唐山地震序列应力触发的粘弹性力学模型研究   总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

万永革  沈正康  曾跃华  盛书中  徐晓枫 《地震学报》2008,30(6):581-593

根据前人对唐山地震破裂分布、地壳波速和粘性结构的研究,考虑局部应力场、孔隙流体压力和断层附近软介质的影响,计算了唐山地震产生的,投影到后续大余震断层面和滑动方向上的库仑破裂应力变化。结果表明,随后发生的滦县地震和宁河地震均发生在唐山地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化为正的区域。为研究唐山地震、滦县地震和宁河地震对后续小震的触发作用,根据前人对该地区构造应力场和地震破裂分布的研究,假定构造应力量值为10 MPa,求得了震源附近各处可能的小震震源机制。将上述3次地震产生的应力变化投影到可能的小震破裂面和滑动方向上,发现唐山地震、滦县地震和宁河地震产生的正库仑破裂应力变化的ldquo;蝴蝶rdquo;形分布与后续小震发生的空间分布具有较好的一致性,95%的余震发生在库仑破裂应力变化增加的区域,说明唐山地震序列中前面的大震对后续小震的发生起到了调制作用。该研究结果对大震后余震的危险性快速评估具有一定意义。如果大地震发生后能够快速确定详细的破裂分布和震源区域详细断层及滑动特性资料,本文方法可用来预测未来大余震的发震位置。   相似文献   

西伯利亚下地幔底部的剪切波各向异性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨凤琴  刘斌  倪四道  曾祥方  戴志阳  吕彦 《地震学报》2008,30(2):209-213

D"在地球动力学演化中起着重要的作用.地震学研究已表明,D"区存在着显著的大尺度区域的地震波各向异性,但由于地震震源与接收台分布的地理局限性,D"区各向异性的研究主要局限于北太平洋、加勒比海、阿拉斯拉、中太平洋等地区(Wookey et al,2005;Garnero,Lay,2003;Matzel,1996;Pulliam,Sen,1998),对西伯利亚下地幔底部的各向异性研究目前尚未见到.  相似文献   

基于TC35T模块在无人值守地震台站遥控电源开关的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张茂军  张晋川  袁燕妮  龙文智  曾新元 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(1):89-94

雷击是造成地震台站观测仪器损坏、影响观测数据连续率和可靠性的重要因素。基于应用TC35T手机模块的遥控电源开关可实现对市电电源遥控“拉闸”和开启,以起到对无人地震监测点的防雷作用。介绍了TC35T模块的应用工作方式,遥控电源开关的硬件组成、程序设计思路,以及该遥控装置在无人值守台站四川攀枝花川-05井水化观测站的应用情况。认为,该遥控装置对地震台站,特别是无人值守台站的地震观测仪器,及其他领域带电工作的仪器设备免遭雷击,减少损失,提高运转连续率和工作质量,具有较高的实用价值和推广前景。  相似文献   

Formation of Fe-oxyhydroxides from the East Pacific Rise near latitude 13°N: Evidence from mineralogical and geochemical data     

Zeng ZhiGang  Wang XiaoYuan  Zhang GuoLiang  Yin XueBo  Chen DaiGeng  Wang XiaoMei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(2):206-215

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station (long. 103°54.48′W, lat. 12°42.30′N, water depth 2655 m) on the East Pacific Rise near lat 13°N were analyzed by XRD, ICP-AES, and ICP-MS. Most Fe-oxyhydroxides are amorphous, with a few sphalerite microlites. In comparison with Fe-oxyhydroxides from other fields, the variable ranges in the chemical composition of Fe-oxyhydroxide samples are very narrow; their Fe, Si, and Mn contents were 39.90%, 8.92%, and 1.59%, respectively; they have high Cu (0.88%–1.85%) and Co (65×10⁻⁶−704×10⁻⁶) contents, and contain Co+Cu+Zn+Ni> 1.01%. The trace-element (As, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Sr) and major-element (Fe, Ca, Al, Mg) contents of these samples are in the range of hydrothermal sulfide from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, reflecting that this type of Fe-oxyhydroxide constitutes a secondary oxidation product of hydrothermal sulfide. The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N are lower in ΣREE (5.44×10⁻⁶–17.01×10⁻⁶), with a distinct negative Ce anomaly (0.12–0.28). The Fe-oxyhydroxide samples have similar chondrite-normalized rare-earth-element (REE) patterns to that of seawater, and they are very different from the REE composition characteristics of hydrothermal plume particles and hydrothermal fluids, showing that the REEs of Fe-oxyhydroxide are a major constituent of seawater and that the Fe-oxyhydroxides can become a sink of REE from seawater. The quick settling of hydrothermal plume particles resulted in the lower REE content and higher Mn content of these Fe-oxyhydroxides, which are captured in part of the V and P from seawater by adsorption. The Fe-oxyhydroxides from one dredge station on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N were formed by secondary oxidation in a low temperature, oxygenated environment. In comparison with the elemental (Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Cu) average content of hydrothermal sulfide samples from the East Pacific Rise near 13°N, the Zn, Cd, and Pb contents of the Fe-oxyhydroxides are lower, and their Fe, Co, and Cu contents are higher. Supported in part by the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovation Project, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-223), and the Special Foundation for the Tenth Five Plan of COMRA (Grant No. DY105-01-03-1)  相似文献   

Bacterial community in deep subseafloor sediments from the western Pacific “warm pool”     

Zhao Jing  RunYing Zeng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(4):618-624

