郑州市霾天气的气候特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

代佩玲  刘和平  朱玉周  侯春梅  郭学锋 《气象与环境科学》2009,32(Z1)

利用1961-2007年地面观测资料,分析了郑州市霾天气时空分布及相应气象要素特征.结果表明:郑州市霾日数月、季变化表现为1月最多,8月最少;10月至翌年3月霾日数占全年的75%.年霾日数呈阶梯式上升趋势,60年代年平均霾日数6.6个,与本世纪初年平均霾日数的81.1个相差75个.霾天气发生时,多为正变压、负变温;相对湿度在20%-59%之间;风速＜3 m·s-1,风向在NE-ESE-S范围内概率较大.  相似文献   

郑州市空气质量状况及冬季持续污染过程的气象机理分析   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

朱玉周  刘和平  郭学峰  侯春梅   《气象与环境科学》2009,32(3):47-50

利用2004-2008年郑州市环境监测站所监测的SO2、NO2、PM10日平均浓度资料及历史气象资料,分析了郑州市近5a的空气质量状况与特征,并以2006年12月份的2次持续性污染过程为例,分析了气象条件对污染物浓度的影响,结果显示：郑州市以煤烟型污染为主,污染物浓度具有明显的季节变化特征,冬春季节污染物浓度明显高于夏秋季节;冬季均压场中持续多日风速小、近地面层出现逆温层是造成郑州市出现持续污染事件的主要气象条件,持续性污染过程往往因受冷空气的影响而结束。  相似文献   

非线性大气化学动力学方程组数值解法的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张欣  王体健  沈凡卉  赵雨舟 《气象科学》2010,30(4):427-437

大气化学模式中描述化学反应动力学的是一组高度耦合、刚性、非线性的常微分方程组,高效精确的计算方法在空气质量模拟预测、气候化学相互作用研究中尤为重要。本文介绍了求解此类非线性常微分方程组(ODEs)的七种常见的数值计算方法,包括QSSA、MQSSA、HYBRID、MHYBRID、LSODE、GongCho以及TWOSTEP方法,并基于同一反应机理进行24 h的数值模拟,通过对模拟结果的讨论分析,比较了各种方法的优劣。研究结果表明,就计算效率而言,QSSA方法最为省时。就计算精度而言,LSODE方法最优。若综合考虑计算精度和效率,HYBRID、MHY-BRID是比较适中的数值解法。  相似文献   

2008/2009年冬季北极涛动对河南冬季干旱的影响分析     

朱玉周  程家合  张楠  潘攀  魏璐  吕小萍 《气象与环境科学》2010,33(Z1)

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2008-2009年冬季河南干旱主要发生时段的大气环流状况及干旱缓解的大气环流背景,结果表明:干旱发展主要阶段,北极涛动处于正位相,欧亚中高纬度环流长时间维持阻塞形势,东亚冬季季风偏弱,印缅槽区被反气旋控制,西太平洋副高位置偏东,欧亚地区环流异常长时间维持导致河南发生干旱.2009年2月大气环流发生转变,北极涛动转为负位相,有利于高纬度冷空气南下,低纬度西太平洋副热带高压西进北抬向内地输送水汽,在冷空气与水汽条件配合下,河南2月份经历多次降水过程,旱情得以缓解.  相似文献   

含金硫化物矿床的表生富集型金矿     

刘铁庚  裘愉卓 《矿物学报》1996,16(3):278-283

虎圩金矿位于湿热多雨的江西省东部，赋存在东乡火山岩盆地北部，江南地体与赣中地体的拼接带上，因此，矿区断裂构造发育，岩浆活动频繁。金矿化产于燕山中期侵入的花岗闪长玢岩的内外接触带上。矿化以充填交代张性断裂构造带的脉状形式产出。矿体为不规则脉状和透镜状，具明显的垂直分带现象。上部为氧化矿石、具黑色土状、蜂窝状构造，Ａｕ含量达工业品位以上，形成金矿体、此外，氧化矿石还富Ｃｏ，相对贫Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ａｇ和Ｐｂ  相似文献   

