Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the South China Monsoon Region (Guangdong Province)     

陈超  张阿思  吴乃庚  刘显通  孙晓光  王洪 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2023,29(1):55-67

While heavy rainfall frequently takes place in southern China during summer monsoon seasons,quantitative precipitation forecast skills are relatively poor.Therefore,detailed knowledge about the raindrop size distribution(DSD)is useful in improving the quantitative precipitation estimation and forecast.Based on the data during 2018-2022 from 86stations in a ground-based optical disdrometer measurement network,the characteristics of the DSD in Guangdong province are investigated in terms of the pa...  相似文献   

Thermodynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of an Extreme Rainfall Event Under the Influence of a Low-level Jet over the South China Coast     

徐碧裕  黎慧琦  叶朗明  刘显通  饶晓娜  肖辉  徐加民  林青蒲义良  黄青兰 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2023,29(2):216-235

In this paper, the data of Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs), ERA5 reanalysis, sounding, wind profile radar, and dual-polarization radar are used to study an extreme rainfall event in the south China Coast on 11 to 12 May 2022 from the aspects of thermodynamics and microphysical characteristics under the influence of low-level jets (LLJs). Results show that: (1) The extreme rainfall event can be divided into two stages: the first stage (S1) from 0000 to 0600 LST on May 12 and the second stage (S2) from 0700 to 1700 LST on the same day. During S1, the rainfall is mainly caused by the upper-level shortwave trough and the boundary layer jet (BLJ), characterized by strong upward motion on the windward side of mountains. In S2, the combined influence of the BLJ and synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ) increases the vertical wind shear and vertical vorticity, strengthening the rainstorm. In combination with the effect of topography, a warm and humid southwest flow continuously transports water vapor to farther north, resulting in a significant increase in rainfall over the study area (on the terrain’s windward slope). From S1 to S2, the altitude of a divergence center in the upper air decreases obviously. (2) The rainfalls in the two stages are both associated with the mesoscale convergence line (MCL) on the surface, and the wind field from the mesoscale outflow boundary (MOB) in S1 is in the same direction as the environmental winds. Due to a small area of convergence that is left behind the MOB, convection moves eastward quickly and causes a short duration of heavy rainfall. In S2, the convergence along the MOB is enhanced, which strengthens the rainfall and leads to strong outflows, further enhancing the surface convergence near the MOB and forming a positive feedback mechanism. It results in a slow motion of convection and a long duration of heavy rainfall. (3) In terms of microphysics, the center of a strong echo in S1 is higher than in S2. The warm-rain process of the oceanic type characterizes both stages, but the convective intensity in S2 is significantly stronger than that in S1, featuring bigger drop sizes and lower concentrations. It is mainly due to the strengthening of LLJs, which makes small cloud droplets lift to melting levels, enhancing the ice phase process (riming process), producing large amounts of graupel particles and enhancing the melting and collision processes as they fall, resulting in the increase of liquid water content (LWC) and the formation of large raindrops near the surface.  相似文献   

台风“妮妲”（1604）登陆期间近地层风特性分析          下载免费PDF全文

肖辉  万齐林  刘显通  郑腾飞  冯璐 《山东气象》2017,37(2):42-50

利用深圳350 m气象梯度观测铁塔获取的台风“妮妲”（1604）登陆期间近地多层风观测资料,分析“妮妲”登陆期间风场和阵风系数等变化特征。结果显示：“妮妲”登陆期间,近地面风速随时间呈增强—减弱—增强—减弱的“M”型特征,风向由西北方向转为南东南;风速随高度增加而增加,其中风速垂直变化最大的时段为“妮妲”后风圈经过期间;垂直方向上,“妮妲”前外围向前风圈过渡期间风向多变,而其他时段风向随高度基本不变;在“妮妲”前外围、前风圈和眼区经过期间,350 m高度以下的风速随高度的变化遵循对数关系,而在“妮妲”后风圈和后外围时段仅适用于150 m以下高度;在“妮妲”登陆过程中,铁塔观测的粗糙度长度约为0.52 m;阵风系数随高度增加而减小,“妮妲”登陆前和眼区的阵风系数较大;另外,阵风系数与风速呈负相关关系,随着风速增加而减小,尤其是风速小于10 m/s时。  相似文献   

阿尔金北缘脆-韧性剪切带内变形闪长岩的年代学、地球化学特征及其对北阿尔金早古生代构造演化的指示   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