The bacterial community in deep subseafloor sediments at a depth of 230 cm from the western Pacific “warm pool” is studied by construction of 16S rDNA clone library and PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis. The results indicate that the bacterial community in these sediments is mainly composed of five groups: α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, CFB group (Cytophaga / Flexibacteria / Bacteroides), Acidobacteria and gram positive bacteria, with a few genera detected in each group. The most abundant bacteria group is α-Proteobacteria, and the next is β-Proteobacteria. The dominant species in α-and β-Proteobacteria are Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Pseudomonas alcaligenes respectively. The CFB group is simply composed of members belonging to Flavobacterium. The gram positive bacteria are rich, and mainly consists of the genus Geobacillus. The analysis of bacterial community indicates that organic matter is still abundant in the subseafloor sediments at the depth of 230 cm in the western Pacific “warm pool”. These bacteria in this deep biosphere may play an important role in the nitrogen cycle of deep sea sediments at “warm pool”. Supported by the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation of China (Grant No. G2000078500) and China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association Project (Grant No. DY105-4-2-4)  相似文献   

Coupling relationships between brachiopods and Girvanella during the Late Devonian F-F transition in Guilin, South China     

Ran Xu  YiMing Gong  JianWei Zeng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(11):1581-1588

The abundance curves derived from area proportions of brachiopods and Girvanella in the thin sections from the Yangdi section, South China, exhibits complex relationships during the Late Devonian Frasnian-Famennian transition. The living activity of brachiopods such as grazing and borrowing did great damage to the growth of Girvanella. However, there was more to just a mere a survival competing relationship between them, Girvanella actually improved marine environments by oxygenating the dysoxic ambient sea-water through photosynthesis in the lower Kellwasser Horizon. Profited from this improvement brachiopods’ abundance increased subsequently and suppressed Girvanella again. Nonetheless, without Girvanella’s photosynthesis, brachiopods were wiped out by the farther anoxic environments in the upper Kellwasser Horizon. The complex relationships between Girvanella and brachiopods may be a key to unlocking the relationships between geomicrobes and metazoans in the geological overturn periods. Supported by NSFC Innovation Research Group Program (Grant No. 40621002), MOE Innovative Research Team Program (Grant No. IRT0546), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40472020, 40730209, 40802005 and 40872001) and SINOPEC Project (Grant No. G0800-06-ZS-319)  相似文献   

广东冬季气温时空变化特征   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

曾琮  陈创买  李晓娟 《气象》2005,31(3):56-60

根据1954-2002年广东省48站冬季地面气温资料,利用多种气候统计方法,将广东省冬季气温分为全省性冷(暖)型、南冷(暖)北暖(冷)型等四种主要类型,其中全省性冷(暖)型占总年数的90％。广东省冬季气温有0．25℃／10年的增暖趋势,稍弱于全国。  相似文献   

地面高精度磁测在红旗岭镍矿资源接替勘查中的应用     

邱伟  赵军  丁雷  何增 《吉林地质》2012,(3):69-73

本文简要介绍了吉林省红旗岭镍矿区地质背景,较为详细地论述了1/1万地面高精度磁测方法在矿区继续找矿方面的应用。同时对取得的磁测数据成果进行了化极、上延等处理。在此基础上对矿区构造、基性-超基性岩体成因进行了探讨,指出矿区成矿系华力西早期基性-超基性岩浆伊始于F01断裂构造深部,最终贯入至其它断裂成岩、成矿的过程。  相似文献   

一个新的季风指数及其年际变化和与雨量的关系   总被引：46，自引：5，他引：41  

李建平  曾庆存 《气候与环境研究》2005,10(3):351-365

作者按曾庆存等所定义的标准化风场季节变率(和利用新的资料重新作了计算,为与国外传统的和至今大多数学者的定义一致,取δ*=δ-2＞0(即冬、夏风向差大于π/2)作为季风区,结果涵盖了迄今国内外所指出的全球所有季风区(但比曾庆存等算得的区域略为小些),尤其是热带季风区正处于冬季和夏季赤道幅合带(ITCZ)位置所夹的范围内.其后,用李建平和曾庆存建议的动态风场标准化季节变率δ*m=δm-2(δm形式上与δ相似,但依赖于年份m)作为各年季风指数,计算了各主要季风区区域平均的δ*m的年际变化,得到南亚夏季风和东亚夏季风自20世纪70年代中期起、南海夏季风自20世纪80年代起和西非夏季风自1967年起都有不同程度的长期减弱趋势,尤其以西非夏季风减弱最明显.西非夏季风指数和南亚夏季风指数与当地夏季雨量呈显著正相关,东亚夏季风指数与中国和东亚夏季雨量的空间分布有一定的统计相关结构,而南海夏季风指数则与全球各海区夏季降水和海平面气压异常有较好的大范围统计相关.  相似文献   

长江口甲藻孢囊与水体富营养化和厄尔尼诺指数关系研究     

戴鑫烽  曾宇兰  李冬融  王鹏斌  郭若玉  王瑞芳  陆斗定 《海洋学报》2021,43(2):78-87

甲藻孢囊是一种可用于追溯环境变化历史的生物微化石,如指示水体富营养化和气候变化,但是如何指示水体富营养化存在争议,并且如何区分甲藻孢囊中的水体富营养化信号和气候变化信号也是一个科学难题.为了研究这两个科学问题,我们利用长江口海域受到水体富营养化和厄尔尼诺事件双重影响的特点,在该海域不同位置采集了4根沉积柱,分析了其中的...  相似文献