Estrogenic responses of larval sunshine bass (Morone saxatilis x M. Chrysops) exposed to New York City sewage effluent     

Todorov JR  Elskus AA  Schlenk D  Ferguson PL  Brownawell BJ  McElroy AE 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):691-695

To determine the estrogenicity of effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) to larval fish, 2-day-old sunshine bass were exposed to effluents from three STPs serving New York City (NYC), varying in size and treatment level. Estrogenic response was evaluated by measuring vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in cytosolic fractions of whole body homogenates. Concentrations of the presumptive endocrine disruptors in the effluents were also measured. VTG and ER levels in sewage-exposed fish were 3-5 times that observed in controls. Combined concentrations of estradiol and estrone ranged from 5 to 13 ng/l and nonylphenol-ethoxylate metabolites (NPEOs: 4-nonylphenol, and 1-, 2-, and 3-nonylphenol-ethoxylates) ranged from 180 to 470 microg/l in chlorinated effluent. Results indicate that both ER and VTG can be used as biomarkers for endocrine disruption in larval fish, and that 4-day exposure to sewage effluent is sufficient to elicit significant expression of these markers in sunshine bass larvae. The extremely higher concentrations of NPEOs found in effluent relative to hormones (approximately 40,000-fold) indicates that surfactant metabolites may be contributing significantly to the estrogenic effects observed.  相似文献   

A dynamic response analysis of tension leg platforms including hydrodynamic interaction in regular waves     

Chuel-Hyun Kim  Chang-Ho Lee  Ja-Sam Goo   《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(11-12):1680-1689

A numerical procedure is described for predicting the motion and structural responses of tension leg platforms (TLPs) in waves. The developed numerical approach, in a TLP is assumed to be flexible instead of rigid, is based on a combination of the three dimensional source distribution method and the finite-element method. The hydrodynamic interactions among TLP members, such as columns and pontoons, are included in the motion and structural response analysis. Numerical results are compared with the experimental and numerical ones. The results of comparison confirmed the validity of the proposed approach.  相似文献   

A B-spline based higher order panel method for analysis of steady flow around marine propellers     

G.-D. Kim  C.-S. Lee  J.E. Kerwin 《Ocean Engineering》2007,34(14-15):2045-2060

A higher order panel method based on B-spline representation for both the geometry and the solution is developed for the analysis of steady flow around marine propellers. The self-influence functions due to the normal dipole and the source are desingularized through the quadratic transformation, and then shown to be evaluated using conventional numerical quadrature. By selecting a proper order for numerical quadrature, the accuracy of the present method can be increased to the machine limit. The far- and near-field influences are shown to be evaluated based on the same far-field approximation, but the near-field solution requires subdividing the panels into smaller subpanels continuously, which can be effectively implemented due to the B-spline representation of the geometry. A null pressure jump Kutta condition at the trailing edge is found to be effective in stabilizing the solution process and in predicting the correct solution. Numerical experiments indicate that the present method is robust and predicts the pressure distribution on the blade surface, including very close to the tip and trailing edge regions, with far fewer panels than existing low-order panel methods.  相似文献   

利用TM合成图像研究滨海平原城市东营市的时空扩展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓声贵  李广雪  周良勇  李安龙  刘勇  周青春 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(4):603-608

利用遥感 (RS)与地理信息系统 (GIS)一体化技术 ,对黄河三角洲上的新兴城市——东营市的城市时空扩展进行动态监测。并在地物光谱研究的基础上 ,提出了适合于近海平原地区的遥感波段组合 (TM- R5 G3B1)和本区内最易于识别城镇、居民地的波段组合 TM- R5 G7B4 (7月 )、TM-R3G4 B2 (10月 )和 TM- R5 G2 B4 (5月 )。结果表明 ,东营市自 1983年建市以来 ,迅速向东发展 ,由一块城区扩展为东城、西城并立。国家的政策和规划、石油工业的发展是东营城区迅速扩展的驱动力。  相似文献   

3D gravity modelling for Anyongbok Seamount in the East Sea     

Moo Hee Kang  Hyun-Chul Han  Hyesu Yun  Gee Soo Kong  Kyong O. Kim  Youn Soo Lee 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2007,28(3):257-269

A seamount chain with an approximately WNW trend is observed in the northeastern Ulleung Basin. It has been argued that these seamounts, including two islands called Ulleung and Dok islands, were formed by a hotspot process or by ridge related volcanism. Many geological and geophysical studies have been done for all the seamounts and islands in the chain except Anyongbok Seamount, which is close to the proposed spreading ridge. We first report morphological characteristics, sediment distribution patterns, and the crustal thickness of Anyongbok Seamount using multibeam bathymetry data, seismic reflection profiles, and 3D gravity modeling. The morphology of Anyongbok Seamount shows a cone shaped feature and is characterized by the development of many flank cones and flank rift zones. The estimated surface volume is about 60 km³, and implies that the seamount is smaller than the other seamounts in the chain. No sediments have been observed on the seamount except the lower slope, which is covered by more than 1,000 m of strata. The crustal structure obtained from a 3D gravity modeling (GFR = 3.11, SD 3.82 = mGal) suggests that the seamount was formed around the boundary of the Ulleung Plateau and the Ulleung Basin, and the estimated crustal thickness is about 20 km, which is a little thicker than other nearby seamounts distributed along the northeastern boundary of the Ulleung Basin. This significant crustal thickness also implies that Anyongbok Seamount might not be related to ridge volcanism.  相似文献   

