桩基相对桩基于桩基有较好的抗震性能，筒桩基础的柔性改善了结构的基本周期。  相似文献   

混合二维泊松过程的分解算法及其在提取地震丛集模式中的应用.          下载免费PDF全文

裴韬  周成虎  杨明  骆剑承  李全林 《地震学报》2004,26(1):53-61

将一定范围内的地震数据假设为背景地震和丛集地震的叠加，并同时认为背景地震和丛集地震分别满足不同参数的二维泊松过程．通过引入N阶距离概念，将叠加的二维泊松过程转化为一维的混合密度函数，在对距离阶数进行选择的基础上，最终采用遗传算法进行混合密度分解，以达到提取地震丛集模式的效果．文中将该算法应用于我国西南地区松潘及龙陵主震前丛集地震的提取，并与C值的时间扫描结合，深化了这两次大地震前地震活动图象的认识．   相似文献   

基于矩形网格的有限差分走时计算方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李振春  刘玉莲  张建磊  马在田  王华忠 《地震学报》2004,26(6):644-650

对于大多数速度场，地震波沿射线传播的初至波走时，可以用有限差分外推的方法在二维或三维数值网格上计算出来. 在保证精度的条件下，为提高计算效率和适应性，本文推导了基于任意矩形网格和局部平面波前近似的有限差分初至波走时计算方法. 另外，该方法对首波和散射波做了合适的处理，而且不会碰到传统射线法存在的阴影区和焦散区等问题. 简单模型和复杂的Marmousi模型试算的结果表明，该方法精度较高并适用于强纵、横向变速的复杂介质. 基于该方法的Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移, 在主要构造和目的层位置的成像效果上基本达到了波动方程法叠前深度偏移的位置成像效果. 由于未考虑续至波等有效能量，在成像的保幅性上不如波动方程法叠前深度偏移的效果，但其计算效率则明显高于全格林函数法和波动方程法.   相似文献   

安徽淮河构造变形带及邻近块体现代构造应力场特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

刘东旺  刘泽民  沈小七  夏瑞良  李敏莉  闫素萍  凌学书 《中国地震》2004,20(4):364-371

针对安徽省较特殊的构造环境及历史地震分布特点，利用直达波最大振幅比和系统聚类分析方法，在对安徽淮河中游区1974年以来近百个中小地震震源机制反演、聚类及空间合成的基础上，分析了华北断块南缘的安徽淮河构造变形带及邻近块体震源断层滑动方式、构造应力场分布及块体运动方式、应力场随时间变化等。结果显示：淮河构造变形带及其邻近块体上震源断层总体上以近走滑型或斜滑型破裂为主，但倾滑型破裂也占一定比例；该地区构造应力以水平作用为主，但也存在一定的垂向作用。其中淮北和皖中块体仍可能分别向SWW和NEE方向运动，并在淮河构造变形带上产生左旋剪切作用，呈现一定的继承性活动特征；各块(带)上主压应力P轴走向随时间的变化在总体上较为一致，而各时段之间P轴方位存在一定差异，显示安徽淮河中游区受华北和华南应力场的共同作用，但其地震活动可能主要受控于华北应力场。  相似文献   

Estimated N2O and CO2 Emissions as Influenced by Agricultural Practices in Canada   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