吴玉  陈正乐  陈柏林  王永  孟令通  何江涛  韩梅梅  王斌 《岩石学报》2016,32(2):555-570

阿尔金北缘脆-韧性剪切带是北阿尔金地区一条重要的构造边界,对其形成时代及剪切特征进行深入的研究有利于加深对北阿尔金地区早古生代构造格局与构造演化的认识。本文在喀腊大湾地区发现了一套卷入该脆-韧性剪切带内的变形闪长岩,对其开展了详细的野外地质调查、显微构造观察、地球化学及其年代学研究。野外观察该变形闪长岩发育片麻状面理及拉伸线理,线理的倾向为114°~137°,倾角为25°~43°;面理产状为走向98°~120°,倾向SW,倾角60°~75°,与脆-韧性剪切带延伸方向一致。显微构造观察显示变形闪长岩发育有云母鱼和S-C组构,并可见角闪石残斑被错断,显示出右行剪切的指向。地球化学特征研究表明变形闪长岩的Si O2为57.59%~62.39%,全碱(Na2O+K2O)为4.79%~5.29%,具有较高的Mg O(3.10%~4.04%)、Mg#值(49.9~51.2),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.81~0.89,属准铝质钙碱性岩石,具有I型花岗岩特征。样品富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、K)、轻稀土(LREE)和活泼不相容元素(Th、U),而相对亏损重稀土(HREE)和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti),具有弱的Eu负异常(δEu=0.75~0.84),与岛弧岩浆岩类似。岩石成因研究表明岩体应形成于与洋壳俯冲有关的活动大陆边缘岛弧环境,其岩浆应来源于俯冲板片流体交代地幔楔诱发的部分熔融,并在岩浆上升过程中混染了上地壳物质或/和在俯冲过程混入了俯冲沉积物。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为478.1±2.1Ma(MSWD=0.27),代表了变形闪长岩的结晶年龄,这不仅表明北阿尔金洋在早奥陶世已处于俯冲消减阶段,而且限定了阿尔金北缘脆-韧性剪切带形成时代的下限。结合区域地质资料和本项目组以往对变形闪长岩体东北侧出露的未变形似斑状二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩(即阿北岩体,锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为413±5Ma~427.3±5.7Ma)的研究,推测阿尔金北缘脆-韧性剪切带的形成时代应介于早奥陶世至晚志留世早期之间,这一年龄范围与北阿尔金洋闭合的时代具有良好的一致性。因此,笔者认为阿尔金北缘脆-韧性剪切带可能是塔里木板块和阿中地块斜向碰撞汇聚事件的构造响应。  相似文献   

SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NO2 IN PRD URBAN GROUP AND THE ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ANALYSIS BASED ON OMI REMOTE SENSING DATA     

刘显通  郑腾飞  万齐林  谭浩波  邓雪娇  李菲  邓涛 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2016,22(4):568-577

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of tropospheric NO_2 in Pearl River Delta(PRD) urban group and its adjacent areas were analyze from 2005 to 2013 based on remote sensing data from ozone monitoring instrument(OMI) satellite, and further explored the impact of human activities on NO_2. Compared with the ground observation data, the OMI NO_2 remote sensing data displayed high reliability. Due to active industrial production, high car ownership, great energy and power consumption, the average tropospheric NO_2concentration(7.4×1015molec/cm2) of PRD region is about 3 times of the adjacent areas. At the same time, the regional high pollution NO_2 in PRD region as a whole, the urban group effect is remarkable. Sinusoidal model can well fit the periodic variation of the NO_2 in PRD and adjacent areas. NO_2 concentration was highest in winter while lowest in summer. The concentration of NO_2 in PRD region is decreasing in recent 9 years, which has a significantly negative correlation with the second industry output and car ownership. This suggests that the nitrogen oxide emissions governance in PRD region had achieved initial results. The concentration of NO_2 increased significantly in the eastern and northern Guangdong Province, there are good positive correlations with the second industrial outputs and car ownerships, it is thus clear that industrial emissions and automobile exhausts are important sources of NO_2 in these regions. The concentration of NO_2 in western Guangdong area is stable.  相似文献   

珠三角北部一次暖区强降水过程中的地形作用     

陈芳丽  刘显通  曾丹丹  姜帅  甘泉  梁家杰 《热带气象学报》2022,38(3):377-386

基于ERA5再分析资料、广东省风廓线雷达、雷达拼图产品和实况观测数据, 分析了2020年6月7日夜间-8日珠三角(珠江三角洲)北部暖区强降水过程中主雨带与南岭南部地形走势一致的原因, 阐释地形对此次强降水的触发和维持作用。结果表明: (1)此次过程发生在典型的暖区暴雨环流特征的背景下, 主要影响系统为对流层中层弱短波槽扰动、低空急流和边界层急流脉冲等; (2)雷达回波表现为团状结构, 多以对流单体形态生消, 伴随明显的"列车效应"现象, 但3个不同发展阶段内回波的持续时间、强度, 以及触发地、传播和移动方向等均存在差异; (3)由于边界层西南(偏南)风增强和地形作用, 新的对流单体在珠江口附近和珠三角西北侧被触发, 同时由于南岭南侧地形对边界层暖湿气流的阻挡和拦截等作用, 使得气流在珠三角北部形成明显的辐合抬升, 造成该区域内对流单体移速减慢和汇聚, 增强了降水强度; (4)强降水长时间的持续与海陆热力差异、冷池和边界层暖湿气流增强等引起的地面露点锋和中尺度辐合线有关。露点锋为强降水的发展和维持提供了热力不稳定条件, 地面辐合线加强了对流层底层气流的辐合抬升, 进一步增强了强降水区的降水强度。研究结果有助于认识珠三角北部暖区强降水过程中地形的重要作用, 为今后该区域防灾减灾提供气象理论支撑。   相似文献   

