Fracturing mode analysis and relative age dating of faults by surface textures of quartz grains from fault gouges   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Yuji Kanaori 《Engineering Geology》1983,19(4):261-281

Surface textures of quartz grains taken from about 250 samples of fault gouges in faults ranging in length from several metres to several tens of metres with the faults extending several tens to several hundreds of kilometres in length, are examined by means of the scanning electron microscope and are categorized into four groups from I to IV, based on the smoothness of the surface, degree of undulation and development of cavities, as mentioned in a previous paper. Based on surface features of quartz grains from faults the geological age of movement of which is known, the groups I to IV are tentatively related to the age of formation of quartz grains and the period of formation of surface textures. This correlation makes it clear that quartz-grain surface textures are an important clue to dating a relative age of faulting. River patterns, striations, granular fracture surfaces, and dimple-like textures are observed to appear on less corroded surfaces of quartz grains from fault gouges. Fractographic analysis of these surfaces of quartz grains should be a clue to revealing the mode of fracture of the fault movement which released the quartz grains into the fault gouge.  相似文献   

Noble gas elemental and isotopic abundances in deep-sea trenches in the western Pacific     

George Igarashi  Masako Kodera  Minoru Ozima  Yuji Sano  Hiroshi Wakita  Jacques Boulgue 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1987,86(1)

Noble gas elemental and isotopic abundances were measured in seven deep-sea water samples from five different sampling sites in the Nankai Trough, the Japan Trench and the Kuril Trench. The samples were obtained by the manned submersible “Nautile”. Most of the sampling sites are associated with clam colonies and/or fluid venting. Excesses both in³He/⁴He ratio and He concentration are observed in a seawater sample collected a few kilometers off the clam colonies which were found at a depth of 3830 m at the mouth of the Tenryu Canyon. Concentrations of noble gases (Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe) in this sample show progressive depletion from Ne to Xe relative to those in 1°C air-saturated seawater, which can be attributed to mixing of hot water ( 15°C) with cold ambient water ( 1°C). Isotopic compositions of Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe in this sample are atmospheric. These observations may reflect venting of hot pore water around the Tenryu Canyon. All the other samples show a significant excess in concentration of all noble gases relative to 1°C air-saturated seawater and the isotopic compositions are atmospheric. This excess of noble gas concentrations may appear to be air contamination in the samples. However, results of hydrocarbon analyses of the Kaiko samples imply that such large amount of air contamination is improbable. Decomposition of gas hydrate in deep-sea sediments is a more likely explanation for the observed excess of noble gas concentration.  相似文献   

Precise temperature measurement of groundwater for earthquake-prediction study   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yuji Nakamura  Hiroshi Wakita 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(2-4):164-174

Precise measurements of groundwater temperature, with a resolution of 0.0001°C, have been made for the purpose of earthquake prediction at four water wells in the Tokai district in Japan. The characteristics of temporal variations in groundwater temperature differ from well to well. From records of a well located in an area where use of groundwater is heavy, movement of groundwater was sensed by temperature variations. By contrast, water temperatures in a 500 m well far from cultural areas were extremely steady, with fluctuations of less than 0.0005°C. This well appears to be suitable for monitoring possible temperature changes related to the occurrence of an impending large earthquake.  相似文献   

基于SKS分裂研究长白山区上地幔各向异性特征     

宋雨佳  盘晓东  康建红 《地质论评》2024,70(S1):129-130

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跨断层桥梁抗震若干问题探讨   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

惠迎新  台玉吉  王克海  张尚荣 《地震工程学报》2017,39(5):870-875,889

从断层时间尺度、活动性、场地效应等方面阐述跨断层桥梁的定义与内涵;从"功能性"、"制约性"、"地表破裂变异性"、"设计缺陷"4方面分析跨断层桥梁"不得不"面临较大的地震破坏风险的原因;最后以1979年Imperial Valley地震中El Centro台阵收集到的强震记录为基础,对断层破裂强震记录特征及地震动传播机理进行分析,研究断层两侧地面运动分布规律,建议跨走滑断层桥梁的地震动输入方向。本文研究结果对促进跨断层桥梁抗震设防具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

山东省S波段与C波段天气雷达回波强度的对比分析     

刘雨佳  陈洪滨  朱君鉴 《气象科学》2014,34(1):87-95

山东省济南市的S波段天气雷达与泰山山顶处的C波段雷达相距67 km。为了定量分析两部雷达扫描观测的回波强度在不同个例中的差异程度,从2007—2010年两部雷达观测中选出10次有明显回波的个例,对3个高度的CAPPI及相同观测区域的格点化回波强度资料进行对比分析。结果表明:10次个例的整体对比中,两部雷达在3个高度(2、3、4 km)的CAPPI回波强度资料的概率密度有较好的相似性;两部雷达回波强度均值随着选取高度增加而增大,每个高度上S波段均值较C波段大2 dBz左右。其中,6次降雨个例3 km的CAPPI资料对比中,一次平均强度小于30 dBz的降水过程,且强回波所占比例较小,C波段雷达衰减小,两部雷达测量回波强度一致性最好;其余5次过程中,S波段雷达测量的平均回波强度值均在30 dBz以上,且强回波所占比例较多,C波段由于衰减等原因,两部雷达的测量存在不同程度的差异。  相似文献   