B. Grant  W. N. Smith  R. Desjardins  R. Lemke  C. Li 《Climatic change》2004,65(3):315-332

The Denitrification-Decompostion (DNDC) model was used to estimate the impact of change in management practices on N₂O emissions in seven major soil regions in Canada, for the period 1970 to 2029. Conversion of cultivated land to permanent grassland would result in the greatest reduction in N₂O emissions, particularly in eastern Canada wherethe model estimated about 60% less N₂O emissions for thisconversion. About 33% less N₂O emissions were predicted for a changefrom conventional tillage to no-tillage in western Canada, however, a slight increase in N₂O emissions was predicted for eastern Canada. GreaterN₂O emissions in eastern Canada associated with the adoption of no-tillage were attributed to higher soil moisture causing denitrification, whereas the lower emissions in western Canada were attributed to less decomposition of soil organic matter in no-till versus conventional tilled soil. Elimination of summer fallow in a crop rotation resulted in a 9% decrease in N₂O emissions, with substantial emissions occurringduring the wetter fallow years when N had accumulated. Increasing N-fertilizer application rates by 50% increased average emissions by 32%,while a 50% decrease of N-fertilizer application decreased emissions by16%. In general, a small increase in N₂O emissions was predicted when N-fertilizer was applied in the fall rather than in the spring. Previous research on CO₂ emissions with the CENTURY model (Smith et al.,2001) allowed the quantification of the combined change in N₂O andCO₂ emissions in CO₂ equivalents for a wide range of managementpractices in the seven major soil regions in Canada. The management practices that have the greatest potential to reduce the combined N₂O andCO₂ emissions are conversion from conventional tillage to permanent grassland, reduced tillage, and reduction of summer fallow. The estimated net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction when changing from cultivated land to permanent grassland ranged from 0.97 (Brown Chernozem) to 4.24 MgCO₂ equiv. ha^–1 y^–1 (BlackChernozem) for the seven soil regions examined. When changing from conventional tillage to no-tillage the net GHG emission reduction ranged from 0.33 (Brown Chernozem) to 0.80 Mg CO₂ equiv. ha^–1 y^–1 (Dark GrayLuvisol). Elimination of fallow in the crop rotation lead to an estimated net GHG emission reduction of 0.43 (Brown Chernozem) to 0.80 Mg CO₂ equiv.ha^–1 y^–1 (Dark Brown Chernozem). The addition of 50% more or 50% less N-fertilizer both resulted in slight increases in combined CO₂ and N₂O emissions. There was a tradeoff in GHG flux with greaterN₂O emissions and a comparable increase in carbon storage when 50% more N-fertilizer was added. The results from this work indicate that conversion of cultivated land to grassland, the conversion from conventional tillage to no-tillage, and the reduction of summerallow in crop rotations could substantially increase C sequestration and decrease net GHG emissions. Based on these results a simple scaling-up scenario to derive the possible impacts on Canada's Kyoto commitment has been calculated.  相似文献   

Aerosol polarized phase function and single-scattering albedo retrieved from ground-based measurements     

Zhengqiang Li  Philippe Goloub  Claude Devaux  Xingfa Gu  Yanli Qiao  Fengsheng Zhao  Hongbin Chen 《Atmospheric Research》2004,71(4):233-241

Aerosol optical parameters, polarized phase function and single-scattering albdeo, have been retrieved from ground-based sun photometer measurements in Beijing 2003. The measured aerosol optical thickness varies from 0.12 to 0.77 with an average value of 0.39. The measured Ångström coefficient ranges from 0.75 to 1.47 with an average value of 1.21. The retrieved single-scattering albedo at 870 nm is within the 0.76–0.94 range and the average value is 0.85, suggests there are considerable aerosol absorptions in Beijing. The maximum value of retrieved polarized phase function at 870 nm ranges from 0.068 to 0.225 with an average value of 0.16, and it illustrates good correlations with the Ångström coefficient, i.e. the relative size of aerosol particles. Analyses of measurements and theoretical calculations show the polarized phase function is sensitive to aerosol size distribution and complex refractive index, especially the imaginary part of the refractive index which denotes aerosol light absorbing effects. These results suggest that the polarized phase function is an effective and unique aerosol optical parameter and is able to improve the retrieval of aerosol physical properties.  相似文献   

Study on the Impacts of Climate Change on China's Agriculture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hui Liu  Xiubin Li  Guenther Fischer  Laixiang Sun 《Climatic change》2004,65(1-2):125-148

This paper measures the economic impacts of climate change on China's agriculture based on the Ricardian model. By using county-level cross-sectional data on agricultural net revenue, climate, and other economic and geographical data for 1275 agriculture dominated counties, we find that under most climate change scenarios both higher temperature and more precipitation would have an overall positive impact on China's agriculture. However, the impacts vary seasonally and regionally. Autumn effect is the most positive, but spring effect is the most negative. Applying the model to five climate scenarios in the year 2050 shows that the East, the Central part, the South, the northern part of the Northeast, and the Plateau would benefit from climate change, but the Southwest, the Northwest and the southern part of the Northeast may be negatively affected. In the North, most scenarios show that they may benefit from climate change. In summary, all of China would benefit from climate change in most scenarios.  相似文献   