土工格栅加筋砂土上的偏心受压条形基础研究     

Li Yuzhou  聂晓清 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(4):203-207

提供了土工格栅加筋砂土上的偏心受压条形基础极限承载力的室内模型试验结果。试验中只使用了一种相对压实密度的砂土和一种土工格栅,基础深度由0变化至B（基础宽度）。基于室内试验结果,提出了一个称为折减系数的经验关系,将偏心受压基础的极限承载力与中心受压基础的极限承载力联系起来。  相似文献   

Particle breakage and deformation of carbonate sands with wide range of densities during compression loading process     

Yang Xiao  Hanlong Liu  Qingsheng Chen  Qifeng Ma  Yuzhou Xiang  Yingren Zheng 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(5):1177-1184

In this technical note, evolutions of the particle size distribution, particle breakage, volume deformation and input work of carbonate sands with varying relative densities were investigated through performing a series of one-dimensional compression tests. Loading stress levels ranged from 0.1 to 3.2 MPa. It was found that the initial relative density could greatly affect the magnitude of particle size distribution, particle breakage, volume deformation and input work. Particularly, it was observed that the specimen at a lower relative density underwent much more particle breakage than that at a higher relative density. This could be attributed to the change of the coordination number with the initial density. However, a unique linear relationship between the particle breakage and input work per volume could be obtained, which is independent of the initial relative density.  相似文献   

南沙新区建设用地规划实施及节约集约评价     

杨婷  丘宇洲  刘金沧 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(2):164-167

南沙新区作为我国第六个、广东省首个国家级新区,承担着广东省乃至国家经济发展和改革开放的重要战略任务.本文基于南沙新区基础性地理国情监测数据,从分析新区的城市建设用地规划实施情况入手,对其进行城市建设用地节约集约利用评价,为新区的科学健康发展提供数据支持和技术指导.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the measurement of the vertical hydraulic conductivity of a streambed sediment using standpipe tests          下载免费PDF全文

Yong Huang  Zhifang Zhou  Qiaona Guo  Yuzhou Tang  Wenlong Lu 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5204-5211

The vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) of a stream or lake sediment is often determined in the field using standpipe tests. Calculation of K_v is based on the assumption that the hydraulic head in the pipe is equal to that of the stream or lake stage. In this work, a modified equation for K_v is developed for the standpipe test which is applicable when this assumption is not valid. The equation involves not only the hydraulic head at different times but also the difference in the hydraulic head (a) between the groundwater level and river stage. The effects of certain factors on K_v, such as the ratio of the hydraulic head at different times (h₁/h₂), the difference a, and the initial water table height (h₀), are also discussed. The results show that when h₁/h₂ is constant, the relative error (E_r) in K_v increases with the ratio a/h₂. Furthermore, if a/h₂ < 0.05, then for any value of h₁/h₂, E_r is less than 5% using the modified equation. Also, if a/h₂ is large, hydraulic head readings with larger h₁/h₂ ratios must be used to avoid large E_r values. The results of a field test also indicate that the error in K_v decreases as the value of h₀ increases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Watershed modelling of hydrology and water quality in the Sacramento River watershed,California     

Darren L. Ficklin  Yuzhou Luo  Minghua Zhang 《水文研究》2013,27(2):236-250

Agricultural pollutant runoff is a major source of water contamination in California's Sacramento River watershed where 8500 km² of agricultural land influences water quality. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrology, sediment, nitrate and pesticide transport components were assessed for the Sacramento River watershed. To represent flood conveyance in the area, the model was improved by implementing a flood routing algorithm. Sensitivity/uncertainty analyses and multi‐objective calibration were incorporated into the model application for predicting streamflow, sediment, nitrate and pesticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) at multiple watershed sites from 1992 to 2008. Most of the observed data were within the 95% uncertainty interval, indicating that the SWAT simulations were capturing the uncertainties that existed, such as model simplification, observed data errors and lack of agricultural management data. The monthly Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients at the watershed outlet ranged from 0.48 to 0.82, indicating that the model was able to successfully predict streamflow and agricultural pollutant transport after calibration. Predicted sediment loads were highly correlated to streamflow, whereas nitrate, chlorpyrifos and diazinon were moderately correlated to streamflow. This indicates that timing of agricultural management operations plays a role in agricultural pollutant runoff. Best management practices, such as pesticide use limits during wet seasons, could improve water quality in the Sacramento River watershed. The calibrated model establishes a modelling framework for further studies of hydrology, water quality and ecosystem protection in the study area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献