湖泊湿地水文过程研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谭志强  李云良  张奇  郭宇菲  王晓龙  李冰  万荣荣  王殿常  吴兴华 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):18-37

湖泊湿地是世界上最重要的生态系统之一,在调蓄洪水、净化环境、保护生物多样性以及为人类提供淡水和食物等方面发挥着不可替代的作用.然而,受气候变化和人类活动叠加影响,湖泊湿地水文过程发生了剧烈变化,湖泊湿地面临着面积萎缩、质量下降和服务功能退化等风险.本文总结了原位观测、数值模拟和遥感技术在获取湖泊湿地关键水文要素方面的优...  相似文献   

降水临近预报及其在水文预报中的应用研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘佳  邱庆泰  李传哲  焦裕飞  王维  于福亮 《水科学进展》2020,31(1):129-142

随着全球气候变化、自然变迁及陆表生境改变,极端天气频发且呈现出多尺度时空变异特征,对其进行预报和预警一直是气象水文领域关注的焦点。临近预报可较准确地预报未来短时间天气显著变化,是当前预报强降水等极端事件的主要手段。从基于天气雷达0~3 h外推临近预报、融合数值模式0~6 h临近预报的发展历程梳理了临近预报的研究进展,阐述了雷达外推算法的发展进程、雷达外推预报与数值模式预报融合技术进展,指出"取长补短"的0~6 h融合预报在提高降水预报精度、延长降水预见期等多方面有较大的发展潜力,进一步探寻及提升融合技术是未来融合预报发展的核心。将临近预报以气象水文耦合的方式引入水文预报是从源头提高水文预报精度、保障水文预报效果的主要途径,总结了现阶段主流耦合方式、空间尺度匹配技术、水文模型不确定等陆气耦合中的关键问题,阐述了外推临近预报、融合临近预报作为水文预报输入的研究进展,明确了融合临近预报在延长洪水预见期、提高洪水预报精度中存在优势,并讨论了未来的研究重点及发展方向。  相似文献   

阿根廷奥布莱莫埃尔多盐湖钾锂资源潜力分析     

刘军省  邓小林  鞠林雪  张会芳  王春光  邓宇飞  王磊  杨宏图 《化工矿产地质》2020,42(1):19-23

阿根廷奥布莱莫埃尔多盐湖位于南美安第斯高原"锂三角"地区,钾锂资源丰富;为了研究该盐湖卤水特征,分析其钾锂资源远景,利用遥感数据提取钾、锂异常信息,并在湖区施工浅井采集卤水样品进行验证。盐湖钾锂一般赋存于含盐细砂中,靠近盐湖中部赋存于石盐为主的盐类矿物晶体间的孔隙之中;卤水分析结果表明,KCl含量0.60%～2.11%,平均品位1.03%,LiCl含量146～4977mg/L,平均含量2407mg/L;遥感解译显示湖区存在高矿化度卤水,钾锂异常主要集中分布于湖区岛屿北部、东北部及南部靠近岛屿地带。奥布莱莫埃尔多盐湖遥感信息显示钾、锂异常,浅井卤水分析富含锂钾,部分样品达到工业品位,盐湖找矿潜力巨大。  相似文献   

城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究进展   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

任宇飞  方创琳  李广东  孙思奥  鲍超  刘若文 《地理学报》2020,75(3):589-606

城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究是国际人地系统研究的前沿和热点领域,对于如何协调中国城镇化与生态环境的关系问题也具有重要的参考价值。本文紧扣城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究主题,在对国际研究进行梳理的基础上,集中从城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系理论、方法以及关键应用领域三个方面,对城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系研究国际前沿与进展进行评述。分析发现,国际上近远程耦合概念提出时间不长,其理论的完备性与系统性尚显薄弱,对实证研究统领性指导还略显不足。而从其他研究视角出发,国际上对互为远端的人地系统间关联现象进行了大量研究,实证内容充足,内涵丰富。展望未来,关注城市群地区城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合关系、挖掘城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合主导路径与动态演变特征、加强中国城镇化与生态环境近远程耦合理论研究,是推动中国城镇化与生态环境耦合研究迈向新的发展阶段的重要方向。  相似文献   