苏北海岸带潮成辐射砂脊群的形成及其古地理意义   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

赵娟  范代读  李从先 《古地理学报》2004,6(1):41-48

南黄海潮成辐射砂脊群的面积约为20000km2，以160° 的角度从弓京港向海展开。它与以弓京港为顶点的辐聚辐散潮流场相伴而生。60余个钻孔揭示，毗邻海区辐射砂脊体系的江苏沿岸平原上存在一个面积约3000 km2潮成砂区，其顶点位于东台，同样呈扇形以130°的角度向东展开。在潮成砂区内潮成砂质沉积单元位于冰后期海侵型砂坝-湖沉积层之上，二者之间具明显的冲刷面。砂坝-湖沉积层位于晚更新世基底硬粘土层之上，二者之间有较长的沉积间断。潮成砂沉积层上覆潮坪沉积层，二者呈渐变关系。以潮成砂层底部的侵蚀面为界，其下为海侵序列，其上为海退序列。古潮流的研究揭示，潮成砂区内同样存在辐聚辐散的古潮流场，其顶点位于东台附近。由此推断，沿海平原的潮成砂区内也是辐射状潮成砂脊体系，它形成于全新世海退时期。由于长江和黄河三角洲的前展，以东台为顶点的潮成砂脊体系逐渐暴露成陆。陆上和海域潮成辐射砂脊群形成于相同的潮汐动力环境，但处在不同的发育阶段，前者形成于全新世中期，后者发育于全新世晚期。矿物分析揭示，陆上和海区的潮成辐射砂脊体系主要由长江和黄河沉积物组成，其中长江沉积物由南向北运移，且时间较早；黄河沉积物由北向南运移，时间较迟，这种泥沙的运移趋势一直延续至今。随着海平面上升趋于减缓，长江三角洲增长，江苏海岸线向外推进，苏北潮成砂区逐渐出露成陆。1128年黄河由苏北入海，大量的黄河沉积物的加入，加快了本区海岸线的推进速度。潮成辐射砂脊体系与辐聚辐散的潮流场相伴而生，全新世最大海侵以来，辐聚辐散的潮流场的位置曾经历三次变化，第一次以长江古河口湾为顶点，第二次位于现今陆上潮成砂区，第三次位于以弓京港为顶点的现代海域，代表了潮成辐射砂脊体系发育的三个阶段。只是长江古河口湾的潮成辐射砂脊体系由于河流的巨大改造作用，可能未很好保存，至今未发现典型的辐射砂脊体系。  相似文献   

长江源雀莫错-带上二叠统那益雄组火山岩特征及其构造环境   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

白云山  李莉  牛志军  姚华舟  段其发 《华南地质与矿产》2004,(1):7-10

雀莫错一带那益雄组火山岩是由玄武岩组成的基性熔岩,岩石化学表现为低TiO2(<1％)和Al2O3,Na2O>K2O,属钙碱性系列。地球化学特征表现为轻稀土富集,Eu平坦或轻微负异常,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb,Sr,Ba,K)和高强场元素Th,亏损高强场元素Nb和Ta,反映了岛弧构造环境。上二叠统那益雄组岛弧型火山岩的发现,说明长江源地区晚古生代有岛弧存在,且该岛弧应为晚古生代特提斯洋向东俯冲在中北段形成的多岛-弧盆系统的一部分。  相似文献   

宁南深层岩溶地下水系统三维数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李向全  侯新伟  张莉 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

宁南“南北古脊梁”岩溶裂隙水系统的储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主,岩溶水的空间分布明显受南北向大型断裂构造控制。根据水动力场和水化学场特征,划分了3个相对独立的岩溶水子系统。通过三维数值模拟计算,确定了马渠—洪河岩溶水子系统天然资源量和可开采资源量,为本区的地下水合理开发利用提供了科学依据。  相似文献