Experimental studies on the slowly varying drift motion of a berthed container ship model     

S.K. Lee  H. Choi  S. Surendran 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(17-18):2454-2465

The effects of free-surface waves on the floating structures are of great importance in the offshore industry. Among the six degrees of motions of a surface ship the absence of restoring forces in surge, sway and yaw led to critical situations for moored ships in the recent times. The order of forces in horizontal plane and their exciting frequencies are matters of interest. The resonance with the presence of moored chains led to many accidents in the recent past. The lines in dry conditions may not give good damping and in wet condition they may trigger the system to chaotic motions and jumps. Two different loading conditions of a container ship model are tested with waves in laboratory conditions in two different drafts. The mooring lines are chosen as per scale law and the energy under the response spectrum is determined from the plots. The results give new insights into the movement of a berthed ships subjected to waves. Response of the moored ship to different loading conditions in different water depths are discussed in this paper. The paper gives the order of energy due to first-order and slowly varying movement of a berthed container model in a towing tank.  相似文献   

How are large western hemisphere warm pools formed?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David B. Enfield  Sang-Ki Lee  Chunzai Wang 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,70(2-4):346

During the boreal summer the Western Hemisphere warm pool (WHWP) stretches from the eastern North Pacific to the tropical North Atlantic and is a key feature of the climate of the Americas and Africa. In the summers following nine El Niño events during 1950–2000, there have been five instances of extraordinarily large warm pools averaging about twice the climatological annual size. These large warm pools have induced a strengthened divergent circulation aloft and have been associated with rainfall anomalies throughout the western hemisphere tropics and subtropics and with more frequent hurricanes. However, following four other El Niño events large warm pools did not develop, such that the mere existence of El Niño during the boreal winter does not provide the basis for predicting an anomalously large warm pool the following summer.In this paper, we find consistency with the hypothesis that large warm pools result from an anomalous divergent circulation forced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Pacific, the so-called atmospheric bridge. We also find significant explanations for why large warm pools do not always develop. If the El Niño event ends early in the eastern Pacific, the Pacific warm anomaly lacks the persistence needed to force the atmospheric bridge and the Atlantic portion of the warm pool remains normal. If SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific do not last much beyond February of the following year, then the eastern North Pacific portion of the warm pool remains normal. The overall strength of the Pacific El Niño does not appear to be a critical factor. We also find that when conditions favor a developing atmospheric bridge and the winter atmosphere over the North Atlantic conforms to a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern (as in 1957–58 and 1968–69), the forcing is reinforced and the warm pool is stronger. On the other hand, if a positive NAO pattern develops the warm pool may remain normal even if other circumstances favor the atmospheric bridge, as in 1991–92. Finally, we could find little evidence that interactions internal to the tropical Atlantic are likely to mitigate for or against the formation of the largest warm pools, although they may affect smaller warm pool fluctuations or the warm pool persistence.  相似文献   

无舵翼水下机器人路径跟踪控制研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

甘永  万磊  陆雯雯  庞永杰 《海洋工程》2007,25(1):70-75

针对无舵翼水下机器人的各种不同任务要求下的路径跟踪控制进行研究。通过模拟人的运动行为,建立了虚拟避碰声纳模型。根据地形跟踪的方法提出基于虚拟声纳的路径跟踪控制方法,并通过考虑纵向速度对于其他各个自由度运动的影响设计了运动控制器。通过海上试验验证了所提出的路径跟踪控制方法对于无舵翼水下机器人是可以满足实际需要的。  相似文献   

Formation and distribution of manganese nodule deposit in the northwestern margin of Clarion-Clipperton fracture zones,northeast equatorial Pacific     

K. S. Jeong  J. K. Kang  K. Y. Lee  H. S. Jung  S. B. Chi  S. J. Ahn 《Geo-Marine Letters》1996,16(2):123-131

In the northwestern margin of the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones, manganese nodules are latitudinally variable in character, resulting from the progressive (re)generation of nodules since the Oligocene as the Pacific Plate migrates northwestward beneath the equatorial production zone. Complemented by the surface water productivity, bottom current activities have concentrated nodules in the Oligocene to Miocene siliceous clay. Resedimentation processes on nodules form three types of nodules with concentric structures and 10 Å-manganaterich bottoms, by periodically causing the diagenetic growth of nodules within the topmost sediment layer.  相似文献   

不同光照条件下海带体内各种化合物的含量及光合作用和呼吸作用的变化   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

黄健  唐学玺  段德麟  刘涛  李永祺 《海洋科学》2002,26(4):55-58

实验检测了不同光照条件1200，600，01x下，海带体内多酚类化合物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素等的含量及其光合作用和呼吸作用的变化。实验结果表明，随着光照强度的减弱，海带体内多酚类化合物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等的含量及其光合作用和呼吸作用均呈现下降的趋势，而叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的含量则呈现出上升的趋势。  相似文献