Impact of microorganism degradation on hydrocarbon generation of source rocks: A case study of the Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin     

Wei Li  Yufei Gao  Youchuan Li 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(3):243-253

The discovery of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field, the largest integrated condensate gas field in the eastern China in 2018, opened up a new field for the natural gas exploration deep strata in the Bohai Bay Basin, demonstrating there is a great potential for natural gas exploration in oil-type basins. The ethane isotope of the Bozhong 19-6 condensate gas is heavy, showing the characteristics of partial humic gas. In this paper, aimed at the source rocks of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field in the Bohai Bay Basin, the characteristics of the source rocks in the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt were clarified and the reason are explained from impact of microorganism degradation on hydrocarbon generation of source rocks why the condensate oil and gas had heavy carbon isotope and why it showed partial humic characteristics was explored based on the research of parent materials. The following conclusions were obtained: The paleontology of the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt and its surrounding sub-sags is dominated by higher plants, such as angiosperm and gymnosperm. During the formation of source rocks, under the intensive transformation of microorganism, the original sedimentary organic matter such as higher plants was degraded and transformed by defunctionalization. Especially, the transformation of anaerobic microorganisms on source rocks causes the degradation and defunctionalization of a large number of humic products such as higher plants and the increase of hydrogen content. The degradation and transformation of microorganism don’t transform the terrestrial humic organic matter into newly formed “sapropel” hydrocarbons, the source rocks are mixed partial humic source rocks. As a result, hydrogen content incrased and the quality of source rocks was improved, forming the partial humic source rocks dominated by humic amorphous bodies. The partial humic source rocks are the main source rocks in the Bozhong 19-6 gas field, and it is also the internal reason why the isotope of natural gas is heavy.  相似文献   

A semi-analytical solution to consolidation of unsaturated soils with the free drainage well     

Aifang Qin  De’an Sun  Liuping Yang  Yufei Weng 《Computers and Geotechnics》2010,37(7-8):867-875

Based on Fredlund’s one-dimensional consolidation equation for unsaturated soil, Darcy’s law and Fick’s law, a semi-analytical solution was presented to the free drainage well with a finite thickness under application of uniform vertical loading and the boundary of the top and bottom surfaces impermeable to water and air. According to the polar governing equations of water and air phases and the boundary and initial conditions, the excess pore-air and pore-water pressures and the soil layer settlement in the Laplace transformed domain are obtained by performing the Laplace transform and utilizing the Bessel functions. Crump’s method is used to perform the inversion of Laplace transform in order to obtain numerical solutions in the real time domain. Finally, a typical example is given to illustrate the changes in the excess pore-air and pore-water pressures and soil layer settlement with time factor at different ratios of air–water permeability coefficient and/or different distances from the well.  相似文献   

Ground Surface Ruptures and Near‐Fault,Large‐Scale Displacements Caused by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake Derived from Pixel Offset Tracking on Synthetic Aperture Radar Images     

QU Chunyan  SHAN Xinjian  LIU Yunhu  ZHANG Guohong  SONG Xiaogang  ZHANG Guifang  GUO Liming  HAN Yufei 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(2):510-519