激光云高仪测云底高度产品的检验与评估     

林青  刘显通  张弘豪  屈静玄 《广东气象》2021,43(6):28-32

基于2021年1月1日-10月31日阳江超级观测站布设的Vaisala CL51激光云高仪和无线电探空对低云、中云、高云3类云的云底高度观测的结果进行对比检验.结果表明:两个仪器观测到的月平均云底高度结果中云的时空一致性较高,低云和高云云高仪分别高估了 0.84和1.15 km,并且低云云底高度随月份变化两个仪器呈相反趋势;云高仪在无降水时探测能力最好,随降水增加对中、高云云底高度高估程度也随之增加,日累计降水量级超过25 mm时探测能力迅速减弱;低层高湿条件下,云高仪测得的平均云底高度为1.792 km,可能为高湿度层顶;剔除低层高湿样本后,无降水时RMSE从1.3下降到1.24,归一化偏差从0.56下降到0.52;对于仅有云高仪观测到云的样本,云高仪误将湿区顶判断成云底以及探空计算云底算法阈值选取所致.  相似文献   

Development of 1km-Scale Operational Model in South China     

陈子通  戴光丰  吴凯昕  钟水新  徐道生 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,27(4):319-329

To support short-range weather forecast, a high-resolution model (1km) is developed and technicallyupgraded in the South China Regional Center, including the improvement of the 3D reference scheme and predictor-corrector method for Semi-Implicit and Semi-Lagrangian (SISL) in model dynamical core, as well as the improvementof physical parameterization. Furthermore, the multi-process parallel I/O and parallel nudging techniques are developedand have facilitated rapid updating in the assimilation prediction system and fast-output post processing process. Theexperimental results show that the improved 3D reference scheme and upgraded physic schemes can effectively improvethe prediction accuracy and stability with a longer integration time step. The batch test shows that the precipitationforecast performance of 1-km model is significantly better than that of 3-km model. The 1-km model is in operation withrapidly updating cycle at 12-minute intervals, which can be applied to short-range forecast and nowcasting application.  相似文献   

延川南区块深部煤层气U型分段压裂水平井地质适用性研究     

付玉通  桑树勋  崔彬  刘晓  原俊红 《煤田地质与勘探》2018,46(5):146-152

深部煤层渗透性普遍较差,直井压裂开发单井产量低效果不甚理想,而U型水平井分段压裂开发煤层气技术已取得很好的效果。该项技术试验前必须进行适合该井型的地质评价。以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘延川南区块为例,首先分析影响水平井压裂产能的地质因素,主要为单井控制资源量、储层渗透性和煤层气解吸难易程度,其中单井控制资源量受含气量和煤层厚度影响,渗透性与煤层埋深、构造及煤体结构等有关,碎裂煤发育区渗透性相对好。而后假定吸附性能不变的前提下,利用数值模拟方法分别模拟了不同渗透率、含气量和煤层厚度条件下水平井压裂的产气情况,模拟结果表明水平井压裂后累计产气量与渗透率、含气量、煤层厚度正相关。最后在经济效益评价的基础上,查明适合水平井压裂的地质条件:渗透率>0.25×10–3μm2,含气量>12.3m3/t,煤层厚度>2.9m。该地质适用性评价标准在现场得到广泛应用,并收到了良好的开发效益。   相似文献   

延川南地区深部煤层气U型水平井压裂参数优化设计     

原俊红  曹丽文  付玉通 《煤田地质与勘探》2018,46(5):175-181

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气田具有高储低渗的特点,为提高深部煤层气单井产量,基于区域构造特征、煤层厚度、含气量及水文地质特征,从优化U型水平井压裂参数的角度,对水平井及其压裂参数进行设计。通过数值模拟对影响水平井产量的水平段长度、压裂缝等主要因素进行研究。结果表明:不考虑摩阻情况下,煤层气产量随水平段长度增加而增加,当水平段超过800m后,由于阻力作用,水平段长度每增加100m,产气量降低10%;压裂缝条数和半缝长对产气量影响较大,最佳的压裂缝条数为4~5条,最佳半缝长为80~120m;裂缝间距和裂缝渗透率对煤层气产量影响不大。依据数值模拟的最优参数对该区煤层气井S1进行压裂,在相同条件下,煤层气产量比未压裂的S2井提高了10倍以上。   相似文献