通痹颗粒治疗类风湿关节炎临床疗效及对氧化应激的影响          下载免费PDF全文

龙林钰  柳玉佳  吴伊莹 《应用海洋学学报》2023,39(2):18

目的：观察通痹颗粒治疗气血亏虚、痰瘀互结型类风湿关节炎（RA）的临床疗效及对氧化应激的影响。方法：将60 例气血亏虚、痰瘀互结型RA患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30 例。对照组予甲氨蝶呤联合美洛昔康治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加通痹颗粒治疗,2组疗程均为8周。比较2组综合疗效,中医证候积分,血清学指标［血沉（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）］水平,氧化应激指标［超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）］水平及不良反应。结果：总有效率治疗组为83.33%（25/30）,对照组为60.00%（18/30）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后2组中医证候积分与ESR、CRP、MDA水平均较治疗前降低,SOD水平较治疗前升高,且治疗组改善程度优于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：通痹颗粒可改善气血亏虚、痰瘀互结型RA患者的临床症状、体征、实验室指标,并能调节氧化应激状态,且不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   

LGZ系列全液压多功能桩机及其在多种工法的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王玉吉  刘珂  夏小兴  王国伟  侯庆国 《探矿工程》2020,47(11):88-94

LGZ系列全液压多功能桩机拥有可轴向滑移主动钻杆、大扭矩中空式回转动力头和双筒同步卷扬机3项专利技术,具有施工安全、一机多能、传动平稳高效等技术优势。本文介绍了该系列桩机的性能参数、技术特点,及其在螺杆桩、螺旋挤土桩、水泥土搅拌桩、长螺旋钻孔灌注桩、大直径长螺旋钻孔桩等5种工法中的应用。实践证明,LGZ系列全液压多功能桩机可以满足多种桩基工法施工需求,并可扩展到更多工法应用。  相似文献   

Helium isotopes of seawater in the Japan Sea     

Naoto Takahata  Yuji Sano  Keika Horiguchi  Kotaro Shirai  Toshitaka Gamo 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(2):293-301

We have collected fifty-five seawater samples at seven stations at various depths in the Yamato and Japan Basins of the Japan Sea and measured their helium isotopic ratios. The ³He/⁴He ratios vary from 0.997 R_atm to 1.085 R_atm where R_atm is the atmospheric ratio. The maximum ³He excesses about 8%, are observed at mid-depth (1000 m), and these values are significantly lower than those observed in deep Pacific waters. This implies that mantle-derived helium in deep Pacific water cannot enter the Japan Sea since it is an almost landlocked marginal sea. The observed 8% excess ³He may be attributable to the decay product of tritium. Slightly higher ³He/⁴He ratios in the Bottom Water were observed in the Yamato Basin than in the Japan Basin. The ventilation ages of seawater shallower than 1000 m are calculated as about 5 to 20 years, which is consistent with the CFC ages reported in the literature. There is a positive correlation between the apparent oxygen utilization and ³H-³He ages. The estimated oxygen utilization rate from the correlation in a layer between 500 m and 1000 m is about 3 μmol/kg/yr, which is similar to that in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic.  相似文献   

自然资源定义、分类，观测监测及其在国土规划治理中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

付宇佳  谭昌海  刘晓煌  孙兴丽  袁泽民  郑艺文 《中国地质》2022,49(4):1048-1063

【研究目的】为摸清中国资源家底、认清资源变化规律、管好国土用途，解决现有自然资源内涵不一、分类上存在差异、在数据获取上不统一、资源管理分属不同部门导致的资源在空间管理上交叉重叠等问题。【研究方法】本文采用文献综述法对自然资源的定义、分类及有关资源观测监测指标的相关文献进行梳理。【研究结果】（1）明确了观测监测体系下的自然资源是自然状态或未被加工的状态下通过生产能够产生价值的资源，可将其分为气候资源、地表覆盖资源及地下水资源3类开展研究；（2）总结得到自然资源综合观测与监测的对象、内容及观测方法；（3）分析自然资源观测监测在资源间及资源与环境间、资源资产管理、生态环境修复上的具体作用。【结论】文章最后指出自然资源观测监测是研究资源间、资源与环境间作用，资源资产管理以及生态环境修复中不可缺少的技术手段。创新点：（1）明确了自然资源的定义，解决自然资源在部门管理上、分类上以及数据获取上不统一的问题；（2）分析自然资源观测与监测的内容和指标，结合系统调查、观测实验、预测模拟、监测评价“四位一体”的探测技术，有效掌握自然资源家底、进行资源资产管理，研究资源间、资源与环境的相互关系，在国土规划治理中发挥作用。  相似文献