The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake produced surface displacements along the causative fault, the Yingxiu–Beichuan Fault, which are up to several meters near the fault. Because of the large gradient, satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometric data are strongly incoherent; the usual SAR interferometry method does not allow such displacements to be measured. In the present study, we employed another approach, the technique based on pixel offset tracking, to solve this problem. The used image data of six tracks are from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite, Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS/ PALSAR) dataset of Japan. The results show that the entire surface rupture belt is 238 km long, extending almost linearly in a direction of 42° north–east. It is offset left laterally by a north–west-striking fault at Xiaoyudong, and turns at Gaochuan, where the rupture belt shifts toward the south by 5 km, largely keeping the original trend. In terms of the features of the rupture traces, the rupture belt can be divided into five sections and three types. Among them, the Beichuan–Chaping and Hongkou–Yingxiu sections are relatively complex, with large widths and variable traces along the trend. The Pingtong–Nanba and Qingping–Jingtang sections appear uniform, characterized by straight traces and small widths. West of Yingxiu, the rupture traces are not clear. North of the rupture belt, surface displacements are 2.95 m on average, mostly 2–3.5 m, with 7–9 m the maximum near Beichuan. South of the rupture belt, the average displacement is 1.75 m, dominated by 1–2 m, with 3–4 m at a few sites. In the north, the displacements in the radar line of sight are of subsidence, and in the south, they are uplifted, in accordance with a right-slip motion that moves the northern wall of the fault to the east, and the southern wall to the west, respectively. Along the Guanxian–Jiangyou Fault, there is a uplift zone in the radar line of sight, which is 66 km long, 1.5–6 km wide, and has vertical displacements of approximately 2 m, but no observable rupture traces.  相似文献   

带内全双工水声通信技术研究现状与展望          下载免费PDF全文

赵云江  乔钢  刘凇佐  郑乃华  刘宇飞 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2021,4(3):195-205

近年来,水声通信技术已经被广泛应用于海洋环境观测等方面,但可预见的,在未来发展趋势下,以半双工体制为主的水声通信网络,将会无法满足日益增长的水下信息交互需求。带内全双工水声通信技术可以在相同的通频带内,同时发射和接收通信信号,理论上可将现有的频谱效率提高 1 倍,在水声信道可用频谱资源严重受限、水下信息交互需求激增的背景下具有极高的研究意义与应用价值。因此,带内全双工水声通信技术已逐渐成为了目前水声通信领域的研究热点之一。简要介绍了目前无线电及水声通信背景下的带内全双工技术研究现状,对带内全双工水声通信面临的主要挑战进行了论述,并结合目前现有研究成果与实际工程应用中的难点问题,提出了几种可行的研究方向。  相似文献   

运用Grichuk方法重建山西张村晚上新世古温度          下载免费PDF全文

秦锋  S.Syabryaj  李晓花  姚轶锋  杨健  李金锋  王宇飞 《第四纪研究》2011,31(4):636-642

本文介绍了前苏联Grichuk教授及其合作者提出的古气候定量重建方法——Grichuk法,并运用该方法重建了山西张村晚上新世的温度参数,反映当时气候(年均温8.7～18.3℃,最冷月均温-3.0 ～ 9.5℃)远比今天(年均温8.8℃,最冷月均温-6.8℃)更温暖.同时,对同一套孢粉数据,采用不同方法得到的结果数据对比...  相似文献   

1985—1990年地磁基准台站时均值数据集     

张素琴  陈传华  王建军  赵旭东  何宇飞  李琪  杨冬梅  胡秀娟 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(4):173-182

北京、佘山、长春、拉萨、广州、武汉、兰州、乌鲁木齐地磁台在中国最早开始地磁观测,系统收集、清理8个地磁台在1985—1990年的历史资料,采用数码拍照和人工录入方式,实现纸质资料数字化,同时研制数据入库软件,将梳理后的数据导入“十五”数据库,并进行质量审核,实现珍贵历史资源的电子化、数据化、标准化和规范化,为数据的后续使用奠定基础。本数据集展示了8个地磁台站在1985—1990年的地磁观测数据,数据内容由磁偏角（D）、水平强度（H）和垂直强度（Z）3个要素的绝对时均值组成。利用该数据集,可以开展地磁场、空间天气以及关系国计民生的导航、通讯、电网、高铁、油气管道等的研究工作。  相似文献